This slide explains about the life cyle of mosquito. And about its feeding. And explains about mousquito transmitted diseases. Mainly about malaria, dengue, west nile fever, zikavirus, and chikungunya. And abot prevention from mosquito transmitted diseases.

1. M O S Q U I T O
Ovya pugalenthi aruna

2. C O N T E N T S
✤ Mosquito
✤ Life cycle
✤ Feeding
✤ Mosquito transmitted diseases

3. M O S Q U I T O
✤ Kingdom : animalia
✤ Phylum : arthropoda
✤ Class : insecta
✤ Mosquitoes comprise a
group of about 3,500
species of small insects
that are flies.

4. L I F E C Y C L E
4 S TA G E S
✤ Egg,
✤ Larva,
✤ pupa,
✤ and adult, with the larval
and pupal stages always
being aquatic.

5. F E E D I N G
✤ Both male and female
mosquitoes feed on
nectar, aphid honeydew,
and plant juices, but in
many species the
mouthparts of the females
are adapted for piercing
the skin of animal hosts
and sucking their blood as
ectoparasites.

6. M O S Q U I T O T R A N S M I T T E D D I S E A S E S
✤ Malaria
✤ Dengue
✤ Chikungunya (encephalitis)
✤ West nile fever
✤ Zika virus

7. M A L A R I A
• A disease caused by a
plasmodium parasite,
transmitted by the bite of
infected mosquitoes.
• Symptoms are chills, fever
and sweating, usually
occurring a few weeks
after being bitten.

8. • Treatment : antibiotics like doxycycline, tigecycline,
clindamycin, azithromycin or co-trimoxazole, as anti-
malarial drugs.
• In 2018, there were an estimated 228 million cases of
malaria worldwide.
• Children aged under 5 years are the most vulnerable
group affected by malaria; in 2018, they accounted for
67% (272 000) of all malaria deaths worldwide.

9. D E N G U E
• Dengue is a vector-borne
disease transmitted by the
bite of an infected
mosquito. The mosquitoes
involved are Aedes aegypti
and Aedes albopictus.
• There are 4 serotypes of
the virus that causes
dengue.
• These are known as DEN-1,
DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4.

10. • Dengue causes flu-like symptoms and lasts for 2-7 days. Dengue fever
usually occurs after an incubation period of 4-10 days after the bite of
the infected mosquito.
• High Fever (40°C/ 104°F) is usually accompanied by at least two of the
following symptoms:
• Headaches
• Pain behind eyes
• Nausea, vomiting
• Swollen glands
• Joint, bone or muscle pains
• Rash

11. S E V E R E D E N G U E
• The person should be rushed to the emergency room
or to the closest health care provider as it causes:
• Plasma leaking that may lead to shock and/or fluid
accumulation with/without respiratory distress,
• Severe bleeding,
• Severe organ impairment.

12. • Treatment :
• There is no vaccine or specific medication for dengue
fever.
• Patients should seek medical advice, rest and drink
plenty of fluids.
• Paracetamol can be taken to bring down fever and
reduce joint pains.
• However, aspirin or ibuprofen should not be taken
since they can increase the risk of bleeding.

13. • The incidence of dengue has increased 30-fold over
the last 50 years. Up to 50-100 million infections are
now estimated to occur annually in over 100 endemic
countries, putting almost half of the world’s population
at risk.

14. C H I K U N G U N YA
• Chikungunya is a
mosquito-borne viral
disease that causes fever
and severe joint pain.
• Chikungunya is
transmitted to humans by
the bites of infected
female mosquitoes.
• The mosquitoes involved
are Aedes aegypti and
Aedes albopictus.

15. • Chikungunya fever typically lasts from five to seven days
and frequently causes severe and often incapacitating
joint pain which sometimes persists for much longer
periods.
• There is no specific treatment for the disease but
analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
medication may be used to reduce the pain and swelling.
• Aspirin should be avoided.
• There is no vaccine against this virus, so preventive
measures depend entirely on avoiding mosquito bites
which occur mainly during the daytime, and eliminating
mosquito breeding sites.

