Motherboard and its components are explained and each slide has the notes to refer.(below each slide in notes section) RAM Memory, AGP, PCI slots and Heat sink for processor
The document describes the main components of a computer system unit. It contains electronic parts like the power supply, hard disk drive, CPU, fan, RAM, and motherboard. The front of the system unit has drive bays for inserting devices like DVD-ROM drives, CD-ROM drives, floppy disk drives, and more. Input/output ports on the back allow connection to peripherals. Key components include the power button, motherboard, power supply, disk drives, and hard disk drive which stores data and programs.
Components and Parts of Motherboard and their importanceSubas Paudel
This document defines and explains the importance of key computer hardware components including the microprocessor, RAM, ROM, buses, CMOS battery, power supply, ports, expansion slots, cache memory, switches, jumpers, and bridges. The microprocessor contains all the functions of a computer's central processing unit. RAM allows random access of memory locations for storing and retrieving data. ROM stores standard programs supplied by manufacturers. Buses transfer data and addresses between internal components. The CMOS battery stores system information like the time and date.
Internal and external hardware components of a computerbethan_eastlake
The document describes the internal and external hardware components of a computer. It discusses the CPU, main memory including RAM and ROM, input/output controllers and ports, system buses including the address bus, control bus, and data bus. Peripherals and secondary storage are also summarized as external components that connect via input/output controllers.
The document provides an overview of the main components of a computer motherboard and how they work together. It discusses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, ROM, expansion slots and boot process. The motherboard holds the processor, memory chips, input/output chips and expansion slots. It connects the components and allows them to communicate via a data bus. The CPU executes instructions from RAM and uses RAM for data processing. Expansion slots allow additional peripherals to connect to the motherboard. The boot process starts the computer and loads the operating system.
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra.
Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik
Date: 17/01/2011
Session-3: Internal Components of PC
The three main internal components of a computer are the CPU, motherboard, and RAM. The CPU processes data and exchanges it with other components. Motherboards contain many components and connect them together. RAM stores data temporarily while the computer is on. Other important internal components include the power supply, fans, adapter cards, optical and floppy disk drives, hard drives, and connectors.
The document outlines the main internal components of a personal computer and provides a brief description of each component's function:
The motherboard holds crucial parts like the CPU and RAM and allows them to communicate. The CPU controls basic operations and runs programs. RAM is volatile memory that programs use temporarily. The hard drive is permanent storage. Interface cards include sound, video, and network cards. Cooling fans dissipate heat and the power supply provides power to components.
This document summarizes the key components of a motherboard. It discusses how the motherboard is the main printed circuit board inside a PC that contains important processing components like the CPU and chipset. It also facilitates temporary storage like RAM, contains ports and slots for expansion and input/output, and provides power and communication between other internal devices. Key components covered include the microprocessor, internal and external cache, chipset, memory, CMOS, expansion slots, I/O ports, and power connectors.
The document describes the main components of a computer system unit. It contains electronic parts like the power supply, hard disk drive, CPU, fan, RAM, and motherboard. The front of the system unit has drive bays for inserting devices like DVD-ROM drives, CD-ROM drives, floppy disk drives, and more. Input/output ports on the back allow connection to peripherals. Key components include the power button, motherboard, power supply, disk drives, and hard disk drive which stores data and programs.
Components and Parts of Motherboard and their importanceSubas Paudel
This document defines and explains the importance of key computer hardware components including the microprocessor, RAM, ROM, buses, CMOS battery, power supply, ports, expansion slots, cache memory, switches, jumpers, and bridges. The microprocessor contains all the functions of a computer's central processing unit. RAM allows random access of memory locations for storing and retrieving data. ROM stores standard programs supplied by manufacturers. Buses transfer data and addresses between internal components. The CMOS battery stores system information like the time and date.
Internal and external hardware components of a computerbethan_eastlake
The document describes the internal and external hardware components of a computer. It discusses the CPU, main memory including RAM and ROM, input/output controllers and ports, system buses including the address bus, control bus, and data bus. Peripherals and secondary storage are also summarized as external components that connect via input/output controllers.
The document provides an overview of the main components of a computer motherboard and how they work together. It discusses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, ROM, expansion slots and boot process. The motherboard holds the processor, memory chips, input/output chips and expansion slots. It connects the components and allows them to communicate via a data bus. The CPU executes instructions from RAM and uses RAM for data processing. Expansion slots allow additional peripherals to connect to the motherboard. The boot process starts the computer and loads the operating system.
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra.
Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik
Date: 17/01/2011
Session-3: Internal Components of PC
The three main internal components of a computer are the CPU, motherboard, and RAM. The CPU processes data and exchanges it with other components. Motherboards contain many components and connect them together. RAM stores data temporarily while the computer is on. Other important internal components include the power supply, fans, adapter cards, optical and floppy disk drives, hard drives, and connectors.
The document outlines the main internal components of a personal computer and provides a brief description of each component's function:
The motherboard holds crucial parts like the CPU and RAM and allows them to communicate. The CPU controls basic operations and runs programs. RAM is volatile memory that programs use temporarily. The hard drive is permanent storage. Interface cards include sound, video, and network cards. Cooling fans dissipate heat and the power supply provides power to components.
