The First Amendment Essay

The First Amendment Essay
The First Amendment
The 1st Amendment forbids Congress from enacting laws that would regulate speech or press before
publication or punish after publication. At various times many states passed laws in contradiction to
the freedoms guaranteed in the 1st Amendment. However broadcast has always been considered a
special exemption to free speech laws for two reasons. 1) the most important reasons is the scarcity
of spectrum and the 2) is the persuasiveness of the medium. Because radio and TV come into the
house, and may be heard or seen by unsupervised children, the government feels a special
responsibility to protect the American people. As Herbert Hoover said to, "doublegaurd them."
This is the main reason why the Federal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This new law will change the rules for competition and regulation in the communications industry.
Some the rules and regulations that they do enforce are;
 Retention of Material Broadcast
 Station Identification
 Broadcasts by Candidates for Public Office.
 Political Editorials
 Children's Television Programming.
 Commercial TV Airing / Amount of Advertising
 Obscenity and Indecency
 Broadcast Hoaxes
 Requirement to Maintain a Public Inspection File
Retention of Material Broadcast
The FCCC generally do not require stations to keep the material they broadcast except on the policy
for personal attacks and political editorials. Personal attacks occur when, during broadcast on a
controversial issue, when someone attacks the honesty, character, or integrity of a person or group.
The rule states that no more than a week after the personal attack. The station must send out the
following three things to the person or group attacked: (1) notification of the date, time, and
identification of the broadcast; (2) a tape, script or accurate summary of the attack; and (3) an offer
of a reasonable opportunity to respond on the air.
Station Identification
Stations must make identification announcements when they sign on and off for the day. They must
also make the announcements hourly, as close to the hour as possible, or at a natural

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Structural Changes To Programming To Attract Audiences .
Structural Changes to Programming to Attract Audiences Not only do product placements,
intertextual references, and sponsored programming, demonstrate that advertising on commercial
media is the "real" content or focus of commercial media, as propaganda promoting commercialism,
the changing of the structure of programming in efforts to direct attention to advertisements also
demonstrates this focus. The structure of television programming often consists of cliff hangers, the
use of commercial breaks, banners, and sensationalism to attract as many audience members as
possible. In Paul Nesbitt–Larking's book Politics, Society, and the Media, he quotes political and
communications scholar Dallas Smythe who "refers to television programming ... Show more
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However, attracting audiences is not the only purpose of the content. In fact, many media
professionals who write and produce these programs, argue that they are behaving in an integral
manner and maintaining neutrality and objectivity to their fullest abilities (Nesbitt–Larking: 2009:
p.158). Moreover, there are many techniques news programs use that, while helping the program
stay within the time limits, add neutrality and professionalism to the content of the news. For
instance, in panel discussions on live news programming, like those on CNN, offer opinions from
experts on the issue at hand and allow speakers from varying positions on the matter to add
objectivity and neutrality (Nesbitt–Larking: 2009: p.158). Similarly, there is focus on live visual and
audio content, which adds evidence to the story the journalist focuses on.
On the other hand, while this news content offers information, it still focuses on attracting audiences
for advertisers. As a result, (in accordance with the elite theory of advertising) many journalists are
hesitant to express or give light to many issues they deem important or valuable or views that may
contradict those of the media organization they work for. Paul Nesbitt–Larking argues, "In a society
that defines success by capitalist prosperity, the wealthy have [...] the

The Australian Television Industry Analysis
From Contents to Devices: The Australian Television Industry Analysis
The emergence of the internet and digital globalisation forces the entire media and entertainment
industry to digitalize and accelerate its online distribution world widely, the commercial television
industry is not an exception. During this transforming period, the continuous rise in popularity of
online video–sharing websites like YouTube and the increasing prevalence of mobile video playback
devices seem to suggest that commercial television has passed its glory days. However, an outlook
of the global media and entertainment industry posted by PwC (2015) pointed out that free–to–air
television occupied the largest share of the global advertising market in 2014 with 31%, and will
remain 29% in next five years. Therefore, whether the free–to–air television industry is in crisis or
still profitable with huge potential is depends on the industry and regulation background in the
particular area. This essay will take Australian commercial television industry as an example to
analyse its challenges and future development trend. The analysis will focus on the particular
situation faced by Australian television industry, especially the free–to–air television, and tread
different channels of Australian free–to–air television as a whole. It will firstly introduce the
historical development of Australian free–to–air television and draw a brief sketch of how this
industry is formed and regulated. Then, this analysis

