EUROPEAN NATIONALISM

1. 1830-1848
THE AGE
OF
REVOLUTION

2. THE BACKGROUND
 The period between 1830 and 1848 was marked by a lot of tensions and turmoil in
Europe. Europe had witnessed the dramatic rise of two philosophies, liberalism and
conservatism.
 The liberal nationalists or the educated middle class planned ways to overthrow
monarchy and bring in a government of the people. Europe hence saw a series of
revolutions in Italy, Germany, Poland, Turkey and Ireland.

3. THE BACKGROUND
 The period between 1830 and 1848 was
marked by a lot of tensions and turmoil in
Europe. Europe had witnessed the dramatic
rise of two philosophies, liberalism and
conservatism.
 The liberal nationalists or the educated middle
class planned ways to overthrow monarchy
and bring in a government of the people.
Europe hence saw a series of revolutions in
Italy, Germany, Poland, Turkey and Ireland.

4.  THE GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
 In 1821 in the Greek war of independence, the Greeks
began a nationalist movement.
 Several poets (Lord Byron) and artists supported the
Greek war against the Ottoman Empire.
 After the war, the Treaty of Constantinople was
signed in 1832 and recognized Greece as an
independent nation.

5. ROLE OF CULTURE IN CREATING THE IDEA OF
NATION
The development of nationalism did not come
about only through wars.
Culture played an important role in creating the
idea of the nation.
Art, poetry, stories, and music helped express
and shape nationalist feelings.

6. ROMANTICISM IN EUROPE
 Romanticism was a cultural movement that sought to develop a
particular form of nationalist sentiment in Europe.
 Romantic artists and poets criticised the glorification of reason and
science. They focused on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.
 Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a
common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.
 They also emphasised on vernacular language and local folklore.

7. REVOLT OF 1830 (FRANCE)
 After the Congress of Vienna, France had a constitutional monarchy.
 The royalists thought the king had too little power and liberals and
radicals thought the king had too much power.
 King Charles X believed in absolute monarchy. He rejected the constitution
and tried to become more powerful. He suspended the legislature, limited
voting rights and restricted the press.
 Charles actions led to the revolution in the streets. He fled to England.
 The French revolution of 1830, also known as the July revolution. It
overthrew King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch.

8. THE JULY REVOLUTION (1830)
Louis Philippe installed a CONSTITUTIONAL
MONARCHY .
The July Revolution sparked an uprising in
Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away
from the United Kingdom of Netherlands
Thus Metternich rightly once remarked -
“ When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches
cold”

9. REVOLT OF 1848
(FRANCE)
 The constitutional monarchy was
established in France under Louis
Philippe. Middle class prospered under
his reign but most French still could
not vote.
 Louis Philippe's government was
corrupt. Recession caused
unemployment and rise in bread
prices. French people rioted in the
streets.
 Now the order was restored and the
government changed (again).
 France became a republic with a
constitution and People got voting
rights.
 Louis Napoleon (Napoleons
Bonapartes nephew) became President
of France.

10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REVOLT OF 1830 AND
1848
REVOLUTION OF 1830 REVOLUTION OF 1848
The cause was mainly political and social
inequality present in the society.
The cause was based in economic
hardship and economic inequality which
came out as a result of industrial
revolution and the constitutional
was not able to resolve the problem.
It did not abolish monarchy completely
and established constitutional monarchy.
It completely abolished monarchy and
established a republic form of
government.
It was able to achieve social equality in
society.
It was able to provide political equality in
the society.
It did not establish universal adult
franchise or right to work.
This revolution gave the right to work
granted suffrage to all male above 21.

11. "If there is any period one would desire to be born in, is it
not the age of Revolution; when the old and the new
stand side by side, and admit of being compared; when
the energies of all men are searched by fear and by hope;
when the historic glories of the old can be compensated
by the rich possibilities of the new era?“- EMERSON

12. MIND MAP-LET
US RECALL