This document summarizes the key components of a motherboard. It discusses how the motherboard is the main printed circuit board inside a PC that contains important processing components like the CPU and chipset. It also facilitates temporary storage like RAM, contains ports and slots for expansion and input/output, and provides power and communication between other internal devices. Key components covered include the microprocessor, internal and external cache, chipset, memory, CMOS, expansion slots, I/O ports, and power connectors.
The document discusses the main components and functions of a computer motherboard. It describes the motherboard as the main printed circuit board inside the PC that contains the central processing unit (CPU) and connections to other essential components. Some key components it outlines are the CPU, chipset, memory (RAM and cache), expansion slots, input/output ports, and power connectors. The motherboard facilitates communication between the CPU and other devices and components within the computer system.
Storage provides capacity for files and information through devices like hard disks, while memory provides working space through RAM. Primary storage includes RAM and cache for running the computer, while secondary storage is long-term storage like hard disks. RAM is volatile memory used for running programs, coming in static RAM and dynamic RAM forms. ROM is read-only memory storing basic instructions. Cache memory improves performance by storing frequently used data and instructions. Optical storage includes CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays, while magnetic storage encompasses floppy disks and hard disks. Flash memory offers portable options like USB drives and solid-state drives.
The document discusses the major components of a computer motherboard. It begins by explaining that the motherboard acts as the central connection point for major computer components. It then describes some of the key components attached to the motherboard like the CPU, RAM, BIOS, chipsets, expansion slots, and others. It provides details on the function of each component and how they work together to power the computer.
motherboard electronic components and their functionsOmprakash Chauhan
THE MOTHERBOARD
The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as the Motherboard. It is also known as System Board, Main Board or Printed Wired Board (PWB). Attached to it, we have numerous motherboard components that are crucial in the functioning of the computer.
The motherboard acts as the connection point where major computer components are attached to. It holds many of the crucial components of the system like the processor, memory, expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC.
The type of motherboard installed in a PC has a great effect on system speed and expansion capabilities.
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS
The motherboard holds all the major logic components of the computer. Here we are going to see with no particular order, some of those major motherboard componets and their function in a computer or to be more precise in your computer.
CPU- Central Processing Unit
It is also known as the microprocessor or the processor. It is the brain of the computer, and it is responsible for fetching, decoding and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and logical calculations.
The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer; and this information is usually inscribed on the processor chip e.g. Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, (old processor types) Intel Core 2Duo e.t.c.
If the processor chip is not on the motherboard, you can identify the processor socket as socket 1 to Socket 8, LGA 775 e.t.c. This can help you identify the processor that fits in the socket. For example a 486DX processor fits into Socket 3.
This presentation provides an overview of motherboard components and functions. It describes the main components including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, BIOS, expansion slots, and input/output ports. It explains that the motherboard connects the central processing unit and other internal components to enable communication within the computer. Form factors like ATX and microATX determine the motherboard size and compatibility. Selecting a motherboard involves considering the CPU, case, expansion needs and warranty.
This document provides an overview of common computer hardware components, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard disk, optical drives, display and sound cards, and network cards. It describes the functions of these components and how they connect and communicate via bus lines like the system bus and peripheral buses. Specific components like Intel and AMD CPUs are compared based on factors like clock rate, cache size, and number of transistors. Ports and interface cards are explained as the connection points between peripherals and the CPU. Two case studies with pictures are provided to illustrate real computer configurations.
This document discusses the different types of computer memory. It describes cache memory as a buffer between the CPU and main memory that is less than 512 KB in size. It stores frequently used data and programs. Main memory, also called primary memory, is semiconductor memory that holds the data and instructions currently being processed; it is volatile and includes RAM and ROM. RAM is random access memory that constitutes the CPU's internal memory, while ROM is read-only memory that permanently stores its contents. Secondary memory, also called external memory, is non-volatile storage like hard disks and USB drives that permanently store data and are slower than primary memory.
The document discusses several key components of internet and computer systems. The CPU controls the operating system and has processors ranging from 2.1-3.1 GHz depending on whether it's a laptop or normal computer. Memory comes in various types like ROM, RAM, SRAM, and DRAM that allow storage and retrieval of data. Adapter cards like PCI and PCIe connect hardware to the motherboard. Storage devices include hard drives connected via PATA, SATA, or SCSI interfaces, and solid state drives. Input devices provide input to computers while output devices like monitors provide output.
The three main components of an internal computer system unit are the processor, motherboard, and power supply. The processor acts as the computer's brain and carries out instructions. The motherboard brings all the components together and contains ports for adding peripherals. The power supply converts main power to lower voltages needed to run the computer safely.
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the main components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Key factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are the form factor, CPU support, BIOS type, case compatibility, and warranty.
Computer memory is needed to store data and programs and retrieve them when needed. There are two main types of computer memory: primary and secondary. Primary memory, also called RAM, is used to store data currently being processed and is volatile, meaning it only retains data while powered. Secondary memory, like hard disks, is used for long-term non-volatile storage and includes various devices such as hard disks, solid state drives, USB drives, and optical disks. Memory is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and other units with different types of RAM and storage serving different computing needs.