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Commercialisation Of Sports
Sports have been more commercialised today. The media promote the commercialisation of sports.
They provide needed publicity and create and maintain spectator interest among large numbers of
people. There are many forms of media to show sports such as social media, radio,
TV and newspapers. Radio was the first form to show sports and now TV is the most powerful form
for spectator to access for sports and events all over the world. The Internet has also provided an
advanced way of communicating. The media provides information like the news of results,
entertainment and interpretation. Sport is certainly for entertainment and how the media portrays the
sport will influenced us. Some sports become especially dependent on media – television ... Show
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Commercialisation goes hand in hand with sponsorship and treats athletes as commodities.
For e.g. Cristiano Ronaldo wears NIKE shoes to promote the brand. He is being treated as an asset
to the NIKE Company through product endorsement which helps to bring increased sales and more
publicity for products.
There are advantages and disadvantages of commercialisation that affect sports. The advantages are
essential funding alternative for sporting organization and events (substantial funding either for the
operations or sponsorship of a particular event or an athlete will be helpful and eradicate the need to
be constantly source for a variety of funding resources), alternative revenue source for athletes
(revenue sources may encourage more athletes to consider a full–time career or be moving from the
semi–professional level to the professional level), increase media exposure of a sport and its athletes
(help to raise the profile of the sport and bringing in more sponsors for the sporting organisation and
its athletes), exposing sporting activity to a wider audience (bringing in new fans of a sport and
thereby increasing spectatorship and participation) and development opportunity for both the sport
and its athletes (helps sports

Tv Primary Sources
The ITV is a British broadcasting company that Creates and distributes its own content to the public.
The ITV was founded on the 22nd of September 1955. The ITV can be considered commercial
television this is because ITV get funding through advertising. The ITV was set up to compete with
the BBC after (1954 television act).
This act sparked the idea for the ITV or The Independent Television Authority. This is because the
creators of the ITV wanted to create an alternative option of broadcasting for the general public and
wanted a change from the BBC owning multiple Tv channels and controlling a lot of the media. So
They created the ITV to give viewers a different option to the BBC.
Originally governed by The Independent Broadcasting Authority now known as Ofcom. The ITV is
governed by Ofcom with a ten year public service broadcasting licence. Ofcom regulates Tv, radio
and On Demand, plus many other services. This is to protect the public from harmful or offensive
content. Ofcom uses a number of acts from parliament, acts like the communication act 2003. The
ITV is also vertically integrated because like the BBC the ITV produces its own content a distributes
it to the public. The ITV produces CDs and DVDs of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is to benefit the general public by given updates on current affairs on the news but also
entertain and educate children. The ITV is owned by the ITV Network Limited. The ITV Network
limited tells the ITV what to schedule and the quality of content to produce for broadcasting. Go to
section 2 for the example of ITV Network Limited. The ITV wants to incorporate diversity across its
network. The ITV is a member of the Creative Diversity Network. The Creative Diversity Network
aims to promote and represent diversity across broadcasting networks like the

Blindspot Stereotypes
These seemingly disparate demographics and, subsequently different portions of NBC's flow are not
as disjointed as they seem at first glance. There remain thematic threads and subtextual audience
assumptions that create coherence and flow as it now functions. The imagery of the jeopardy
opening, in which the camera soars over CGI oceans, islands and San Franciscan monuments,
evokes a theme of travel and adventure that is sustained throughout the portion of the schedule
analyzed, which actually builds off of this same theme created by the slow preceding it, Wheel of
Fortune which was giving out exotic trips as prizes. This sense of adventure establishes a slightly
more ambiguous demographic which can include younger viewers who, for a half hour, live
vicariously through the contestants, getting the same rush when answering questions as the
contestants do. This sense of adventure is upheld in the advertisements as well. The Taltz ad (V)
depicts happy consumers enjoying themselves in the great outdoors under blue skies, and the
various car commercials depict their vehicles offroading in the mountains of a wintry climate, (VI,
XIX, XXIX, XXXI). This pandering to those who would consider themselves adventurous continues
into the next program, Blindspot, and its advertisements. The plot of Blindspot provides a large
portion of the feeling of adventure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Employing these thematic threads, creates the

