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1. PC Explorer Course Content Central Processing Unit Input Devices Output Devices

2. History of the Computer

3. How the Computer Evolved 1642 Blaise Pascal – mechanical adding machine Early 1800’s Jacquard – uses punch cards to control the pattern of the weaving loom 1832 Charles Babbage - invents the Difference Engine 1890 Herman Hollerith – invents a machine using punch card to tabulate info for the Census Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

4. ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights Cost $486,000 100,000 additions per second Weighed 30 tons Filled a 30x50 foot room Could be replaced today by one fingernail-size silicon chip

6. Finish vacuum tube computer

7. Evolution (continued) 1910 Charles Watson Sr. – International Business Machines 1946 – Mauchly and Eckert created the ENIAC computer, first electronic computer is unveiled at U. of Pennsylvania 1970’s – Integrated circuits and silicon chips lead to smaller microprocessors

9. Motherboard

10. Processor

11. RAM

12. Hard disk

13. Floppy disk

14. Optical Drive

15. Expansion Boards

17. It is available either as Desktop or Tower Type

18. Whenever you open a PC, be sure to use a properly grounded anti-static wrist strap

19. If you do not have an anti-static wrist strap handy, you can discharge yourself on the PC’s metal chassis

22. It is a thin, flat piece of circuit board which contains the system CPU, Clock/Timer Circuit, Memory slots, Memory, Bios ROM, Chipsets, Ports, and Expansion slots

24. Asus

25. VIA

26. Mercury

27. Giga Byte

30. Chipsets

31. Bios

32. CMOS Cell

33. Chips

34. RAM Slot

35. Ports

36. Connectors

39. Early CPUs were not readily interchangeable, and upgrading a CPU meant upgrading the motherboard

41. Sockets PGA PGA mPGA LGA

43. Socket 2 - 80486

44. Socket 3 - 80486 (3.3V and 5V) and Compatibles

45. Socket 4 - Intel Pentium 60/66 MHz

46. Socket 5 - Intel Pentium 75-133 MHz, AMD K5

48. Super Socket 7 – AMD K6-2, AMD K6-III

49. Socket 8 – Intel Pentium Pro

50. Socket 370 – Intel Pentium III, Celeron; Cyrix III; VIA C3

51. Socket 423 – Intel Pentium 4

52. Socket 463 – (also known as Socket NexGen) – NexGen Nx586

54. Socket 486 - 80486

55. Socket 563 – AMD low Power Mobile Athlon XP-M

56. Socket 603 – Intel Xeon

57. Socket 604 – Intel Xeon

58. Socket 754 – AMD Athlon 64, Sempron, Turion 64

60. Socket 939 – AMD Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2 Opteron 100-series

62. As new CPUs and hardware support functions for a motherboard. Features are crammed into a PC, new chipsets must be developed to implement those function

65. AMD/ATI

66. VIA

67. SIS

69. Usage of Chipsets

70. AMD Chipset

71. Memory Chip ROM– Read Only Memory. ROM can typically be written once, but read many times. It is used to store BIOS (Basic Input/Output System-helps to load and locate an operating system), external to microprocessor, and computer instruction sets, internal to microprocessor PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) Flash ROM

73. Flashmemoryis a type of PROM that can be easily altered by the user. They are also called EEPROMs (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory) because they can be electrically erased then written on to (flashed) without having to take them out of the computer, and without using ultraviolet light.

75. CMOS Battery All AT, ATX computers require a small battery on the system board that provides power to the complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor chip, even while the computer is turned off. This chip contains information about the system configuration (e.g., hard disk type, floppy drive types, date and time, and the order in which the computer will look for bootable disks). The CMOS battery allows the CMOS to preserve these settings

76. CMOS Battery

77. Chips Sound Chip Input Output Chip Network Chip Clock Chip

78. Chips Sound Chip Input Output Chip

80. RAM Slots SIMM (Single in line Memory Module) DIMM (Dual in Line Memory Module) RIMM (Rambus in Line Memory Module) SODIMM(

81. RAM Slots

82. Ports VGA (Video Graphic Adaptor) LPT (Local Printer Terminal) COM (Serial Port) USB (Universal Serial Port) LAN (RJ 45) MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) PS2 (Personal System 2)

83. SERIAL PORT Considered to be one of the most basic external connections to a computer, the serial port has been an integral part of most computers for more than 20 years. Although many of the newer systems have done away with the serial port completely in favor of USB connections, most modems still use the serial port, as do some printers, PDAs and digital cameras. Few computers have more than two serial ports.

