CCS355 Neural Networks & Deep Learning Unit 1 PDF notes with Question bank .pdf
Ieee pes psrc
1. Security and Reliability in Generation; Key to
National Economic Growth
Security and Reliability in Generation; Key to
National Economic Growth
Protecting the Asset
and the Revenue Stream
Protecting the Asset
and the Revenue Stream
Beckwith Electric Co.
2. Security and Reliability
InIn ourour personalpersonal liveslives,, thethe WordWord ofof GodGod
isis fundamental; infundamental; in ourour professionalprofessional
liveslives thethe worksworks ofof thethe IEEE areIEEE are keykey..
IfIf wewe readread andand followfollow thethe instructioninstruction
bookbook,, wewe cancan’’t go wrong.t go wrong.
ThusThus,, letlet’’s begin.s begin.
3. IEEE PES PSRC - www.pes-psrc.org
Security and Reliability
23. Security and Reliability
August 14th Blackout:
Causes and
Recommendations
Appendix B
Description of Outage
Investigation and
Process for
Development of
Recommendations
Page 184
The Generator Performance team sent out anThe Generator Performance team sent out an
extensive data request to generator owners duringextensive data request to generator owners during
Phase I of the investigation, but did not receive thePhase I of the investigation, but did not receive the
bulk of the responses until Phase II. The analysis inbulk of the responses until Phase II. The analysis in
this report uses the time of generator trip as it wasthis report uses the time of generator trip as it was
reported by the plant owner, or the time when thereported by the plant owner, or the time when the
generator ceased feeding power into the grid asgenerator ceased feeding power into the grid as
determined by a system monitoring device, anddetermined by a system monitoring device, and
synchronized those times to other known grid eventssynchronized those times to other known grid events
as best as possible. However, many generationas best as possible. However, many generation
owners offered little information on the cause of unitowners offered little information on the cause of unit
trips or key information on conditions at their units,trips or key information on conditions at their units,
so it may never be possible to fully determine whatso it may never be possible to fully determine what
happened to all the generators affected by thehappened to all the generators affected by the
blackout, and why they performed as they did. Inblackout, and why they performed as they did. In
particular, it is not clear what point in time eachparticular, it is not clear what point in time each
reported generator trip time reflectsreported generator trip time reflects—— i.e., when ini.e., when in
the cycle between when the generator first detectedthe cycle between when the generator first detected
the condition which caused it to trip, or severalthe condition which caused it to trip, or several
seconds later when it actually stopped feeding powerseconds later when it actually stopped feeding power
into the grid. This lack of clear data hamperedinto the grid. This lack of clear data hampered
effective investigation of generator issues.effective investigation of generator issues.
24. Area of current reversalPhasor diagram with
values display
Phasor display shown at
at Marker #1 location
Waveform Capture and Analysis (Phasor)
Generator Protection Upgrade
25. Marker #2
Marker #1
Impedance Trajectory
Over Record
Power Trajectory
Over Record
Power Value at Marker #1
Power Value at Marker #2
Impedance Values
at Marker #1
Impedance Values
at Marker #2
Waveform Capture and Analysis (Power and Impedance)
Generator Protection Upgrade
26. Event Log (512 Events)Pick up, drop out, trip
Event #, Date, Time
I/O Status
Voltages
Currents
Impedance,
Sync Info
Event Log (512) Events
Generator Protection Upgrade
27. Importance of OscillographyImportance of Oscillography
and Event Reportsand Event Reports
Security and Reliability
•• PermitPermit returnreturn toto serviceservice ofof aa machinemachine afterafter anan analysisanalysis
concludingconcluding thatthat thethe eventevent ifif recoverablerecoverable..
•• BUTBUT PreventPrevent returnreturn toto serviceservice ofof aa machinemachine ifif thethe
analysisanalysis indicatesindicates thatthat therethere isis aa faultfault thatthat requiresrequires
furtherfurther investigationinvestigation..
Before going back on line,Before going back on line,
It is necessary to perform an analysis !It is necessary to perform an analysis !
28. Security and Reliability
COORDINATION OF GENERATOR PROTECTIONCOORDINATION OF GENERATOR PROTECTION
WITH GENERATOR EXCITATION CONTROLWITH GENERATOR EXCITATION CONTROL
AND GENERATOR CAPABILITYAND GENERATOR CAPABILITY
Working Group J-5 of the Rotating Machinery
Subcommittee, Power System Relay Committee
Chair: Chuck Mozina Vice Chair: Mike Reichard
Members: Z. Bukhala S. Conrad, T. Crawley, J. Gardell, R. Hamilton, I.
Hasenwinkle, D. Herbst, L. Henriksen, G. Johnson, P. Kerrigan, S.
Khan, G. Kobet, P. Kumar, S. Patel, B. Nelson, D. Sevcik, M.
Thompson, J. Uchiyama, S. Usman, P. Waudby, M. Yalla
29. Security and Reliability
MOST BLACKOUTS ARE DUE TO VOLTAGE COLLAPSE.