Essay On Public Broadcasting In Canada
Bringing Canadians Together
In 1991, Canada passed the broadcasting act in order to ensure that all media in Canada operates in
way that provides unbiased facts to all Canadians. Through this act the Canadian Government
ensures that all funds spent on financing public broadcasting in this fine nation goes to further
developing our culture, and creating a distinction between Canadian and American ways of life.
Public broadcasting see that each dollar spent on Canadian media solidifies a platform for Canadian
identity to be built upon, instead of allowing American broadcasters to flow uncompetitive in
Canada. By paying for media, the government also allows equal distribution of French language in
the fourth estate. These reasons are why it is crucial that the Canadian Government finances public
broadcasting, because the only way to meet Canadian standards is to create a Canadian industry who
answers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Or fox news do a report in Cree? Never. Because they are trying to make money, so they target the
biggest audience. Sure they translate movies to French, but they never make the movie in French,
and they never will. CBC will though. Because it was created to. Public Broadcasting is the only
way to ensure that all predominant languages in Canada get equity in media. Private corporations
won't put the money into these languages because they won't get the return of money firm the
smaller audiences. Money. Funny little thing has come up an awful lot. That's because, and I stress
this point poignant, every private corporation that thrives in today's age is about making money. It's
not wrong, it just is. Yet if the government pays for a public media source to make a movie in cree,
or broadcast in French, they can do it because they do not have to worry about losing money. This
allows media to show Canada's diversity. And without media in other languages, we would
eventually become a monolingual

Critical Marketing Plan Of The Album ' Weekends, By The...
Introduction The following report will be a critical marketing plan of the EP 'Weekends', by the band
Project Bongo. With help from academic theory and concepts this analysis will include an overview
and aim of the band and its EP and a strategy for the potential seven areas involved in the release of
any musical product. Additionally, this plan will produce a timeline and elaborate on a budget to
bring the aforementioned theory into practice. Project Bongo is an independent five–piece band
from Utrecht, The Netherlands. Comparing themselves to Two Door Cinema Club, MGMT and
Phoenix, the band uses electronic beats, synths and guitars mixed with pop songs and edgy hooks to
complete their sound (Facebook, 2016). Having won several local awards including 'Best Live Act
2014' (3voor12 Utrecht, 2014), supporting The 1975 in the Netherlands and performing at the Sziget
Festival in 2014 (3FM, 2014), Project Bongo's potential appears evident. After the release of their
debut EP Dancing Monkey in April 2014, the band has released their second EP called Weekends on
March 30th, 2016.
1. Aim and Target Audience According to Floris Kuppens, both manager and marketing manager for
the band, the aim for Weekends was to create a more established name. When asked if there were
any specific goals that needed to be reached, Kuppens replied:
"The boys have a lot of goals of course, and I try to realise them as much as possible. But
personally, I do not try to set too many goals as the band

Importance Of Commercial Broadcasting
In this essay I will be discussing whether public servicing broadcasting (PSB) is still relevant in
2017? I will be giving positives and negative views to come to a reasonable conclusion in which
PSB is relevant.
Public broadcasting is radio, television and other electronic media outlets, which are all trying to do
the same job, which is entertain the viewers in other words public service. In majority of the world
funding comes from the government through annual fees. Public broadcasting comes in two was
locally or nationally depending on the country and station you are tuned into. In a few countries of
the world public broadcasting is ran by a single organization but on the other hand there are many
public broadcasting in other countries which cater to lots of different audiences with having
different language shows. Commercial broadcasting Commercial broadcasting (private
broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned
corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship. Commercial broadcasting now exists in most of
the countries around the world, the influence of this means the number of public broadcasting has
declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century. This means public service
broadcasting must do something significantly if they are to survive in the television industry. All
commercial broadcasters are funded by TV adverts. Brands buy slots during commercial break
looking for. Brands have to pay TV

