Slides from presentation at Distance Teaching & Learning Conference

1. If you record it, will
they watch it? And will
it matter? (part 2)Exploring students’ perceptions of social presence and online video
slides @ www.patricklowenthal.com

2. Patrick Lowenthal
educator
researcher
designer
developer
patricklowenthal.com
Twitter @plowenthal

3. Overview
SP & Online
Video
Replication w/
Undergraduates
Synchronous
“Live” Video
SP cues in
Screencasts

4. BACKGROUND

5. Social Presence
Social presence is the degree of
salience (i.e., quality or state of being
there) between two communicators
using a communication medium.

6. METHOD

7. Regular Video Use
Video Announcements
Instructional Videos (screencasts)
Video Feedback
1
2
3

9. Survey
General Questions
Questions about Video Announcements
Questions about Instructional Videos
Questions about Video Feedback

10. Data Collection
Spring
2013
Summer
2013
Fall
2013
Spring
2014

11. Sample
Internet for Educators
Graphic Design for
Learning
Online Course Design
101
students

12. RESULTS

13. General Background
Females 57%
Males 43%
Experienced Online Learners (Average 10 courses)
Perceived learning (4.58)
Satisfied (4.52)

14. Importance of Presence
[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]
Important to
perceive
instructor as
“real” & “there”
Strongly Agree 4.36
Importance to
perceive
classmates as
“real” & “there”
Agree 3.82

15. Communication Media
Video: 4.23
Audio: 3.55
Text: 3.45
[1 Poor --- Excellent 5]
Rate video, audio, & text in
their ability to establish a
communicator as a “real”
person and being “there”
(i.e., social presence)

16. Lonely
Sometimes feel alone or
isolated when taking online
courses
[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]
Neither Agree or Disagree 2.97

17. Preference
I like it when instructors
use videos in online
courses.
Agree 4.37

18. VIDEO ANNOUNCEMENTS

19. Video Announcements
I read every
announcement
instructor posts
I watched all
announcements
Agree 4.16 Agree 4.08

20. Video Announcements
When / given a video
announcement and a text
transcription, which are
you more likely to do:
Only read; don’t watch
Read and watch video
Watch but don’t read
31%
46%
23%

21. Video Announcements
What reasons influence you to watch a
video announcement?
“If I have time”
“If there is instruction I watch. If it is simply an announcement
I will not watch”
“Internet connection speed”
“I always watch the video announcements because they are
critical to success in the class”
“Much can be determined from the post's title or subject”

22. INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS

23. Instructional Videos
Like it when my
instructor uses
instructional
videos
Instructional
videos are a good
way to learn
Strongly Agree 4.51 Strongly Agree 4.46

24. Instructional Videos
I watched most of the
instructional videos
created by my instructor
this semester?
Strongly / Agree 4.51

25. Instructional Videos
Prefer
instructors use
videos they
created
Instructional
videos created
by others add
value
Agree 3.57 Agree 3.97

26. VIDEO FEEDBACK

27. Preference
I like video feedback
Agree 3.99

28. Instructional Videos
I watched the
video feedback
Watch video
feedback more
than once?
Agree 4.39
Yes 67%

29. Public Feedback
Helpful to view
feedback others
receive
Agree 3.12
I think I would
watch video
feedback
instructors gave
others
Agree 2.97

30. OTHER RESULTS

31. Sync. vs. Async.
Prefer
Asynchronous
Video87%

32. Most Valued
Video Feedback
Video Announcements
Instructional Videos
9%
19%
72%

33. Situational Factors

34. Media Compared
 One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.18
 Group two-way synchronous video 3.88
 Personal asynchronous video 4.13
 General asynchronous video 3.77
 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.62
 Group synchronous audio 3.15
 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.24
 Group asynchronous audio 3.06
 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
 Group synchronous text-based 3.11
 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.46
 Group asynchronous text-based 3.12

35. Video & Social Presence
Videos can establish instructor presence 4.34
Video announcements can establish instructor
presence 4.22
Video feedback can establish instructor presence
4.17
Instructional videos can establish instructor
presence 4.22
I know my instructor better as a result of his use of
video 4.05
Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45
Agree

36. Video, audio, and text are all tools for
distance communications. Other factors
also contribute to the feeling of a real
person. Most critical for me is timeliness of
the communications. I'd rather have a more
immediate text reply that suffer digital
silence - even if the communication after the
delay is in a high quality video format.

37. When videos are kept short and focused they
can be a very effective tool for learning. Not
all information needs to be presented in a
video.

38. The courses where there was some element
of video communication, helped me to feel
more connected to the instructor (or in the
case of 502 not my instructor, but the video
instructor). This semester, I do not feel
connected to my instructors who have not
used any form of video communication.

39. DISCUSSION

40. Final Thoughts
One size
doesn’t fit all
Video
announcements
ROI
Subject Matter
Difference?
Accessibility

41. REPLICATE

42. Under Grad. Vs. Grad. preliminary data
• Importance of Instructor vs. Classmates Presence (Grad=4.36;
UG=4.31 vs.Grad=3.82;UG= 3.46)
• Sometimes feel alone/isolated (Grad=2.97; UG=2.58)
• Video announcements build instructor presence (Grad.=4.18;
UG=4.00;)
• Like video feedback (Grad=3.99; UG=3.63)
• Know instructor better b/c of video (Grad.=4.05; UG=3.58)
• Enjoyed the use of video in this course (Grad.=4.45; UG=4.00)

43. SYNC. VIDEO

44. Perceptions of Happy Hour
• Attended Happy Hours to learn course material (M=4.00)
• Attended Happy Hours to learn more about course
requirements (M=3.33)
• Attended Happy Hours to get questions answered (M=4.07)
• Attended Happy Hours to get know instructor better
(M=4.37)
• Attended Happy Hours to get know fellow students better
(M=3.78)
• Attending Happy Hours was a good use of my time (M=4.41)

45. PRESENCE CUES

46. Presence Cues
• When asked to recall social presence cue
Video Treatment: n=21; 2 wrong; 1 didn’t notice
Picture Treatment: n=25; 2 wrong; 7 didn’t notice
• Social Presence Cues were distracting
Video Treatment: M=1.41
Picture Treatment: M=1.68
• Social Presence Cues Improved Videos
Video Treatment: M=4.09
Picture Treatment: M=3.28
• Better Sense of My Instructor
Video Treatment: M=4.36
Picture Treatment: M=3.44

47. CONTACT ME
Patrick Lowenthal
patricklowenthal@boisestate.edu
www.patricklowenthal.com