GENERATORS ARE THE MAJOR SYSTEM SOURCE OF REACTIVE
POWER.
INVESTIGATIONS HAVE INDICATED THAT THE FULL GENERATOR
REACTIVE CAPABILITY CAN BE LIMITED BY IMPROPER GENERATOR
CONTROL AND PROTECTION SETTINGS.
RECENT MISOPERATION OF GENERATOR PROTECTION DURING
MAJOR DISTURBANCES HIGHLIGHT THE NEED FOR BETTER
COORDINATION.
NEED TO PROVIDE PRACTICAL GUIDANCE IN PROVIDING
COORDINATION OF GENERATOR PROTECTION WITH CONTROL SO
AS NOT TO UNNECESSARILY LIMIT GENERATOR ABILITY TO
PROVIDE SYSTEM REACTIVE SUPPORT.
WHY THE WORKING GROUP WAS STARTED:WHY THE WORKING GROUP WAS STARTED:
30. Security and Reliability
PROVIDE INDUSTRY GUIDANCE TO BETTER COORDINATE
GENERATOR PROTECTION WITH CONTROL.
SPECIFICALLY, THE COORDINATION WITH EXCITATION SYSTEM
CONTROL AND GENERATOR CAPABILITY.
MAKE RELAY ENGINEERS AWARE OF THE PROTECTION THAT MAY
RESIDE WITH THE GENERATOR EXCITATION SYSTEM.
PROVIDE A TUTORIAL ON THE INTERACTION OF EXCITATION
CONTROL WITH GENERATOR PROTECTION.
PROVIDE INPUT INTO NERC’S DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSED
GUIDELINES.
WORKING GROUP ASSIGNMENT:WORKING GROUP ASSIGNMENT:
32. Protection - Security, Dependability
and Reliability
Security and Reliability
In Life:In Life:
God, grant us theGod, grant us the patiencepatience to accept the things we cannot changeto accept the things we cannot change
TheThe couragecourage to change the things we canto change the things we can
And theAnd the wisdomwisdom to know the difference.to know the difference.
In Protections:In Protections:
SecuritySecurity –– DonDon’’t trip when you shouldnt trip when you shouldn’’t.t.
DependabilityDependability –– Trip when you should.Trip when you should.
ReliabilityReliability –– TheThe wisdomwisdom to know the difference.to know the difference.
33. GERENCIA REGIONAL DE PRODUCCIGERENCIA REGIONAL DE PRODUCCIÓÓN SURESTEN SURESTE
SUBGERENCIA REGIONAL DE GENERACISUBGERENCIA REGIONAL DE GENERACIÓÓN TERMOELECTRICA PENINSULARN TERMOELECTRICA PENINSULAR
CENTRAL FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTOCENTRAL FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTO
34. GERENCIA REGIONAL DE PRODUCCIGERENCIA REGIONAL DE PRODUCCIÓÓN SURESTEN SURESTE
SUBGERENCIA REGIONAL DE GENERACISUBGERENCIA REGIONAL DE GENERACIÓÓN TERMOELECTRICA PENINSULARN TERMOELECTRICA PENINSULAR
CENTRAL FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTOCENTRAL FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTO
Punto 2.- Problemática
Unidad
Disponibilidad Factor de Planta
Real Real
Propia
Meta Real Meta
2.1 DEFINICIÓN DE LA PROBLEMÁTICA
ESTANDO ENLAZADOS LOS AUXILIARES DE LA TURBINA DE
VAPOR A UNA TURBINA DE GAS, ANTE UN EVENTO DE
DISPARO DE LA TURBINA DE GAS SE GENERA UN COMANDO
DE INICIACION POR PROTECCION AL MODULO DE
TRANSFERENCIA.
REALIZÁNDOSE EN UN TIEMPO DE TRANSFERENCIA DE 140
MILISEG, LO QUE OCASIONA EL DISPARO DE LOS EQUIPOS
AUXILIARES DE LA TURBINA DE VAPOR POR PROTECCIÓN DE
BAJO VOLTAJE DERIVANDO EN EL DISPARO DE LA UNIDAD 3.
35. GERENCIA REGIONAL DE PRODUCCIGERENCIA REGIONAL DE PRODUCCIÓÓN SURESTEN SURESTE
SUBGERENCIA REGIONAL DE GENERACISUBGERENCIA REGIONAL DE GENERACIÓÓN TERMOELECTRICA PENINSULARN TERMOELECTRICA PENINSULAR
CENTRAL FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTOCENTRAL FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTO
Punto 2.- Problemática
Unidad
Disponibilidad Factor de Planta
Real Real
Propia
Meta Real Meta
2.1 DEFINICIÓN DE LA PROBLEMÁTICA
Since the auxiliaries for the steam turbine and the gas
turbine are interconnected, before a gas turbine trip,
the protection generates an initiate command to the
transfer module.
The transfer time of 140 milliseconds causes a trip of the
steam turbine auxiliary equipment by undervoltage
protection resulting in the trip of Unit 3 (the steam
turbine).
