The document discusses metamaterials, which are engineered composite structures whose properties depend on geometry rather than chemical composition. It covers topics such as negative refraction index, designs of split ring resonators (SRRs), and various configurations that influence electromagnetic behavior. Additionally, it references several studies and applications related to metamaterials within the microwave and RF ranges.

1. E
k
H
S

2. My name : Khalid Saeed Al-Badri

3. My supervisor
Yrd. Doç. Dr. EVREN EKMEKÇİ
Assistant Professor: Electronics and Communication
Engineering

4. METAMATERIAL BACKGROUND
Do not depend on the chemical
composition
Depend on the geometry of the
structure units. [1]
Metamaterials are artificial
engineered composite structures.
Not commonly found in nature.[2]

5. BACKGROUND
0
0


 



 0
0





 0
0






0
0


 




DPS
MNGENG DNG
SNG
𝜀 , 𝜇

6. METAMATERIAL BACKGROUND

7. NEGATIVE REFRACTION INDEX
How to achieve negative refraction index ?
rrn 
Negative refraction can be achieved when (µr and εr ) are negative
  
)(1
)(
))()((
)()()(
2/2/
rr
rr
j
rr
jj
rr
jj
rr
e
ee
ee















8. RIGHT HANDED & LEFT HANDED
E
H
Right-handed Medium
k S
DPS medium
E
k
H
Left-handed Medium
S
DNG medium

9. NEGATIVE REFRACTION INDEX
DPS
𝑛1 sin 𝜃1 = 𝑛2 sin 𝜃2
DNG
2


10. NEGATIVE REFRACTION INDEX
Fig. 1. (a) Calculated ray-tracing image of a metal rod in an empty drinking glass. (b) Same
scenery, but the glass is filled with normal water, n 1.3 , leading to ordinary refraction. (c)
The water is replaced by “water” with a fictitious refractive index of n  1.3 .[5]
*Gunnar Dolling and Martin Wegener :Photorealistic images of objects in effective negative-index materials, 6 March 2006 / Vol. 14, No. 5 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1843

11. OTHER NAMES
Negative Refraction Index Material
Backward Material
Double Negative Material
Left handed Material
E
k
H
S

12. INVERSE DOPPLER EFFECT

13. NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY
T
THIN WIRE MESH MEDIA
The EM wave:
perpendicular to the
wires
The wires behaves as
an ideal plasma
E
H
P

14. NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY
T
THE IMPORTANT THINKS IN THIN WIRE MESH MEDIA
The lattice constant a
a << λ
The radius of wire
r << a

15. 𝜺 𝒓𝒛 = 𝜺 𝟎 𝟏 −
𝒌 𝒑
𝟐
𝒌 𝟎
𝟐−𝒌 𝒛
𝟐
z
y
x
𝒌 𝒑
𝟐
= 𝝎 𝒑
𝟐
𝜺 𝟎 𝝁 𝟎 ,
𝜸 𝟐
= 𝒌 𝟎
𝟐
− 𝒌 𝒛
𝟐
,
𝜸 = 𝑹/𝑳
𝒌 𝟎
𝟐
= 𝝎 𝟐
𝜺 𝟎 𝝁 𝟎 ,
𝒌 𝒛 is the wavevector along the wires’
axis
NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY

16. SCHELKUNOFF CONFIGURATION
X
y
H
Metallic
closed
loop
Loading
loop with
capacitor.
Will get -μ
above
resonance
f

17. SCHELKUNOFF CONFIGURATION
Difficult manufacture at microwave frequencies
May be needed hundreds or, perhaps,
thousands of elements
The disadvantage in this design

18. SPLIT RING RESONATOR (SRR)
The dimensions of SRR
is very small comparing
with waveleng
SRR owns –𝝁 within a
frequency band (narrow
bandwidth) and near the
resonant frequency of
the single SRR

19. EDGE-COUPLED (EC-SRR)
EC-SRR
Print it on
dielectric
board
Two
metallic
rings
Make smalls
cut in each
rings
Put a space
between two
rings

20. EDGE-COUPLED (EC-SRR)
EC-SRR EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:
• The two rings works as
capacitor
• The slot behave as an
electric dielectric
• The high distributed of
charge at the end of ring’s
cut