Difference Between Public And Commercial Broadcasting
Key Terms List # 1
Using various sources on the internet (such as Wikipedia and Google), look up and define the
following terms. Upon completion, attach and return to my email address. Keep a copy for use as a
study guide for the exam.
1. Explain the difference between Public and Commercial broadcasting –
A public broadcaster is owned and supported by the general public. The TV license is paid by the
general public, financing all of the general public broadcasters. A commercial broadcaster is
privately owned and they finance themselves through advertisements. The general public isn 't
paying the station.
2. The MacBride Report – The MacBride Report, was a 1980 UN agency publication written by the
International Commission for the Study of Communication issues, chaired by Irish Nobel Laureate
Seán MacBride. Its aim was to investigate communication issues in trendy societies, notably
regarding mass media and news, take into account the emergence of recent technologies, and to
recommend a form of communication order (New World Information and Communication Order) to
diminish these issues to any peace and human development.
3. International Co–production – An international co–production could be a production wherever
additional different production corporations area unit operating along, for instance during a film
production. within the case of a global co–production, production corporations from different
countries.
4. Reuters – Reuters is a global wire service

Syco Music Industry Essay
Music industry sector
S yco Music is one of the most important and successful music companies in Western Europe – and
more specifically in the UK, a subsidiary of Syco Entertainment. It is a record label founded in 2002
by Simon Cowell, a British music and television producer. This company signed with a variety of
popular artists, as it owns the right to do so with winners or finalists of the TV show X Factor. The
first office of Syco Music was established in London and was highly successful in the British music
industry, being a very influential record label. It soon expanded to Los Angeles where there are also
some offices (Syco Music profile: Pressparty, 2015). Actually, Syco Music is a record label founded
in collaboration with Sony Entertainment, which makes it a global entertainment production
company. The diversity of international artists that signed with the record label and their success are
what makes Syco Music very attractive for new artists looking for representation (SYCO Music |
Sony Music UK – Labels, 2015). Syco Entertainment is part of the private sector and is owned by
Simon Cowell and Sony Music. Sir Phillip Green, a close friend of Cowell's, is the company's
advisor, together with Karren Brady, television personality. Moreover, Tim Byrne is the Creative
Director, David Gray is Senior Vice President and A&R, and ... Show more content on
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All of these artists sold millions of records and became highly successful. Most of them were either
finalists or winners or television contests such as X Factor or Britain's Got Talent. For instance, the
boyband One Direction became a phenomenon worldwide, selling 19 million singles and 10 million
albums, winning two BRIT Awards and three MTV Music Awards. Syco Music's artists promote a
variety of music genres, ranging from R&B to opera, pop, or country (SYCO MUSIC,

Effects Of Advertising On Children And Teenagers
There has been growing concern on effects of advertising towards children and teenagers. Reports
have indicated that obesity is affecting 6%~8% of Australian schoolchildren, and the situation is
escalating in recent years (Gill et al., 2009). Ads of junk foods and fast foods are being criticized as
encouraging poor eating habits of children and adolescents. Besides, Ads containing improper
information for teenagers such as use of violent scenes and skinny models may also influence their
behaviour. This essay is to explain why it is necessary for governments to regulate advertising
directed to children and teenagers and how could it be done.
Government has obligation to intervene advertising to children and teenagers. First, the influence of
advertising is unavoidable for publics. It is estimated that Australian children are exposed to more
than 40,000 commercials per annum. With an unprecedented frequency and intensity, these ads not
only creates children's intention to purchase a singular product, but also potentially influenced their
lifestyle, eating habits and purchasing preference. (MacKay, 2009) Secondly, given children's
vulnerability that they are lack of cognitive capacity to distinguish ads from reality, they are more
easily influenced by advertising than adults (MacKay, 2009). A research on influence of food
advertising on preschool children showed that children exposed to videotape with commercials were
significantly more likely to choose the advertised item