The major-motherboard-components-and-their-functionstonton2018
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that connects major components like the CPU, memory, and expansion slots. It holds crucial components and connects all parts of the PC. The document then lists and describes the key components that attach to the motherboard, including the CPU, RAM, BIOS, CMOS, cache memory, expansion buses, chipset, CPU clock, switches, jumpers, and jumper caps.
This document summarizes different types of computer memory. It discusses primary memory like RAM, which is temporary storage for active programs and data. It also discusses secondary memory like magnetic tapes, disks, and floppy disks for long-term and portable storage. Specifically, it provides details on RAM, ROM, cache memory, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, and floppy disks - describing what each is, how they work, their storage capacities and purposes.
This document discusses computer memory and the memory hierarchy. It begins by introducing primary and secondary memory. Primary memory, like RAM, is used to process data and instructions directly, while secondary memory, like hard disks, is used for long-term storage. It then describes the memory hierarchy, with internal processor memory and cache at the top for fastest access, primary/RAM memory next, and secondary disk storage at the bottom. The document focuses on RAM, describing its purpose to temporarily store active data and programs, and how it must be refreshed to maintain data in dynamic RAM unlike static RAM.
The document discusses the main components of a computer motherboard. It describes the CPU socket, memory slots, CMOS battery, expansion slots like ISA, PCI, and AGP, power connectors, chipset including the northbridge and southbridge, graphical devices, and back panel ports. The motherboard holds many crucial electronic components like the CPU and memory and provides connections for other peripherals.
Memory is divided into primary and secondary memory. Primary memory, also called main memory, is used for immediate data access by the processor and includes RAM and ROM. RAM is temporary storage that allows direct CPU access while ROM is permanent storage that retains data without power. Secondary memory provides permanent mass storage on devices like hard disks, and includes examples like magnetic tapes, floppy disks, USB drives, and solid state drives that retain data without power.
The document discusses the components of a computer hardware system. It is divided into three main sections: processing, storage, and input/output. The processing section focuses on the central processing unit (CPU) and its components. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, cache memory, and other parts. It executes instructions by performing calculations with data from memory and storage. The motherboard is also described as the main circuit board that connects and allows communication between all the internal computer components.
This document discusses different types of computer memory and storage devices. It describes the main memory units like RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage, while ROM is non-volatile and used for permanent storage. RAM types include SRAM and DRAM, and ROM types include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Secondary storage devices like magnetic tapes, disks, optical disks are also covered, explaining their uses, types, and characteristics in 1-3 sentences each. Factors affecting processor speed and the instruction cycle are briefly mentioned.
This document defines and explains what a motherboard is and its importance. A motherboard is the primary circuit board that connects all the core components of a computing device. It allows the components to communicate and work together. Motherboards are found in devices like desktop and laptop computers, phones, tablets, servers, and supercomputers. The document discusses different types and sizes of motherboards and describes the various buses that connect components via the motherboard, such as the front side bus. It also explains what a machine cycle is and how it provides an orderly method for a processor to execute software instructions.
The document discusses motherboards, their components, and types. It introduces motherboards as the primary component of a computer, sometimes called the main board or system board. It then lists some of the common electronic components found on motherboards, such as the processor socket, RAM slots, and connectors for devices. Finally, it mentions that there are different types of motherboards, including typical AT and ATX motherboards.
RAM is used for temporary storage of running programs. There are two main types of RAM: SDRAM and DDR RAM. SDRAM is commonly used in older PIII motherboards at speeds ranging from 66MHz to 133MHz, while DDR RAM is faster and used in newer P4 motherboards at speeds from 266MHz to 800MHz. Common RAM errors include failure to display with beeps, blank screen, misreported RAM size, and memory errors. These errors can be caused by incorrect configuration, installation issues, or faulty RAM. The solutions include confirming the configuration, checking the RAM installation, and potentially replacing damaged RAM.
Research Questionnaire - Employee Referral ProgramYogesh Santhan
This document contains a research questionnaire about an employee referral program (ERP). It asks participants questions to understand the importance and effectiveness of ERP, tools for an effective ERP, their experience with the current ERP, and opinions on how to improve the ERP. The questions cover topics like the benefits of ERP, preferences for ERP tools and techniques, experience referring friends through ERP and their outcomes, and views on rewards, transparency, and other aspects of the ERP. The purpose is to gather input from employees to study ERP and help enhance the current program.
The document discusses the main components and functions of a computer motherboard. It describes the motherboard as the main printed circuit board inside the PC that contains the central processing unit (CPU) and connections to other essential components. Some key components it outlines are the CPU, chipset, memory (RAM and cache), expansion slots, input/output ports, and power connectors. The motherboard facilitates communication between the CPU and other devices and components within the computer system.
Storage provides capacity for files and information through devices like hard disks, while memory provides working space through RAM. Primary storage includes RAM and cache for running the computer, while secondary storage is long-term storage like hard disks. RAM is volatile memory used for running programs, coming in static RAM and dynamic RAM forms. ROM is read-only memory storing basic instructions. Cache memory improves performance by storing frequently used data and instructions. Optical storage includes CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays, while magnetic storage encompasses floppy disks and hard disks. Flash memory offers portable options like USB drives and solid-state drives.
