The document classifies plants into two main categories: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses and ferns. Mosses do not have true roots or vascular tissues, reproduce via spores, and prefer damp environments. Ferns have roots, leaves, underground stems and vascular tissues, reproduce via spore-producing organs on their leaves, and prefer damp shady places. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms like pine trees, which have needle-shaped leaves and bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms which have true flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms include monocots and dicots, distinguished by whether they have one or two seed leaves and

1. Classification of Plants

2. Plant Kingdom Flowering Plants Non-flowering Plants

3. Ferns Mosses Non - flowering Plants Do NOT produce flowers

4. A plant can be divided into 3 parts

5. Examples of Mosses

6. Moss spores Spore-producing capsule

7. Characteristics of Mosses ● No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport) ● Simple stems & leaves ● Have rhizoids for anchorage ● Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal) ● Damp terrestrial land ● Simplest plants

8. Fern

9. Fern underground stem root A leaf (finely divided into small parts)

10. spore-producing organs

11. Characteristics of Ferns ● roots, feathery leaves & underground stems ● have vascular tissues (transport & support) ● Damp & shady places ● Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction)

12.  2 groups Gymnosperms Angiosperms ●  roots, stems, leaves ●  vascular tissues (transport) ●  flowers, fruits (contain seeds) Flowering Plants

13. Pine tree Gymnosperms

14. needle-shaped leaves

15. Male cones (in clusters) Female cones (scattered)

16. Characteristics of Gymnosperms ● roots, woody stems ● needle-shaped leaves ● tall evergreen trees ● cones with reproductive structures ● dry places ● vascular tissues (transport) ● naked seeds in female cones.

17. Angiosperms ● Highly developed ● Flowering Plants ● Seeds inside ovary 2 TYPES ● MONOCOTYLEDONS ● DICOTYLEDONS

18. Monocotyledons Parallel veins

19. Characteristics of Monocotyledons ●  one seed-leaf ● leaves have parallel veins ●  herbaceous plants ●  e.g. grass, maize

20. Dicotyledons Veins in network

21. Characteristics of Dicotyledons ●  two seed-leaves ●  leaves have veins in network ●  e.g. trees, sunflower, rose

22. Plant Classification Non-flowering Plants Flowering Spore-bearing Naked seeds No roots with roots Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms 1 seed-leaf 2 seed-leaves Monocots Dicots Angiosperms