16. T O AV O I D M O S Q U I T O B I T E S :
• Wear clothes that cover as much skin as possible;
• Use mosquito repellents on exposed skin and on
clothing in accordance with label instructions;
• Use mosquito nets to protect babies, older and sick
people and others who rest during the day,
• Use mosquito coils and insecticide vaporisers during
the daytime.

17. T O R E D U C E M O S Q U I T O B R E E D I N G :
• Remove discarded containers from around the house;
• For containers that are in use, turn them over or
empty every 3–4 days to prevent mosquito breeding
including any water-filled containers indoors.
• Alternatively, completely cover them to keep out
mosquitoes.

18. • Between February and October 2006 alone, more than
1.25 million people in India and south Asia were infected
with the chikungunya virus.
• Several methods can be used for diagnosis. Serological
tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA), may confirm the presence of IgM and IgG anti-
chikungunya antibodies.
• IgM antibody levels are highest 3 to 5 weeks after the
onset of illness and persist for about 2 months.
• Samples collected during the first week after the onset of
symptoms should be tested by both serological and
virological methods (RT-PCR).

19. W E S T N I L E
F E V E R
• Human infection is most
often the result of bites
from infected mosquitoes.
• West Nile Virus (WNV) can
cause neurological disease
and death in people. WNV
is commonly found in
Africa, Europe, the Middle
East, North America and
West Asia.

20. • WNV is maintained in nature in a cycle involving transmission between birds
and mosquitoes. Humans, horses and other mammals can be infected.
• West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the flavivirus genus and belongs to the
Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the family Flaviviridae.
• WNV is either asymptomatic (no symptoms) in around 80%.
• About 20% will develop Symptoms that include fever, headache, tiredness, and
body aches, nausea, vomiting, occasionally with a skin rash (on the trunk of the
body) and swollen lymph glands.
• Diagnosis : ELISA, RT-PCR, Igm can be seen in all CSF fluids and by virus
isolation cell culture.
• No vaccine is available for humans.
• Treatment methods include intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and
prevention of secondary infections.

21. Z I K A V I R U S
• Zika virus is primarily
transmitted to people
through the bite of an
infected Aedes mosquito.
• The incubation period
(the time from exposure to
symptoms) of Zika virus
disease is estimated to be
3–14 days.

22. • The majority of people infected with Zika virus do not
develop symptoms.
• Symptoms are generally mild including fever, rash,
conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and
headache, and usually last for 2–7 days.
• No vaccine is yet available for the prevention or
treatment of Zika virus infection.
• A diagnosis of Zika virus infection can only be
confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or other body
fluids, such as urine or semen.

23. H T T P S : / / W W W. W H O . I N T / N E W S - R O O M / FA C T- S H E E T S /
D E TA I L / M A L A R I A
H T T P S : / / W W W. W H O . I N T / N E W S - R O O M / FA C T- S H E E T S /
D E TA I L / C H I K U N G U N YA
H T T P S : / / W W W. W H O . I N T / N E W S - R O O M / FA C T- S H E E T S /
D E TA I L / W E S T- N I L E - V I R U S
H T T P S : / / W W W. W H O . I N T / N E W S - R O O M / FA C T- S H E E T S /
D E TA I L / M A L A R I A
H T T P S : / / W W W. W H O . I N T / N E W S - R O O M / Q - A - D E TA I L /
D E N G U E - A N D - S E V E R E - D E N G U E
H T T P S : / / W W W. W H O . I N T / N E W S - R O O M / Q - A - D E TA I L / Z I K A -
V I R U S - A N D - C O M P L I C AT I O N S - Q U E S T I O N S - A N D -
A N S W E R S
Bibliography

24. Thank you !