4. A. Selim III (sultan)
1. Ottoman sultan (1789-1807)
2. Wanted to emulate the West
a) Secular vs religion based gov
3. Huge respect for Napoleon’s
power
4. Tried to reform military
a) Janissaries worried: losing
privilege= assassinated
5. B. Mahmud II (sultan)
1. Ruled 1808-1839
2. Abolished the corps of
Janissaries
a) Auspicious Incident:
3. Tax reform- $ goes straight to
gov
4. Westernized- education and
dress
6. C. Muhammad Ali (Egypt)
1. Rise to power:
a) (1801) Napoleon had to leave to
deal with problems in France
b) sent by the Ottoman sultan to
take back Egypt
c) Goal as leader: recreate a dynasty
in Egypt (which was weak from
fighting the French)
7. 2. Expanding his power
a) Sultan asks him to take back Arabia
(Mecca/Medina) from Wahhabis (Islamic
fundamentalist group)
b) Takes Sudan (without being asked)
c) Sultan asks for help in Greece-
– Ali fails and loses his navy
– Greece eventually gains independence with the
help of European superpowers/allies (Rus, FR, GB)
8. d) Syria- son helped take
over, looking for natural
resources and trade
control
e) Getting greedy: eyes on
Anatolia, again held off
by euro superpowers
9. 3. Ali the reformer
a) The Army: conscription (draft) vs Janissaries
(elite soldiers), European model
b) Schools and newspapers
c) High taxes= peasants must give over land to
gov
d) Industrialization: state sponsored industry
10. D. Over all Ottoman
Reforms
1. Root out corruption
2. Education: primary and secular
colleges
3. Roads, canals, RR
4. Justice for all, eliminated millets
(religious based courts in specific
communities)
5. Adaptation to Islam (ie military
head gear)
11. E. Young Turk Era (p710-712)
1. Abdul Hamid II
a) Rise to power
b) Characteristics of his reign (what was it like with him
in charge)
2. Impact of European education on reformers
3. The Young Turks
a) Members:
b) Goals:
c) Accomplishments/failures
4. The main reason the Ottoman Empire
maintained any power:
