The document discusses the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model. It describes how the SOR model expanded on Pavlov's stimulus-response model to include an organism's internal responses. The SOR model examines how stimuli lead to cognitive and emotional responses in an organism, which then prompt behavioral responses. Specifically, the document outlines three dimensions of emotional responses - pleasure, arousal, and dominance - and how the SOR model is commonly used to understand consumer decision making and behavior in various contexts. In conclusion, the SOR model illustrates the relationship between environmental stimuli, an individual's emotional state, and the resulting behavioral responses of approach or avoidance.

1. Stimulus
O r ga nism
Response (SOR)
Model
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations,Phdassistance
Group www.phdassistance.com
Email: info@phdassistance.com

2. Introduction
Three dimensions of emotional responses
Conclusion
Outline
TODAY'S DISCUSSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Woodworth, (1929) proposed stimulus-organism-
model (S-O-R) as an expansion of Pavlov (2010)'s
classic theory of the stimulus–response mode.
The stimulus-response model was first procedure
to understand the buyer behavior of consumers.
The consciousness of the Buyer depends upon
the marketing and environmental stimuli while
purchase decisions are succefully done with the
help of the Buyer's characteristics and decision
process.
Contd...

4. THREE DIMENSIONS OF
EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
The three dimensions based on the emotional responses
to the environment elaborated by Mehrabian and Russel
(1974):
Measuring pleasure regarding the verbal judgments
based on the emotions such as happiness, joy, or
satisfaction level in some scenarios.
Arousal can be measured using verbal judgment,
such as the person's happiness level or situation-
based activeness.
Contd...

5. Dominance can be predicted using the feelings of the
respondent's indication, which is in the form of willingness to
be dominant and based on environmental situation
influence. Based on the three dimensions, assume that every
individual may affect by
environment.
emotional conditions by each
Contd...

6. In the past decades, stimulus–organism–
response model has become one of the
most commonly
(SOR)
used
frameworks that integrate input, process and outputs in a single
model.
To a great extent, this model helps in understanding the causes
behind individual’s behavior and hence it is applied in
addressing human behavior-related issues.
Stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model is generally
used to examine the association between stimulus and
response and to examine how the organisms mediate these
relationships.
Contd...

7. This is carried out through different pathways that provoke the
cognitive and emotional states of an individual, which then
initiate behavioral responses (Ul Islam & Rahman, 2017).
In this model, stimuli (S) induce two opposing types of
responses (R) in the user: approach or avoidance.
Thus, internal assessments of individuals (O) of several
motions in the world produce these behaviors.
The below figure represents the SOR model
Contd...

9. Also, this model is considered to be best suited for understanding consumer
decisions whether to admit and adopt or not (response) as it establishes cognitive
appraisal of individuals (stimuli)(apprehensions & facilitating conditions).
However, other models such as (Technology acceptance model) TAM, unified
technology acceptance and use theory (UTAUT) etc. are constrained and insufficient
in elucidating how a stimulus initiates attitude and intention of the consumers
(Dzandu et al., 2020).
Thus, researchers have adapted the SOR methodology to incorporate complex
aspects like cognitive and affective components into the process in their own study
settings, due to its widespread applicability (Kim et al., 2020).
Contd...

10. CONCLUSION
Researchers have widely embraced and used the
stimulus-organism-response model (S-O-R) to
analyse behaviour in the context of social media e
ngagement (Ul Islam & Rahman, 2017), mobile
auctions (Chen & Yao, 2018), healthcare (Suess &
Mody, 2018), online hotel booking behaviour (Emir et
al., 2016).
To conclude, the S-O-R model signifies the relation
among stimuli in the environment, emotional states of
people and the behavior of approach or avoidance
which arises from the collaboration of stimuli and
emotion.

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