84. Parallel Ports If you have a printer connected to your computer, there is a good chance that it uses the parallel port. While USB is becoming increasingly popular, the parallel port is still a commonly used interface for printers. Parallel ports can be used to connect a host of popular computer peripherals: Printers Scanners CD burners External hard drives Iomega Zip removable drives Network adapters Tape backup drives

85. Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ports The goal of USB is to end all of these headaches. The Universal Serial Bus gives you a single, standardized, easy-to-use way to connect up to 127 devices to a computer. Just about every peripheral made now comes in a USB version. A sample list of USB devices that you can buy today includes: PrintersScannersMiceJoysticks Flight yokes Digital camerasWebcams Scientific data acquisition devices ModemsSpeakersTelephones Video phones Storage devices such as Zip drives Network connections Connecting a USB device to a computer is simple -- you find the USB connector on the back of your machine and plug the USB connector into it.

86. A typical "B" connection The rectangular socket is a typical USB socket on the back of a PC. A typical USB connector, called an "A" connection

87. Ports VGA MIDI USB COM PS/2

88. Interface Power Hard disk Floppy disk

89. Interface

90. Expansion Slots ISA PCI AGP PCI Express

91. Expansion Slots

93. AMD

94. Cyrix

96. A typical CPU only performs three general function: mathematical calculation, logical comparisons, and data manipulation.

97. To deal with high-performance floating-point math in hardware

100. Silicon Chip

101. Intel Processors

102. Laser Etching

103. AMD Processors

104. Structure of the CPU storage input/output memory control unit ALU registers registers cache memory flags

105. Microprocessor System Buses RAM ROM Control Bus Microprocessor (CPU) Data Bus Input/Output (I/O) Address Bus

107. Controlbus–The control bus synchronizes system events like memory access, system interrupts, I/O, etc.

108. Addressbus– Source and destination addresses are sent over the address bus to identify a particular location in memory or input/output port.

112. Intel Core 2 Duo

113. 45nm Qardcore

114. Memory Primary Memory Secondary Memory

116. Each cell has an address and a value

118. All data stored in binary format

120. SRAM (static)

121. DRAM (dynamic )

122. EDO RAM (extended data out)

123. SDRAM (synchronous dynamic)

124. RDRAM (Ram Bus Dynamic)

126. Types of RAM

128. Hard disk (80 GB to 500 GB)

129. Floppy disks (1.44 MB, 2.88 MB)

130. Zip disks (100 MB, 200 MB)

131. Optical media

132. CD (700 MB)

133. DVD (4.7 GB, 8.5 GB)

134. BD ROM (25 GB, 50 GB)

137. Allows two connectors for two 40-pin data cables

138. Ribbon cables can accommodate one or two drives

139. Four parallel ATA devices can attach with two cables

140. Serial ATA (SATA) cabling

141. Use a serial data path rather than a parallel data path

143. IDE Interface

144. SATA Interface

145. HDD and Cables

146. Floppy Drive

147. FDD Interface

149. Optical Drive and Disk

150. CD DRIVE

152. Enables recording, rewriting, and playback of high-definition video

154. Diameter: 120 mm

155. Thickness: 1.2 mm

156. Center hole diameter: 15 mm

157. Uses GaN laser of wavelength 400 nm

160. For protection, the prototype BD was enclosed in a case

162. Expansion Boards

163. SMPS

165. Mouse

166. Joystick

167. Scanner

169. Keyboard

170. Mouse In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface The first marketed integrated mouse – shipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation – came with the Xerox 8010 Star Information System in 1981

171. Mouse

172. Joystick A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones

173. Joystick

174. Scanner Scanner is a input device

175. Scanner

176. Web Cam Webcam is a input device

177. Webcam

179. Printer

181. Monitor

182. Printer Printer is a out put device

183. Printer

184. Speaker Speaker is a output Device

185. Speaker