21. EDGE-COUPLED (EC-SRR)
Self-inductance
capacitance 𝝅𝒓𝑪 𝒑𝒖𝒍
𝒓 = 𝒓 𝒆𝒙𝒕 − 𝒄 − 𝒅/𝟐
𝑪 𝒑𝒖𝒍 : Capacitance
per unit length
The total capacitance
𝑪
𝟐
𝝎 𝟎 =
𝟐
𝑳𝑪
=
𝟐
𝝅𝒓𝑪 𝒑𝒖𝒍 𝑳

22. EDGE-COUPLED (EC-SRR)
The frequency of resonance cannot be
made too small.
Cannot be reduced in practice
much smaller than 𝝀/𝟏𝟎
Cpul cannot be increased too much
by reducing d

23. EDGE-COUPLED (EC-SRR)
Cross-polarization effects in the EC-SRR
Electric and
magnetic excitation.
Magnetic excitation
only.
Electric excitation
only.
No excitation.

24. THE BROADSIDE-COUPLED SRR BC-SRR
Two
metallic
rings
printed
at both
sides
Both
sides of
dielectric

25. THE BROADSIDE-COUPLED SRR BC-SRR
Frequency of resonance and normalized electrical size (2rext/ 𝜆)
for several EC-SRRs external radius rext = 0.6 mm and ring width
c= 0.2mm, printed on several dielectric substrates

26. THE NONBIANISOTROPIC SRR NB-SRR
Avoid EC-SRR
bianisotropy.
f of resonance and
equivalent circuit same
as of EC-SRR with similar
dimensions.

27. THE NONBIANISOTROPIC SRR NB-SRR
Electric and magnetic
excitation.
Magnetic excitation
only.
No excitation.
No excitation.

28. SPIRALS 2-SR
fresonance=
𝟏
𝟐
frequency of EC-SRR.
The electrical size can still be
reduced by increasing the number
of turns
2-SR nonbianisotropic design.

29. SWISS ROLL
Anisotropic metamaterial.[3]
It is well suited to operation in (RF) range, because it has a
low resonant frequency and a strong magnetic response.[4]
Example: Swiss Roll
material operating at
21.5 MHz for which
λ/a > 1000 (where a
is the unit cell size).

30. DOUBLE-SIDED SRR (DSRR)
EC-SRR(1)
dielectric
board
EC-SRR(2)

31. EFFECTIVE MEDIUM
There are many possible periodic or nonperiodic combinations of
SRRs that provide an effective medium

32. EFFECTIVE MEDIUM
𝝎 𝟏 = 𝝎 𝟎 𝟏 +
𝜶 𝒆
𝟑𝑲𝜺 𝟎 𝒂 𝟑
+
𝝁 𝟎 𝜶 𝒎
𝟑𝒂 𝟑
−𝟏
Where:
𝑲 = 𝟏 −
𝜶 𝟎
𝟑𝒂 𝟑 𝜺 𝟎
,
𝜶 𝒎 =
𝝅 𝟐 𝒓 𝟒
𝑳
,
𝜶 𝒆 = 𝟒𝒅 𝟐
𝒆𝒇𝒇
𝒓 𝟐
𝑪 𝒑𝒖𝒍
𝟐
𝑳
𝝎 𝟎
𝟐
𝝎
𝟐

33. METAMATERIAL BASED ON THIN WIRES AND SRRS

34. REFERENCES
[1] Tatjana Asenov,Nebojša Dončovm ,Bratislav Milovanović: Application of Metamaterials for the Microwave Antenna
Realisations, SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2012, 1-7
[2] MARQUES, RICARDO , FERRAN MARTIN and MARIO SOROLLA. Metamaterials with Negative Parameters:
Theory, Design, and Microwave Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.
[3] M. C. K. Wiltshire and J. V. Hajnal, Metamaterial endoscope for magnetic field transfer: near field imaging with
magnetic wires, 2003 OSA 7 April 2003 / Vol. 11, No. 7 / OPTICS EXPRESS 713
[4] M C Kwiltshire, J B Pendry, An effective medium description of 'Swiss Rolls', a magnetic metamaterial, IOP
PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER, 19 (2007) 456216 (16pp)
[5] Gunnar Dolling and Martin Wegener :Photorealistic images of objects in effective negative-index materials, 6 March
2006 / Vol. 14, No. 5 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1843
[6] A. Ishimaru, S. Jaruwatanadilok, and Y. Kuga by there research ( GENERALIZED SURFACE PLASMON
RESONANCE SENSORS USING METAMATERIALS AND NEGATIVE INDEX MATERIALS) Progress In
Electromagnetics Research, PIER 51, 139–152, 2005