BIMS1043 Principle of Management Islam

1. CHAPTER 6: LEADING
By: Captain Dr. Mohd Adib Abd Muin
Islamic Business School (IBS), UUM
mohdadib@uum.edu.my
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2. Content
6.0 Leading in Islam
6.1 The nature of leadership in
Islam
6.2 Evidence from primary sources
6.3 Leadership development and
issues (Sharia and various point
of views)
6.4 Team Dynamics and
Communication
Organizational Power, Politics
and Conflict
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3. Introduction
• Islamic leadership does not rely for its legitimacy upon traditional
authority, but rather on rational–legal systems based on unity of purpose,
acknowledgement of the one God (Allah SWT), and the foundational
example of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), whose referent and charismatic
authority lives on in discussions of the sunnah and the hadith.
• Leadership in Islam is based on the principle of trust(Amanah). The leader
is trusted to lead a group and is accountable to both the group members
and to God. ... Trust and accountability go in tandem. Islam emphasizes
accountability to God and to the people who one has been trusted to lead.
• Good leaders are good followers, humble, piety, truthful, simple and they
realise that success only comes from Allah, the Almighty. There is a system
of leadership in Islam so the leaders are to be obeyed, and they call to the
truth.
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4. What is the importance of leadership in Islam?
• Leadership is important in regulating for a better and more secure
human life. It is the process which mobilizes an individual or society
to achieve the desired objectives. Thus, it plays an important role in
building a society or state which is administered based on Islamic
principles and procedures.
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5. What did the Prophet Muhammad say about
leadership?
• The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) once said: “The leader of a people
is their servant.” He demonstrated this throughout his life from
personally building his Mosque to partaking in digging during the
battle of the Trench (Khandaq). He was not a self serving leader but in
service of a higher cause.
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6. Quran verse About Leadership
"It is out of God’s mercy that you have been lenient with them. Had you been
rough, hard-hearted, they would surely have scattered away from you. So
pardon them, and pray for their forgiveness, and take counsel from them in
matters of importance. And when you are resolved on a course of action,
place your trust in God; surely God loves those who put their trust (in Him). If
God helps you none shall prevail over you; if He forsakes you then who can
help you? It is in God that the believers should put their trust."
(Ali-Imran, 3: 159-160)
“Leadership in Islam is rooted in belief and willing submission to the Creator,
Allah. And We made them leaders, guiding Our command; and We inspired
them to do good work, and to observe the prayer, and to give out charity.
They were devoted savant to Us (Allah).
(Al-Anbiya’, 21:73).
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7. Hadith
َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ َّ
‫اَّلل‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ص‬ ِِّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ة‬ َ‫ْر‬‫ي‬ َ‫ر‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬َ‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ي‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ج‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫إ‬
‫اْل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ َّ‫َز‬‫ع‬ ِ َّ
‫اَّلل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫و‬‫إ‬‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬
‫إ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬‫إ‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ ِ
‫ر‬‫إ‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬‫ر‬ُ‫م‬‫إ‬‫أ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫ج‬َ‫أ‬
ُ‫ه‬
• 1841
‫به‬ ‫ويتقى‬ ‫ورائه‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقاتل‬ ‫جنة‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫باب‬ ‫اإلمارة‬ ‫كتاب‬ ‫مسلم‬ ‫صحيح‬
• Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,
said, “Verily, the leader is only a shield behind whom they fight and
he protects them. If he commands the fear of Allah the Exalted and
justice, then he will have a reward. If he commands something else,
then it will be against him.” (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1841)
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8. 6.1: The Nature of Leadership in Islam
Leadership is a function that carried out by leaders or managers.
“Leadership is the ability to persuadeothers and motivates
them toward goals.
Leaders :A person influences others to accomplish an
objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more
cohesive and coherent.
the leaders must apply good ethics, good in giving the direction, and
have a strong vision of the future.
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9. According to the Islamic view, leadership is a spiritual position
Solve the problems of humanity and guide them to the eternal betterment of
dunya and akhirat (hereafter)
 Lead the followers, the humanity from the brink of destruction to the way of Allah.
Islam exposes leadership as a psychological contract between a leader and his
followers that he will try his best to:
a. guide them,
b. to protect them and
c. to treat them fairly and with justice.
d. Hence, the focus of leadership in Islam is on doing good.
