The document discusses the memristor, which is the fourth fundamental circuit element along with the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. A memristor is a two-terminal device whose resistance depends on the amount of electric charge that has passed through it. This allows it to remember the value of electric current or voltage over time. Memristors have potential applications for non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing due to their ability to mimic synaptic behavior in neurons. However, challenges remain in developing memristor technology, including a lack of design standards and issues with heat dissipation during writing and reading.

1. MEMRISTOR
Presented By:
Amit kumar
Reg. No- 100101ECR019
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2. MEMRISTOR
• Memristor can be defined as a
two terminal device which shows
the relation between magnetic
flux and charge.
MEMRISTOR SYMBOL
• Fourth fundamental circuit
element.
Memristor
Memory
+
Resistor

3. • A Memristor is a semiconductor whose resistance
varies as a function of flux and charge. This allows
it to remember what has passed through the circuit.
• Characterized by Memristance
V(t) = M(q(t))*I(t)
M(q(t)) =
• Unit - ohm (Ω)
• Memristance is simply charge-dependent resistance

4. The Missing Circuit Element
Voltage
(V)
Resistors
v=Ri
v=dΦ/dt
Capacitors q=Cv
Charge
(q)
Current
(i)
i=dq/dt
Φ = Li Inductors
?
?
Flux (Φ)

5. Memristor
Voltage
(V)
Resistors
v=Ri
v=dΦ/dt
i=dq/dt
Capacitors q=Cv
Charge
(q)
Current
(i)
Φ = Li Inductors
Φ=Mq
Memristors
Flux (Φ)

6. Construction of TiO2 memristor
Pt
TiO2-x
TiO2
Equivalent circuit

7. Working
Tio2-x
Tio2
Ron
Roff

8. Memristor as a memory unit
1 cm3 memristor = 1 terabit

9. Analogy Of Memristor
• The diameter of
pipe remains same
when the current is
switched off, until
it is switched on
again.
• The pipe, when the
current is switched
on again,
remembers what
current has flowed
through it.
A RESISTOR WITH MEMORY
BEHAVES LIKE A PIPE

10. What Sets Memristor Apart ??
• Conventional devices use only 0 and 1 but Memristor can
use any value between 0 and 1.
• Faster than Flash memory.
– Allow digital cameras to take pictures with no delay in
between.
• Innovating nanotechnology due to the fact that it performs
better the smaller it becomes.

11. Property Of Memristor
• Remember (or recall) the last resistance it had,
before being shut off.
• By changing the speed and strength of the
current, it is possible to change the behavior of
the device.
• A fast and hard current causes it to act as a
digital device.
• A soft and slow current causes it to act as an
analog device.

12. Benefits Of Memristor Technology
• Would allow for a quicker boot up since information
is not lost when the device is turned off.
• Creating a Computer that never has to boot up.
• Density allows for more information to be stored.
• Has the capacity to remember the charge that flows
through it at a given point of time.
• No more hard drive and RAM, just Memristor.
• Very high storage and speed.

13. Future Technological Significance
• Pattern recognition.
• New forms signal processing and control systems.
• Memristors can be used to do digital logic using
implication instead of NAND.
• Could lead to replacement of the transistor

14. Major Challenges
• No design standards (rules)
• Needs more defect engineering
• Dissipates heat when written to or read

15. Conclusion
It is sure that Memristor is going to revolute the 21st
century as radically as the transistor in the 20th century But
Memristor will have to wait a few years for a killer app
like transistor which had to wait almost a decade after it’s
invention for the killer app in the form of hearing aids
Finally as Leon O Chua mentioned
“It’s time to rewrite all the EE textbooks”

16. References
 How We Found the Missing Memristor by Stanley Williams, IEEE
Spectrum December 2008.
 L.O, Chua, Memristor-missing circuit clement, IEEE Tans . Circuit
Theory, Vol. 18, 1971, pp. 507-519.
 Memristor and Memristive Systems Symposium, University of California,
Berkeley, November 21,2008.
 Stateful Implication Logic with Memristors by Eero Lehtonen, Mika Laiho
2009 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures
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