The document discusses the major components of a computer motherboard. It begins by explaining that the motherboard acts as the central connection point for major computer components. It then describes some of the key components attached to the motherboard like the CPU, RAM, BIOS, chipsets, expansion slots, and others. It provides details on the function of each component and how they work together to power the computer.
motherboard electronic components and their functionsOmprakash Chauhan
THE MOTHERBOARD
The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as the Motherboard. It is also known as System Board, Main Board or Printed Wired Board (PWB). Attached to it, we have numerous motherboard components that are crucial in the functioning of the computer.
The motherboard acts as the connection point where major computer components are attached to. It holds many of the crucial components of the system like the processor, memory, expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC.
The type of motherboard installed in a PC has a great effect on system speed and expansion capabilities.
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS
The motherboard holds all the major logic components of the computer. Here we are going to see with no particular order, some of those major motherboard componets and their function in a computer or to be more precise in your computer.
CPU- Central Processing Unit
It is also known as the microprocessor or the processor. It is the brain of the computer, and it is responsible for fetching, decoding and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and logical calculations.
The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer; and this information is usually inscribed on the processor chip e.g. Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, (old processor types) Intel Core 2Duo e.t.c.
If the processor chip is not on the motherboard, you can identify the processor socket as socket 1 to Socket 8, LGA 775 e.t.c. This can help you identify the processor that fits in the socket. For example a 486DX processor fits into Socket 3.
This presentation provides an overview of motherboard components and functions. It describes the main components including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, BIOS, expansion slots, and input/output ports. It explains that the motherboard connects the central processing unit and other internal components to enable communication within the computer. Form factors like ATX and microATX determine the motherboard size and compatibility. Selecting a motherboard involves considering the CPU, case, expansion needs and warranty.
This document provides an overview of common computer hardware components, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard disk, optical drives, display and sound cards, and network cards. It describes the functions of these components and how they connect and communicate via bus lines like the system bus and peripheral buses. Specific components like Intel and AMD CPUs are compared based on factors like clock rate, cache size, and number of transistors. Ports and interface cards are explained as the connection points between peripherals and the CPU. Two case studies with pictures are provided to illustrate real computer configurations.
This document discusses the different types of computer memory. It describes cache memory as a buffer between the CPU and main memory that is less than 512 KB in size. It stores frequently used data and programs. Main memory, also called primary memory, is semiconductor memory that holds the data and instructions currently being processed; it is volatile and includes RAM and ROM. RAM is random access memory that constitutes the CPU's internal memory, while ROM is read-only memory that permanently stores its contents. Secondary memory, also called external memory, is non-volatile storage like hard disks and USB drives that permanently store data and are slower than primary memory.
The document discusses several key components of internet and computer systems. The CPU controls the operating system and has processors ranging from 2.1-3.1 GHz depending on whether it's a laptop or normal computer. Memory comes in various types like ROM, RAM, SRAM, and DRAM that allow storage and retrieval of data. Adapter cards like PCI and PCIe connect hardware to the motherboard. Storage devices include hard drives connected via PATA, SATA, or SCSI interfaces, and solid state drives. Input devices provide input to computers while output devices like monitors provide output.
The three main components of an internal computer system unit are the processor, motherboard, and power supply. The processor acts as the computer's brain and carries out instructions. The motherboard brings all the components together and contains ports for adding peripherals. The power supply converts main power to lower voltages needed to run the computer safely.
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the main components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Key factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are the form factor, CPU support, BIOS type, case compatibility, and warranty.
Computer memory is needed to store data and programs and retrieve them when needed. There are two main types of computer memory: primary and secondary. Primary memory, also called RAM, is used to store data currently being processed and is volatile, meaning it only retains data while powered. Secondary memory, like hard disks, is used for long-term non-volatile storage and includes various devices such as hard disks, solid state drives, USB drives, and optical disks. Memory is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and other units with different types of RAM and storage serving different computing needs.
The major-motherboard-components-and-their-functionstonton2018
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that connects major components like the CPU, memory, and expansion slots. It holds crucial components and connects all parts of the PC. The document then lists and describes the key components that attach to the motherboard, including the CPU, RAM, BIOS, CMOS, cache memory, expansion buses, chipset, CPU clock, switches, jumpers, and jumper caps.
This document summarizes different types of computer memory. It discusses primary memory like RAM, which is temporary storage for active programs and data. It also discusses secondary memory like magnetic tapes, disks, and floppy disks for long-term and portable storage. Specifically, it provides details on RAM, ROM, cache memory, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, and floppy disks - describing what each is, how they work, their storage capacities and purposes.
This document discusses computer memory and the memory hierarchy. It begins by introducing primary and secondary memory. Primary memory, like RAM, is used to process data and instructions directly, while secondary memory, like hard disks, is used for long-term storage. It then describes the memory hierarchy, with internal processor memory and cache at the top for fastest access, primary/RAM memory next, and secondary disk storage at the bottom. The document focuses on RAM, describing its purpose to temporarily store active data and programs, and how it must be refreshed to maintain data in dynamic RAM unlike static RAM.
The document discusses the main components of a computer motherboard. It describes the CPU socket, memory slots, CMOS battery, expansion slots like ISA, PCI, and AGP, power connectors, chipset including the northbridge and southbridge, graphical devices, and back panel ports. The motherboard holds many crucial electronic components like the CPU and memory and provides connections for other peripherals.