An Islamic leadership is to the one that seeks happiness for the individual and
society. (Al-Buraey)
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10. Conventional & Islamic
Leadership
Conventional Leadership Islamic Leadership
the goal is just to solve the problem, does not bother
whether the policy is harmful for the others or not.
leader has to think about the humanity and the
satisfaction of Allah the Almighty.
leadership is rule-bound and situational. It is a formal
duty to perform.
leadership as a divine responsibility
procedures are maintained in the modern formation by
the leaders
procedure runs with the co-operation of both leader
and followers.
decision making process mainly depends upon the
leader.
does not permit a leader to make a decision without
any kind of consultation
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11. 6.2: Evidence from Primary Sources
“Wahai Daud, sesungguhnya Kami telah menjadikanmu
khalifah di bumi, maka jalankanlah hukum di antara
manusia dengan (hukum syariat) yang benar (yang
diwahyukan kepadamu); dan janganlah engkau menurut
hawa nafsu, kerana yang demikian itu akan
menyesatkanmu dari jalan Allah. Sesungguhnya
orang-orang yang sesat dari jalan Allah, akan beroleh
azab yang berat pada hari hitungan amal,
disebabkan mereka melupakan (jalan Allah) itu.” (Saad
38:26)
“Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, taatlah kamu
kepada Allah dan taatlah kamu kepada Rasulullah dan
kepada "Ulil-Amri" (orang-orang yang berkuasa) dari
kalangan kamu.” (An-Nisa 4:49)
Leading
in Quran
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12. 6.3: Leadership Development & Issues
Leader
Characteristic
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13. The 11 Prophetic Leadership Qualities
• Drawing on our analysis of the Sirah, and integrating the work of multiple researchers worldwide,
most notably that of John Adair—the world’s first professor of leadership, who wrote on the
Leadership of Muhammad in 2011, we identified a comprehensive list of over 50 prophetic
leadership qualities.
• We then critically reviewed these to seek the top 10. After extensive filtering, merging and
examining the list against Sirah based evidence, we arrived at 11 qualities, and concluded each of
these 11 were vital, and hence would form our definitive list.
• That list is as follows:
1. Integrity & Trust—built a reputation for honesty and truthfulness; role modelled
2. Vision—a strategic mind offering vision and direction through inspiration
3. Courage—showed incredible bravery and confidence in the face of adversity
4. Competence—was effective, reliable and made an impact
5. Fairness—was just and meritocratic in dealings including with non-Muslims
6. Decisiveness—would not sit on the fence, but consider options then make a clear decision
7. Servant-leadership—led by example; faced hardship with the people; action not just words
8. Wisdom—able to make considered judgement drawing on knowledge and long-term view
9. Patience—showed deep resilience, forgiveness and ability to go all the way
10. Compassion and Warmth—radiated heart, affection, appreciation and gentleness
11. Emotional and Spiritual intelligence—able to inspire hope; give people purpose and meaning
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14. Intelligent
Good
Physical
& Ability
Full of
Wisdom
1
3
2
Al- Farabi
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15. Allama
Burhanuddin
Murgenani
Perfect
Knowledge
(syariah)
Reciting the
holy Quran
Great
consciousness
of Allah
(taqwa)
Elderly
person
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16. Pre-requisites of a good leader into
three categories
IMAN
The leader must believe in the core
Islamic beliefs, and considered as a
true Muslim by his words and deeds
MAN
Woman as the leader is not good at
all for the Muslim Ummah
MATURITY
Mental and physical strength
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17. 6.4: Team Dynamics and Communication
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18. Organizational Power, Politics and
Conflict
POWER
Ability to influence other behavior
Legitimate Power
- Based on position
Referent Power
- Based on power relationship
with others
Information Power
-Others need for data
Expert Power
-Skill and knowledge
POLITIC
Process gaining and using power
Networking
-Developing relationship for
socializing & career building
Reciprocity
- Cooperation to achieve mutual
goals
Partnership
- To achieve goals
CONFLICT
Exist for disagreement
Functional Conflict
-Disagreement upon
organization's goals
Dysfunctional Conflict
-Exist when conflict prevent the
achievement of organization.
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19. Decision-Making, Conflict and Negotiation
Shura (Consultation):
• It means the quality to share the views and exchange of opinions in
any vital matter.
• A complete leader possesses this quality of discussion. As we see in
the history of early Islamic leadership that not a single decision was
made without consulting the followers.
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20. Words of Wisdom
Imam Al Ghazali—a master of character development, who deeply
understood Prophetic leadership, recognised the need to set an
example as a leader. He said in his famous advice to rulers: “If a king is
upright… his officials will be upright, but if he is dishonest, negligent,
and comfort-seeking… officers implementing his policies will soon
become slothful and corrupt.”
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21. Activity 6
1. Choose 1 your favorite leader
2. Explain how his/her leadership influence yourself
3. Complete this task in word and attach at online learning/ whatsapp
group.
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