Crtc Effects On Canadian Culture
The U.S.' negative dominance has been so damaging to Canadian culture that the Canadian Radio–
television and Telecommunications Commission, also known as the CRTC has had to step in and
implement laws under the 1991 Broadcasting Act of Canada (Branch, Legislative Services). The
CRTC says, "One of our goals is to ensure that Canadian broadcasting content meets the needs and
interests of Canadians by delivering compelling, high–quality Canadian–made creative content from
diverse sources on a variety of platforms ("Content Made by Canadians," 2016). The role of the
CRTC is to ensure that the United States, being the mega country that it is does not overshadow
Canadian talent and does not limit the opportunities that Canadians may have when

Literature Review On Latinos
Literature Review
Latinos, Asians, and Black are being underrepresented in today's society. It is crucial for Latinos and
minorities to take part of the Broadcast Journalism industry. The birth of Broadcasting began in the
1920s, "The first radio reporters appeared in the 1920s. The networks established their news
organizations in the 1930s and in the 1940s covered global war. During the 1950s, television
overtook radio. The 1960s saw profound technological change" (Bliss, Preface). Unfortunately in
the 1960's not many Latinos were known to have jobs that involve broadcasting, the majority of
people who made it into the Broadcasting Spectrum were White. The authors Poindexter, Smith, and
Heider state that, "almost three quarters (73%) of reporters ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
While women have impressively built their presence in radio and TV newsrooms, blacks and other
minorities have been exiting more often than entering. (P.293)". I find it inacceptable that minorities
have been underrepresented for too long. Poindexter, Smith, and Heider also believe that minorities
are at the bottom of the Broadcast Journalism field, they state "Since 1968, there has been little
significant change in the news media coverage of people of color. Scholars who study race ad
television news have found that people of color are often neglected, misrepresented or stereotyped"
(P.525). In the year 1998, whites were on top of the hierarchy triangle, "Neither women nor
minorities have broken into the top ranks of the TV network evening news anchors," said S. Robert
Lichter, CMPA president. "For three years running, the top five most visible anchors in 1998 were
white males, as were 15 of the 20 most visible reporters on the network evening news" (P.3). By
2002, the number of journalists decreased, "On balance, then, we estimate nearly 6,000 fewer full–
time journalists working for traditional mainstream U.S. news media in 2002 as compared with
1992" (Klein & Naccarato

What Is A Documentary?
The following three chapters present the findings of this practice–based investigation, by
interrogating the production of fourteen music documentaries I created for commercial radio
between 2008 and 2013. These findings provide a narrative of discovery, which build on the first
four chapters by capturing the multitude of processes involved in shaping my work as a freelance
radio documentary producer. By isolating and identifying key responsibilities and technical
considerations, I provide insight into contemporary freelance documentary production for
commercial radio, enabling me to explore the central questions that underpin this study. I have
structured my findings into three chapters, following a chronological timeline, which capture ...
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My findings draw from a broad range of research material, to counter a lack of studies in the field,
and to encompass a wide range of contrasting academic and practitioner perspectives. As indicated,
this first chapter interrogates the production of my initial David Bowie documentary, Down Under
the Moonlight, the audio of which is provided for consideration as part of this submission
(appendices A, 1). This two–hour production was broadcast on the 26th of November, 2008 on
Radio Hauraki, New Zealand, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of David Bowie's album Let's
Dance and his accompanying Serious Moonlight world tour. The documentary was produced
alongside a sister–project, titled Bowie's Waiata (Coley, 2008), created for the public service
broadcaster Radio New Zealand. I interrogate both documentaries within this chapter, as the two
projects are conjoined by utilising the same collection of contributors, archival audio and music. By
comparing approaches to the same Bowie story, I identify differences and similarities which exist
between public service and commercial documentary production. I begin by outlining the origins of
the project, then consider the commissioning of both the Bowie's Waiata and Down Under the
Moonlight documentaries. I then explore production processes and assess how online technologies
have assisted in the construction and distribution of the project. I suggest that the advent of the
Internet has

