The document provides Islamic guidance on leadership, emphasizing the importance of serving as agents of Allah and performing duties with integrity and righteousness. It defines a leader as one who organizes and influences towards achieving the goals of an Islamic organization, while also highlighting the moral and character qualities essential for effective leadership. Key teachings from the Quran and Hadith stress obedience, consultation (Shura), justice, and the responsibilities of both leaders and followers.

1. Islamic Guidance on Leadership

2. الحمد لله و الصلاة و السلام على رسول الله

3. Quranوَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَكُمْ خَلائِفَ الأرْضِ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَكُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ سَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌIt is He Who hath made you (His) agents, inheritors of the earth: He hath raised you in ranks, some above others: that He may try you in the gifts He hath given you: for thy Lord is quick in punishment: yet He is indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.Al-Qur'an, 6.165 (Al-Anaam)

4. Definition of leader in IslamA- At individual level: strives to be ahead of others to seek the pleasure of Allah (SWT). سَابِقُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَاءِ وَالأرْضِ أُعِدَّتْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ذَلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ Be ye foremost (in seeking) Forgiveness from your Lord, and a Garden (of Bliss), the width whereof is as the width of heaven and earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah and His messengers: that is the Grace of Allah, which He bestows on whom he pleases: and Allah is the Lord of Grace abounding. Hadid 57:21

5. B- A Leader in Islamic OrganizationA Leader is one who:Organizes

6. Physical assets

7. Intellectual assets

8. Provides guidance

9. Influences

10. Actions

11. BehaviorsAchieves set goals

12. Goal of Islamic Organizationوَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا Thus, have We made of you an Ummah justly balanced, that ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves; Al Baqarah 2:143

13. Quran on leadershipالَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الأرْضِ أَقَامُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَلِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الأمُورِ(They are) those who, if We establish them in the land, establish regular prayer and give regular charity, enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with Allah rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs.Al-Qur'an, 022.041 (Al-Hajj [The Pilgrimage])

14. Leadership in Qur’anأَهُمْ يَقْسِمُونَ رَحْمَةَ رَبِّكَ نَحْنُ قَسَمْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ مَعِيشَتَهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَرَفَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ لِيَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا سُخْرِيًّا وَرَحْمَةُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ Is it they who would portion out the Mercy of thy Lord? It is We Who portion out between them their livelihood in the life of this world: and We raise some of them above others in ranks, so that some may command work from others. But the Mercy of thy Lord is better than the (wealth) which they amass. Al-Qur'an, 043.032 (Az-Zukhruf)

15. Leadership in Hadith أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ الْإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وَمَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهَا وَالْخَادِمُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ قَالَ وَحَسِبْتُ أَنْ قَدْ قَالَ وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ أَبِيهِ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ“Behold! Everyone of you is a leader and you shall be asked about those you lead. Imam is a leader over the people and shall be asked about them; a man is a leader of the house and shall be asked about his household ; a woman is a leader over her children and she shall be asked about them.” (Reported Abdullah Bin Omar in Bukhari and Muslim ).

16. Hadith- Best and worst amongst the leaders عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ خِيَارُ أَئِمَّتِكُمْ الَّذِينَ تُحِبُّونَهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَكُمْ وَيُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَتُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَشِرَارُ أَئِمَّتِكُمْ الَّذِينَ تُبْغِضُونَهُمْ وَيُبْغِضُونَكُمْ وَتَلْعَنُونَهُمْ وَيَلْعَنُونَكُمْ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَلَا نُنَابِذُهُمْ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَالَ لَا مَا أَقَامُوا فِيكُمْ الصَّلَاةَ وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْ وُلَاتِكُمْ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ فَاكْرَهُوا عَمَلَهُ وَلَا تَنْزِعُوا يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ Muslim: 3447

17. Leadership in HadithProphet (SAW) said the following regarding leadership in an Islamic Jamaah:“Whosoever obeyed the leader, he obeyed me and whosoever disobeyed the leader, he disobeyed me.” (Muslim)“I order you of five things: to be with Al Jamaah, to listen (to the leaders), to obey (the leader’s orders), Hijrah (migration) and Jihad .” (Ahmad , Tirmizi)“If one dies and there is no ring of Bayah (pledge of allegiance) in his neck,he died in Jahiliya ( that is out of Islam.). (Muslim).

18. Ahadith related to leadership“Whenever three of you are traveling, you should elect one as your leader.” (Abu Dawood)“Listening to and obeying ( the commands of the leader) is obligatory upon a Muslim whether he likes it or not as long as it is not in the disobedience of Allah (SWT).When a command is given in the disobedience of Allah (SWT), then there is no listening and no obedience.” (Bukhari and Muslim).

19. Pre-requisites Taqwahيَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things). Hujurat,49:13No desire or struggle to seek leadership

20. Qualities of effective leadershipInfluence - Creates a vision of the future - Rational strategy to move to the vision -Enlists the support of workersAbility to motivate core group of people

21. Authority

22. Clear authority must be given by the people and/or by the by-lawsRespect & Popularity (due to character and conduct)

23. The effectiveness of leadership depends on the following:I-Personality and character of the leader.II-Quality of the workers.III-Quality and atmosphere of the Jamaah.