Memory is divided into primary and secondary memory. Primary memory, also called main memory, is used for immediate data access by the processor and includes RAM and ROM. RAM is temporary storage that allows direct CPU access while ROM is permanent storage that retains data without power. Secondary memory provides permanent mass storage on devices like hard disks, and includes examples like magnetic tapes, floppy disks, USB drives, and solid state drives that retain data without power.
The document discusses the components of a computer hardware system. It is divided into three main sections: processing, storage, and input/output. The processing section focuses on the central processing unit (CPU) and its components. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, cache memory, and other parts. It executes instructions by performing calculations with data from memory and storage. The motherboard is also described as the main circuit board that connects and allows communication between all the internal computer components.
This document discusses different types of computer memory and storage devices. It describes the main memory units like RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage, while ROM is non-volatile and used for permanent storage. RAM types include SRAM and DRAM, and ROM types include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Secondary storage devices like magnetic tapes, disks, optical disks are also covered, explaining their uses, types, and characteristics in 1-3 sentences each. Factors affecting processor speed and the instruction cycle are briefly mentioned.
This document defines and explains what a motherboard is and its importance. A motherboard is the primary circuit board that connects all the core components of a computing device. It allows the components to communicate and work together. Motherboards are found in devices like desktop and laptop computers, phones, tablets, servers, and supercomputers. The document discusses different types and sizes of motherboards and describes the various buses that connect components via the motherboard, such as the front side bus. It also explains what a machine cycle is and how it provides an orderly method for a processor to execute software instructions.
The document discusses motherboards, their components, and types. It introduces motherboards as the primary component of a computer, sometimes called the main board or system board. It then lists some of the common electronic components found on motherboards, such as the processor socket, RAM slots, and connectors for devices. Finally, it mentions that there are different types of motherboards, including typical AT and ATX motherboards.
RAM is used for temporary storage of running programs. There are two main types of RAM: SDRAM and DDR RAM. SDRAM is commonly used in older PIII motherboards at speeds ranging from 66MHz to 133MHz, while DDR RAM is faster and used in newer P4 motherboards at speeds from 266MHz to 800MHz. Common RAM errors include failure to display with beeps, blank screen, misreported RAM size, and memory errors. These errors can be caused by incorrect configuration, installation issues, or faulty RAM. The solutions include confirming the configuration, checking the RAM installation, and potentially replacing damaged RAM.
Research Questionnaire - Employee Referral ProgramYogesh Santhan
This document contains a research questionnaire about an employee referral program (ERP). It asks participants questions to understand the importance and effectiveness of ERP, tools for an effective ERP, their experience with the current ERP, and opinions on how to improve the ERP. The questions cover topics like the benefits of ERP, preferences for ERP tools and techniques, experience referring friends through ERP and their outcomes, and views on rewards, transparency, and other aspects of the ERP. The purpose is to gather input from employees to study ERP and help enhance the current program.
The document discusses computer literacy for teachers and outlines competencies that teachers need related to computers. It presents ACM's set of competencies for teachers, which includes being able to read and write simple programs, use educational software and hardware, discuss the impact of technology, and more. It also discusses differing views on what defines computer literacy for teachers and how teachers' needs vary depending on whether they teach computing topics or just use computers as a classroom tool.
This document provides an overview of the key components of a computer, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, optical drives, expansion cards, ports, and power supply. It describes each component's purpose and specifications. Sections cover the motherboard in detail, explaining its sockets, bridges, slots, battery, and connectors that interface with other parts.
This document provides an overview of the key components that make up a motherboard, including the CPU, RAM, BIOS, chipsets (northbridge and southbridge), expansion slots, and various ports and connectors. The motherboard acts as the central hub that holds these components and allows them to communicate with each other and external devices. It provides connections for components like the CPU, RAM, graphics card, storage drives, and I/O ports and manages the data flow between all of the parts through the BIOS.
The document provides a detailed overview of the key components that make up a computer system, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, optical drives, ports, expansion cards, and case. It describes the function and important specifications of each component as well as how they connect and interact with each other.
Motherboard components and their functionsBESOR ACADEMY
The document describes and explains the key components found on a computer motherboard and their functions. It discusses 17 main components including: back panel connectors and ports; PCI and PCIe slots; the northbridge and southbridge chips; the CPU socket; power connectors; SATA connectors; RAM slots; and fan headers. Each component's purpose and location on the motherboard is outlined.
The document discusses the motherboard, which connects and controls the main components inside a computer. It provides basic information about motherboards, including their components and functions. The history section notes that early computers housed the CPU, memory, and peripherals on separate boards, while modern motherboards integrate many functions onto a single circuit board, supporting audio, video, storage, and networking.
This document provides an overview of the basic hardware components of a personal computer, including input devices, the processing unit, storage devices, and output devices. It discusses what each component is and examples such as keyboards, mice, and monitors as input devices; CPUs from Intel and AMD as the processing unit; hard disks, flash drives, and DVDs as storage devices; and monitors, printers, and speakers as output devices. It also provides some specifications and considerations for different components.