The Social Changes Of Television
1. Which major waves of social change does the report link television to? (short)
The major social changes that are linked to television according to the report 'A future for public
service television: content and platforms in a digital world' written by 'Des Freedman and et al.
(2016)' are as follows; 1950's – Television was one of the main symbols for many reasons. During
this decade the first report of general election was televised, also broadcasted was the funeral of
George VI and the coronation of the Queen. 1960's – It became a very important backdrop during
the 60's whilst there were struggles going on. 1980's – Television became more than just getting
information, it at this point was featuring TV dramas for people to binge on.
2. What democratic purpose does television have according to the report? (short)
The democratic purpose television has according to this report, is that its an encouragement for
viewers to have a greater understanding and interest in political process. By hosting political debates
and discussion, investigating and analysing public affairs and dramatising the most important UK
political events, it has helped tremendously with the publics decision making.
3. How is regulation of television different from that of print media? (short)
The regulation of television is different from that of print media because television is broader when
it comes to debates, and the expression of differences. It also brings a respect for opposing views

The History of Advertising and Advantages and...
Introduction
What do you think of when you see an advertisement? Do you first notice the talent they are using?
Does the colors used in the ad attract your attention? Or maybe the word play they use in the ad?
Advertisement is part of our daily life. We see advertisements everyday, everywhere. Be it on TV,
radio, magazine, newspaper, billboards, posters, etc. The advertisements that we see are shown to us
through the help of media.
Media is correspondence channels through which news, entertainment, education, information, or
special messages are spread. Media incorporates each TV and narrowcasting medium, for example,
daily papers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. Media is
now divided into two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This monthly newsletter was used to convey economic, political, and military news throughout
Europe. It became popular in Europe especially in Italy during the 1500s.
In the 17th century, the term newspapers became popular and widely used. Many countries in
Europe published their first newspapers during this period. The Germans was said to be the first one
to publish newspapers. Their first publication was called "Relation aller Fürnemmen und
gedenckwürdigen Historien" printed in the year 1605 by Johann Carolus. Other early newspapers
were Dutch's "Courante uyt Italien, Duystlandt, &c." Meanwhile, the first publication published in
the United States was Benjamin Harris "Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick" in the
year 1690. The magazines were first published in the 18th century. The first magazine in Britain,
"The Gentlemen's Magazine", was published in London in the year 1731.
Radio first began in the year 1887 when Heinric Hertz discovered radio waves. Frank Conrad was
the first person to start radio broadcasting which he did at his garage. He broadcasted sports, news,
and music while giving free advertising spots to people. He started broadcasting in the year 1916.
The world's first commercial radio station is Pennsylvania's Newsradio 1020 KDKA. With the
improvement of technology, internet radio is now available.
Another example of traditional media is television. Television is a medium for people to see the
larger world

The Influence Of Gender Socialization In Commercials
In today's modern world mass media plays a dominate role. Television, itself, is one of the most
influential forms of mass media. Television commercials deliver strong messages that alter and
manipulate our mentalities and lifestyles. Commercials subliminally influence racial socialization,
gender socialization and anticipatory socialization. Gender socialization is the aspect of socialization
that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a
specific group or society and the process by which you learn social expectations and attitudes
associated with one's sex. In a commercials I saw, I noticed women styling homes while the men
built the homes and women cleaning while men lounged and drunk cold beers. With only women
being cast as stylist, and as cleaners, it broadcasts and teaches that only women are acceptable for
these roles specifically because they're feminine. On the other hand, with only men being cast as the
builders and non cleaners/drinkers its teaching that only men are acceptable for those roles because
they're masculinity. These commercials contribute to gender socialization and depicts areas of
specialties between the sexist. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While watching the Superbowl I saw a ton of commercials pertaining to anticipatory socialization.
One of the commercials that sat out the most was a Nission commercial that showed a race car
driver and his sons life together. Throughout the race car drivers career, his son grew and watched
his dads career, played with toy cars, and aspired to follow his fathers footsteps. This commercial
contributed to anticipatory socialization because it not only informed the audience of a race car
drivers lifestyle it also gave showed a boy aspiring to follow his fathers footsteps and taught others
how to do the

