The document explains the past perfect tense in English, emphasizing its use for completed actions before another action in the past and durations that continued until another past event. It provides examples for both uses and notes the possibility of using specific time expressions. Additionally, it outlines the structure of the past perfect form and offers practice exercises.

1. the Past Perfect tense What is this tense . . . . . . and when do we use it in English?

2. Meaning of Past Perfect: ~Use 1: Completed Action Before Something in the Past The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past

3. Examples: ~Use 1: Completed Action Before Something in the Past 1. She only understood the movie because she had read the book. 2. I had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I went to Hawaii.

4. Meaning of Past Perfect: ~Use 2: Duration Before Something in the Past We can also use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

5. Examples: ~Use 2: Duration Before Something in the Past 1. We had owned our car for 10 years before it finally died. 2. They had been married for 5 years when they had their first child.

6. Meaning of Past Perfect: ~Important Note: Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect Tense , it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible , it is usually not necessary.

7. Example: ~Specific Times: Often, you can use the simple past OR the past perfect. She had visited the U.S. once in 2000 before she moved here in 2005. 2. She visited the U.S. once in 2000 before she moved here in 2005. past perfect simple past

8. Past Perfect tense How do we make the present perfect tense in English? Can you think of the grammar rule? He had already left when she called.

9. Form: This grammar has 2 parts: Had + verb past participle *use HAD for all subjects

10. Negative Form: had not + verb (past participle) OR hadn’t + verb (past participle) Example: The teacher hadn’t finished correcting papers when the students started to arrive.

11. More Practice: Complete each sentence with the past perfect form of the verb given. ready? set? Practice!

12. Karen ____________ (finish) making dinner by the time her husband came home. When I arrived at the store, it ___________ (close) already. had finished had closed

13. Practice makes Perfect! For additional practice . . . Go to our class website! www.ecc6.blogspot.com On the right side, under Important Websites for Class , click on Week 6 Grammar Practice .

14. The End