The document discusses the key components and functions of a computer motherboard. It describes how a motherboard connects the central processing unit and other components like memory slots, drives, and peripherals. It explains that the motherboard form factor determines compatibility with other hardware. Common form factors include ATX, which is most popular, and BTX, the latest standard. The document outlines important motherboard components such as the chipset, CPU socket, memory slots, BIOS, and expansion slots. It provides details on how these components work together to enable system communication and functionality.
The document discusses the key components and functions of a computer motherboard. It describes how the motherboard connects and allows communication between the CPU, memory, drives, and other peripherals. It provides details on common motherboard components like the chipset, CPU socket, memory slots, BIOS, and expansion slots. The document also covers motherboard specifications, compatibility considerations, and popular motherboard manufacturers.
The document discusses the key components and functions of a computer motherboard. It describes how a motherboard connects and provides communication between the central processing unit, memory slots, drives, and other components. It also explains important motherboard parts like the chipset, CPU socket, memory sockets, BIOS, expansion slots, and how they enable essential computing functions and expansion capabilities.
The document discusses various computer hardware components. It describes that a computer system consists of hardware like the case, storage drives, and peripherals. The hardware components include the computer case, power supply, motherboard, CPU, cooling systems, memory, and adapter cards. The case contains the internal components and comes in different form factors. The power supply provides power to the components.
The document discusses the key components and functions of a computer motherboard. It begins by defining a motherboard as the primary circuit board inside a computer that hosts the CPU, memory slots, drives, and other peripherals. It then covers important motherboard components like the chipset, form factor, memory sockets, CPU socket, expansion slots, and input/output ports. The document provides details on how these components work and interact to enable the functioning of the computer system. It concludes by offering some tips for selecting an appropriate motherboard.
The document discusses the key components and functions of a motherboard. It describes how a motherboard provides electrical connections for the CPU, memory, drives, and peripherals to communicate. It explains that the microprocessor's supporting chipset determines the motherboard's features and capabilities. Form factor, common motherboard parts like expansion slots and memory sockets are described. Factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are also outlined.
The document discusses the common components of a computer system including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, power supply, heat sink, graphics card, hard drive, optical drive, south bridge, north bridge, BIOS, and memory modules. The motherboard connects all the components and its form factors have evolved from ATX to LPX to NLX to BTX for better airflow and upgradability. CPUs can be RISC or CISC and overclocking increases their speed. RAM types include SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. The power supply converts AC to DC for the components. The heat sink keeps the CPU cool.
The document discusses the basic functions and components of a computer system. It explains how the bootstrap loader initializes the operating system during startup by testing hardware, loading the OS into memory, and passing control to the boot record. The major components of a computer include the motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion slots, input/output ports, and monitors.
The motherboard holds many important computer components and determines the layout and size of the system. Common form factors include ATX, LPX, and NLX. The CPU executes instructions to carry out programs and its speed is measured in GHz. RAM allows data to be accessed quickly and comes in types like SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. The power supply provides power to all components in regulated voltages of 3.3v, 5v, and 12v.
The motherboard is the main circuit board inside a PC that contains and controls the components responsible for processing data. It holds the processor, memory chips, I/O chips, and expansion slots. The motherboard determines the type of CPU, memory, ports, and compatibility standards. It connects all parts of the PC either directly or indirectly and allows them to communicate via buses on the board.
The document provides an overview of basic computer hardware terminology. It discusses the main circuit board called the motherboard, which contains the CPU and BIOS. The BIOS acts as an interface between hardware and software. The document also describes processing devices like cache memory and RAM. RAM is the computer's workspace and is volatile, meaning data is lost without power. Different RAM types like DRAM and SDRAM are discussed. The processor is described as the brain and heart of the computer. Subsequent processor generations including the Pentium family are also mentioned.
introduction about computer hardware and software...Muhammad Akram
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This chapter provides an introduction to personal computers. It outlines the chapter objectives which include explaining industry certifications and describing the various internal and external computer components. The chapter contents are overviewed, including potential misconceptions. Additional resources for instructors are also listed.
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The document discusses the internal components of a personal computer, including the motherboard which holds essential electronic parts like the CPU, memory, and drives. It describes the functions of the CPU, RAM, and power supply, and explains how the motherboard uses the northbridge and southbridge chips to connect these components via various busses and cables for data and power transmission within the system. Form factors for motherboards like ATX, MicroATX, and Mini-ITX are also outlined along with socket types for different processors.
The motherboard is the most important component of a computer and functions as the main circuit board that integrates and coordinates all other computer elements. It contains connectors for the processor, RAM, BIOS, expansion slots, ports, and power supply. The motherboard must perform physical connections, power management and distribution, data communication, timing synchronization, and system monitoring and control. Common motherboard types include AT, ATX, and variants designed for specific AMD or Intel processors.
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
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Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
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Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
1. A look at the brains of the computer, the
motherboard, and its associated components.