24. Effectiveness of Leadership

25. I-The importance of the personality and characteristics of a leader:Leader is the symbol of the organization and represents its nature and quality.Leader is the center of authority.Leader is the driving force for the Jamaah.

26. Moral basis of leadership in Islam

27. 5 Required Qualities of Leadership AMANAH BIRR MUJAHIDA A’HAD A’DAL

28. Characteristics of LeaderShar’i ( Spiritual)Tab’i ( Administrative)Iman or faith in AllahIslam or practice of IslamTaqwah or conscious of AllahIhsan or love of AllahItqan or excellenceAmanah or trustworthinessBirr or righteousnessMujahida or constant struggleA’hador keeping promisesA’dalor justiceInnovationProper management of peopleJudicious use of organizational assetsKeeping good organizational environmentQuality of managementFinancial soundnessLong term planQuality of servicesGlobal thinking

29. Habits of successful leader

30. Styles of Leadership4 Styles1. Autocrat- issues orders to be fulfilled with no questions.2. Benevolent Autocrat- listens to others, gives impression of being democratic and makes his own decisions.3- Democrat- Shares decision making, explains reasons for personal decisions, objectively communicates criticism and praise.4- Laissez-faire- has little confidence in himself, sets no goals for the group, minimizes communication and group interaction.

31. 3 Basic operational principles of Islamic leadershipShura وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَThose who hearken to their Lord, and establish regular Prayer; who (conduct) their affairs by mutual Consultation; who spend out of what We bestow on them for Sustenance. Shura,42:38Justice and fairness in dealing with individuals and dispute solving.يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ ye who believe! stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do. 5:8Freedom of thought and Muhasibah

32. Responsibilities of LeadershipParticipationThis includes:Planning- leader should chalk out a plan answering the what, when, where, how and who questions.Implementation of plans- This will include assignments and allocation of resources in order to carry out the plan which is meant to accomplish set goals. Follow up

33. CommunicationLeader must communicate at three levels:With higher bodiesWith workersWith experts of different fieldsWith different ages/ethnicities/gendersProblem SolvingLeader must address problems:By proper place/time/setting/forum

34. With proper mutual understanding/consultation

35. With authority when necessary Develop resources and fulfill needs with those resourcesMaintain disciplineThis includes:Ways to strengthen Jama’t by strengthening membership ties Preventative measuresImplement disciplinary action against violators appropriately-efficiently and effectively

36. II-Follower’s characteristics1-Obedience of Ameerيَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الأمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلاO ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination. Nisa 4:59

37. Hadith on Obedience of Ameer عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ فِيمَا أَحَبَّ وَكَرِهَ مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَإِنْ أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا سَمْعَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا طَاعَةَ Tirmidhiوَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌIbn-Umar (R) reported that the Prophet (SAW) said,” Listening to and obeying (the Ameer) is obligatory upon a Muslim whether he likes it or dislikes it as long as he is not commanded something sinful. If it is sinful command then he does not have to listen or obey.

38. 2-Dynamic Followingالَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمْ أُولُو الألْبَابِThose who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it: those are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the ones endued with understanding. Zumar, 39:18

39. 3-Unityوَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَلا تَفَرَّقُوا وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنْتُمْ أَعْدَاءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُمْ بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا وَكُنْتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ فَأَنْقَذَكُمْ مِنْهَا كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ And hold fast, all together, by the rope which Allah (stretches out for you), and be not divided among yourselves; and remember with gratitude Allah's favour on you; for ye were enemies and He joined your hearts in love, so that by His Grace, ye became brethren; and ye were on the brink of the pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. Thus doth Allah make His Signs clear to you: That ye may be guided. Ale-Imran, 3:103

40. Types of followers

41. Understanding of Workers and Followersleader must understand:Level of knowledge and understanding of the organizationLevel of attachment to the causeLevel of commitment for the missionAreas of interestProductive focusesSensitivities

42. Points to remember aboutworkersSome workers need clear guidelines for their assignment.Workers who have the knowledge and experience like to work with some broad guidelines.Those who are less active may need motivation.Those who violate the principles may needdisciplinary action when appropriate.

43. III- Situation characteristics or atmosphere of the organization1- Leader/worker relation: When there is trust and respect of the leader, situation is favorable.2- Task structure: Tasks could be simple or complex, routine, temporary or of emergent nature. Leader has to assume a greater role in guiding the process.3- Work groups stage of development: In initial stages, workers need more direction than when they become cohesive and autonomous.

44. Situation Characteristics4-Organization’s climate and policies: Islamic organization with proper climate and training will not need that much check up for Islamic behavior. 5-Maturity level of members: It relates to their ability to set challenging goals and then willingness to accept responsibility. Example of Hudhayfa Ibn Yaman ®.