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A_PRESENTATION_ON_DENGUE_AND_ITS_CONTROL.ppt
1. A General Awareness about dengue
vector, its life cycle and elimination and
Preventive measures
Arooj Aftab
Provincial Entomologist
Directorate General Health Services Punjab
24- A Cooper Road, Lahore
5. Identification of adies agypti
mosquito
• The mosquito is totally black except white
spots on body and head regions.
• The mosquito can be recognized by white
markings on legs, and a marking in the form of
a lyre on the thorax.
• The mosquito originated in Africa but is now
found in tropical and subtropical regions
throughout the world.
• The mosquito is smaller in size as compared to
all other mosquitoes and size it 3-4
6. Continue-----
• Flight is not more than 100 meters from host.
• It has fast flight as compared to other
mosquitoes and more active and receptive.
• She usually attacks on lower parts of body
especially ankle and feet or back of the human
beings.
9. Identification of eggs
• Raft shaped, boat shaped or banana shaped.
• Eggs are laid in separate single single and not
in cluster shaped that is why chances of their
spread are more, therefore better chances of
their survival.
• When laid they are in white shaped sooner it
becomes black.
• The eggs survive for very long time and resist
high temperature to 40 degree Celsius.
15. How to eradicate larve
• Chemical Control
• Larvidciding(Temephos 1% granules, 50EC) for larvae
• IRS (Indoor Residual Spray)(Detlamethrine 5% wp)for adult
mosquitoes
• Fogging or Space Spraying (Deltamethrine 1.5 EC) for adult
mosquitoes
• Biological control
• by bacteria powder bacteria bacillus thuringenisis
• Fish stocking (Thalapia, gambosea fish)
• Environmental control
• by removing breeding sites/ mechanical removal
• By filling ditches with earth or concrete.
16. 16
• Acute febrile viral disease
characterized by sudden onset, fever
of 3-5 days, intense headache,
myalgia, anthralgic retro-orbital pain,
anorexia, GI disturbances and rash.
• Causal Agent :Flaviviruses - four
serotypes Dengue -1,-2,-3 and -4.
• Vector: Infective female Aedes
mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti.
• Incubation period: 4-7 days (range
3-14 days).
asif, Entomologist Pb
What is Dengue?
32. Some key facts about Dengue and
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
• Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-
like illness
• Global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent
decades.
• About two fifths of the world's population are now at risk.
• Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates
worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas.
• Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of serious illness
and death among children in some Asian countries.
• Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the
world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas.
33. Global Burden of Dengue Incidence
• Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was
first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines
and Thailand
• There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue Den
virus1, 2, 3 and 4
• The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in
recent decades. Some 2.5 billion people – two fifths of the world's
population – are now at risk from dengue. WHO currently estimates there
may be 50 million dengue infections worldwide every year.
• In 2007 alone, there were more than 890 000 reported cases of dengue in
the World of which 26 000 cases were DHF.
• In 2007, Venezuela reported over 80 000 cases, including more than 6 000
cases of DHF.
• Some 2.5 billion people – two fifths of the world's population – are now at
risk from dengue.
• WHO currently estimates there may be 50 million dengue infections
worldwide every year.
34. Causes of breeding places of ades
agypti
• More and more urbanization.
• Poor sewerage and drainage system
• Poor water supply system in cities and leakage
of water.
• Poor waste management and its disposal
• Storage of empty bottles, old tyres and plastic
toys on roof.
• Standing and uncover water in bathrooms and
kitchen in pitchers or other utensils.
• Standing water in ornamental plants
35. Transmission of the disease
• Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites
of infective female Aedes mosquitoes.
• Mosquitoes generally acquire the virus while feeding on the
blood of an infected person.
• After virus incubation for eight to 10 days, an infected
mosquito is capable, during probing and blood feeding, of
transmitting the virus for the rest of its life.
• Infected female mosquitoes may also transmit the virus to
their offspring by transovarial (via the eggs) transmission, but
the role of this in sustaining transmission of the virus to
humans has not yet been defined
36. Signs and symptoms of the Disease
• Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects
infants, young children and adults, but seldom
causes death.
• The clinical features of dengue fever vary according
to the age of the patient.
• Infants and young children may have a fever with
rash. Older children and adults may have either a
mild fever or the classical incapacitating disease with
abrupt onset and high fever, severe headache, pain
behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, and rash.
37. Treatment of the dengue fever
• There is no specific treatment for dengue
fever.
• Maintenance of the patient's circulating fluid
volume is the central feature of DHF care.
• There is no vaccine to protect against dengue.
Although progress is underway, developing a
vaccine against the disease .
• The main problem is that so far as in no
animal dengue symptoms appear.
38. Prevention and Control
• At present, the only method of controlling or
preventing dengue virus transmission is to combat
the vector mosquitoes.
• In Asia and the Americas, Aedes aegypti breeds
primarily in man-made containers like earthenware
jars, metal drums and concrete cisterns used for
domestic water storage, as well as discarded plastic
food containers, used automobile tyres and other
items that collect rainwater.
• In Africa the mosquito also breeds extensively in
natural habitats such as tree holes, and leaves that
gather to form "cups" and catch water.
39. Curative Measures
• Only paracetamol or panadol tablets and
syrup.
• Aspirine/brufen not recommended.
• Take plenty of water and juices.
• Dextron in case of leakage of plasma in DHF.
• Nursing of patients.
• Patients usually recover after 5 to 7 days.
40. Curative measures
• So far as patients admitted in dengue
wards and only 4 were confirmed dengue
fever and all of them got infection from
District Lahore.
• However, epidemiological and entomological
surveys conducted in the surrounding houses
and sprayed in 20 houses around that positive
house.
• All confirmed cases are now stable
41. Surveillance and Epidemiological
Team
• A surveillance team has been constituted
under District Officer Health Sheikhupura,
Entomologist. CDC Officer , District Sanitary
Inspector and all DDOHs of the respective
Tehsils
• Medical Specialist as Focal Person for curative
measures has designated in DHQ and THQ
Hospital Sheikhupura.