Computer Literacy
2. 2
Overview
1. Inside a PC
2. The Motherboard
3. RAM
4. ROM
5. CMOS Memory
6. The CPU
7. Expansion Slots
8. Booting the Computer
types of memory
the 'brains'
the processor
4. 4
Motherboards
House the CPU
Allow devices to communicate with it and each other
Most popular: ATX
ATX
More power-management features
Support faster systems
Easier to install
Selection of motherboard determines capabilities and
limitations of the system
5. Form Factor
Motherboard form factor
Determines the size of the board
Drives selection of power supply, case, CPU, cards
ATX: most popular motherboard form factor
BTX: the latest motherboard form factor
Three types of motherboards you can select:
A board providing the most room for expansion
A board suiting the computer’s current configuration
A board falling in between current and future needs
9. Expansion Slot ( PCI type )
Expansion slot or Expansion bus is the slot that enable the user
to add the adapter card for additional function to the system.
Peripheral Component Inter-Connect slots allow direct
interaction between secondary H/W and CPU
Ex.
-Sound card or Multimedia
- LAN card.
- Internal Modem card.
-TV tuner card.
-Additional hard disc controller card.
10. AGP Port
AGP ( Accelerated Graphic Port ) port is a high speed data
transfer port, this port is used by the display adapter card that
demands so much data with in short period of time.
12. Hard Drive Connection
There are two types of hard drive
connections that a computer could have:
Parallel ATA (PATA), also known as IDE,
and Serial ATA (SATA).
Serial ATA (SATA, abbreviated from Serial
AT Attachment) is a computer bus interface
that connects host bus adapters to mass
storage devices such as hard disk drives,
optical drives, and solid-state drives
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT
Attachment, is an interface standard for the
connection of storage devices such as hard
disk drives, floppy disk drives, and optical
disc drives in computers.
13. Memory Socket( DIMM socket)
There are 3 types of memory that currently popular used in the PC,
1. SD RAM
2. DDR RAM
3. Rambus-DRAM
or RDRAM
14. Continue….
RDRAM Memory
-Used in Pentium 4 motherboard
-highest performance and is most
expensive.
DDR ram
-128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB.
-medium high performance and
medium price.
SDRAM
-lowest performance and lowest
price.
16. Read-Only Memory can
be read but not changed.
It is non-volatile storage: it remembers its contents
even when the power is turned off.
Some kinds of ROM are PROM, EPROM, EEPROM,
and CD-ROM.
ROM
17. CMOS is a battery powered semiconductor chip which
stores information.
A computer needs a semi-permanent
way of keeping some start-up data
e.g. the current time, the no. of hard disks and type of
hard disks and boot sequence.
the data may need to be updated/changed
CMOS memory requires (very little) power to
retain its contents.
supplied by a battery on the motherboard
Retains data even when computer is turned off
CMOS Memory
the battery
18. BIOS
It’s the first program that runs every time we turn on
computer.
BIOS instructs the computer on how to perform a number
of basic functions such as booting and keyboard control.
It also provides a way for configuring computer hardware.
Hardware like hard drive, floppy drive, optical
drive, CPU, memory, etc.
On starting computer we see message like “Press F2 for
Setup”
Non volatile
19. CMOS Battery
• This is a 3 volt battery, this
battery supplies the power
to CMOS ram for CMOS
ram to retain the
information during system
powered off, the battery
may be last for 5 or 6 years.
20.
21. CPU Socket
A CPU socket or slot is an electrical
component that attaches to a printed
circuit board (PCB) and is designed to
house a CPU (also called a
microprocessor).
It is a special type of integrated circuit
socket designed for very high pin counts.
CPU sockets on the motherboard can
most often be found in most desktop
and server computers (laptops typically
use surface mount CPUs), particularly
those based on the Intelx86 architecture.
22. The CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the chip on the
motherboard that acts as the "computer's brain "
it does calculations, and coordinates the other
motherboard components
CPU examples: the Pentium, the PowerPC chip
The CPU is also known as the processor or
microprocessor.
23. Different kind of CPU
Intel
Celeron
Pentium 4
Xeon
AMD
Duron
Athlon XP
Sempron
Athlon 64
Common features
Clock rate > 2GHz
Differences
Word Size
Cache Memory
Size
Front Side Bus
No. of transistors
26. The CPU and RAM Communication
The CPU
processes data.
The RAM
contains data
and programs.
The data bus transports the
processed data to the RAM so
it can be stored, displayed, or
output.
29. Chipset
• Chip set is a set of IC.
• The combination of
the North and Southbridge
in a computer is Called
the chipset.
• NB allows communication
between CPU,RAM,AGP
• SB handles Secondary
H/W,BIOS,I/O,USB
30. The system clock sends out 'ticks' to control the timing
of all the motherboard tasks
e.g. it controls the speed of the data bus and the
instruction cycle
The time it takes to complete an instruction cycle is
measured in megahertz (MHz).
1 MHz = one million cycles per second
The System Clock
32. Explore….
•Hard disk and its connectivity to mother board??
•Disk Drive Components and working??
•Difference between SATA and PATA??
•Power supply and power connectors??
•What is North Bridge and South Bridge??
•Discuss about Booting process ??
Editor's Notes
A motherboard, also known as the primary circuit inside the computer, and where the central processing unit(CPU), Memory slots, drives and other peripherals.
A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. it also connects the central processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices.
An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard.
Bus line is a physical wiring that connects the components of the computer system on the motherboard
There are several different types of expansion slot:
ISA: older technology, for modems and slow devices
PCI: for graphics, sound, video, modem or network cards
AGP: for graphics cards
Buses evolved around data path and speed
Local bus (system) and expansion bus (ISA)
Buses carry electrical power, control signals, memory addresses, and data
On-board ports, connectors, and riser slots
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) – The oldest expansion slot that is configured in 8-Bit and 16-Bit slots.
Also referred to as the AT bus.
Operates at 8MHz, although some manufacturers reliably achieve a throughput of 10 MHz.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) – The most popular expansion slot that is configured in both 32-bit, 33MHz and 64-bit, at 33MHz and 66MHz.
A new standard is the PCI-X which can operate at 66MHz, 133MHz, 266MHz, and 533MHz. PCI-X 1066MHz is being developed.
PCI adapters are configured with software and the standard supports bus-mastering, which allows an adapter to take over the external bus from the CPU and execute operations with another bus-mastering adapter without going through the processor.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) – 32-bit bus interface for graphics adapters developed from the PCI bus.
It speeds up 3-D graphics, 3-D acceleration, and full-motion playback.
Allows the video adapter to directly access RAM on the motherboard when needed.
The video subsystem is isolated from the rest of the computer.
In order to implement AGP, the motherboard must have an AGP expansion slot, the chipset must support AGP, and an operating system that supports AGP must be installed.
Some motherboards will allow changing the amount of memory AGP can use. The amount normally used is 64MB, configured through BIOS settings, and referred to as the AGP Aperture.
Random Access Memory (RAM).
RAM is used to hold programs while they are being executed, and data while it is being processed.
RAM is volatile, meaning that information written to RAM will disappear when the computer is turned off.
RAM contents can be accessed in any (i.e. random) order.
By contrast, a sequential memory device, such as magnetic tape, forces the computer to access data in a fixed order because of the mechanical movement of the tape.
How much RAM is Enough?
Computers typically have between 64 and 512 Mb (megabytes) of RAM.
RAM access speeds can be as fast as 8 nanoseconds (8 billionth of a second).
The right amount of RAM depends on the software you are using.
You can install extra RAM.
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAM is volatile
data is lost when the power to the computer is turned off
The instructions and data for the job performing are written to RAM and read from it as needed
Two operations of RAM
Loading means copying data from the secondary storage to the main memory
Saving means copying data from RAM to the non-volatile secondary storage.
Types of RAM
SRAM
DRAM
SDRAM
DDR-RAM
Cache memory – A fast type of memory designed to increase the speed of microprocessor operations.
L1 (Level one) cache – Cache memory that is located inside the microprocessor.
Write-through cache – The microprocessor writes 1s and 0s into the cache memory at the same time as regular memory.
Write-back cache – The 1s and 0s are written to regular memory when the microprocessor is not busy. It is more efficient than write-through cache.
L2 cache – Cache memory that is on the motherboard for Pentium and lower processors. Starting with the Pentium Pro processor, the L2 cache is inside the processor packaging and known as on-die cache
ROM – Read Only Memory
ROM is non-volatile
Data are stored permanently
Data can only be read but cannot be changed
Store instructions and tells the computer how to load the operations system when booting up
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Types of CMOS batteries
3.6V lithium battery with a four-pin connector; connects with a Velcro strip
4.5V alkaline battery with a four-pin connector; connects with a Velcro strip
3.6V barrel-style battery with a two-pin connector; soldered on
3V lithium coin-cell battery (most common)
Also called real-time clock/nonvolatile RAM (RTC/NVRAM) chip
Retains data even when computer is turned off
Setup cannot be changed unintentionally, but disk drive must be working before you can change the setup
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the chip on the motherboard that acts as the "computer's brain"
it does calculations, and coordinates the other motherboard components
CPU examples: the Pentium, the PowerPC chip
The CPU is also known as the processor or microprocessor.
The instruction pointer in the CPU's control unit stores the location of the next program instruction to be executed.
The instruction is loaded into the instruction register to be carried out.
registers are local memory on the CPU
The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) executes the instruction.
The result is placed in the accumulator (another register), then stored back in RAM or used in other CPU operations.
A chip (microchip) is an integrated circuit - a thin slice of silicon crystal packed with microscopic circuit elements
e.g. wires, transistors, capacitors, resistors
Short for Basic Input/Output System, the BIOS (pronounced bye-oss) is a ROM chip located on all motherboards that allows you to access and set up your computer system at the most basic level. In the picture below, is an example of what a BIOS chip may look like on your computer motherboard. In this example, this is a picture of an early AMIBIOS, a type of BIOS manufactured by the AMI. Another good example of a BIOS manufacturer is Phoenix.
The BIOS includes instructions on how to load basic computer hardware and includes a test referred to as a POST (Power On Self Test) that helps verify the computer meets requirements to boot up properly. If the computer does not pass the POST, you will receive a combination of beeps indicating what is malfunctioning within the computer.
The four main functions of a PC BIOS
POST - Test the computer hardware and make sure no errors exist before loading the operating system. Additional information on the POST can be found on our POST and Beep Codes page.
Bootstrap Loader - Locate the operating system. If a capable operating system is located, the BIOS will pass control to it.
BIOS drivers - Low level drivers that give the computer basic operational control over your computer's hardware.
BIOS or CMOS Setup - Configuration program that allows you to configure hardware settings including system settings such as computer passwords, time, and date.