Assess the Factors Which Led to the Creation of Itv Essay
Assess the factors which led to the creation of ITV in 1954
Commercial Television has been playing big role in our lives for about 60 years already, whether it
is the Morning News, Downton Abbey or The Britain's Got Talent show (Johnson, Turnock, 2005:
1). Commercial television is entertaining, educating and informative and tries to fulfil viewer's
wishes of what they want to watch. British audience has been able to choose what they watch since
1954, when government published the Act of Television which allowed the creation of the first
independent television in the United Kingdom. The creation of ITV broke the BBC's monopoly and
introduced country a new era with free market and diverse television channels (Williams, 2010:151).
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, many senior positions in the BBC were still suspicious of the new medium of television
(Turnock, 2007:21). Lord Reith summed up the general attitude of BBC's management to television
when he told that 'television will be of no importance in your lifetime or mine' (Williams,
2010:144). General opinion in the BBC was that television would not become as successful as radio.
As well as BBC management, government did not find television being as important as radio. On
the contrary to the BBC's management, there were people who saw future in commercial television.
One of those people was Norman Collins who became a director general of Independent Television
who left the BBC and started to campaign commercial television (Crisell, 1997: 78). BBC's
broadcasting developing slowly because of the shortage of technical knowledge which gave a reason
for government to legitimize commercial television which would also give jobs many advertisers
and television people. Commercial television campaign was also able to persuade the government
that competition would make television better as companies had to give their best to make the
viewer to watch their channel.
Another reason which made commercial lobby successful, was the circumstance that important
members of government including the Prime Minister, Churchill, were not prepared to defend the
BBC (Curran, Seaton, 2010:154). After a change in power in late 1951, the conservative party
decided to publish its ideas for

What Is The Role Of The Radio In The 1920's
In 1894, Guglielmo Marconi built the first commercially successful radio, capable of military and
marine communication based off of airborne Hertzian waves. This invention pushed communication
for the world to new levels, and in the sprawling United States, the radio brought new ways to make
money in a growing consumer market for the United States, as well as to bring the nation together
more with the radio's near instant ability for one person to reach millions directly. Although the
radio was invented in 1894, it would take a few decades for the invention to become widespread.
One of the first major groups to see the potential of the radio was the US Department of
Agricultural. Starting in 1900, the department financed early research ... Show more content on
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After the Great War, radio broadcasts began to start back up after stopping for the duration of the
war. Around this time, newspaper companies began to adopt the radio as many feared the radio
would replace the newspaper. 8XK became KDKA in 1920, and on November 2, 1920, their first
broadcast went across the nation. KDKA broadcasted the first Christian service to the entire nation
on January 2, 1921. This was the first time a radio station would broadcast across the entire nation
not to sell something, but to spread a message, something later used by presidents and to deliver
world changing

Public Broadcasting History
The concept of American public broadcasting: promoting diversity in TV and Radio
The purpose of this paper is to re–evaluate the history of American public broadcasting. Particularly
this paper focuses on an important female political figure and two organizations that contributed to
build the foundation of American public broadcasting. Analyzing each of their roles in building the
principle of public broadcasting in the U.S. provides insights by which to consider the basics of
media industries today. The educational broadcasting in the U.S. became known as public
broadcasting. After the enactment of the Public Broadcasting Act in 1967, American educational
broadcasting was established in the same year, shaping the dynamics of the non–profit media sector
in the U.S.. This also changed the landscape of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As educational broadcasting forms the core of the American public broadcasting system,
universities/colleges, public schools, a board of education, and other non–profit educational
organizations have been a member and part of the system of public broadcasting in the U.S.
Moreover, today?s public broadcasting stations originated on the university/college broadcasting
experimenting with wireless–communication in the U.S. in 1910. The basis of the public
broadcasting system today is made up of non–profit broadcasting stations that had been once faded
away by the widespread of commercial broadcasting in the 1920s. Through the course of its
development, there have been controversial discussions about the role of non–profit educational
broadcasting within media industries for long time. Nonetheless, the continuous discussions about
the role of the educational broadcasting led to create decentralized non–profit media sector that is
known as public broadcasting today in the

The Sports And Entertainment Organization
As an Executive in the Monumental Sports and Entertainment organization, I have been tasked with
the responsibility to analyze the upcoming culmination of our broadcasting contract with CSN Mid–
Atlantic. Currently, we have a partnership with CSN for the broadcasts of the Washington Capitals
and Washington Wizards games. The Capitals contract is coming to an end after the 2016/2017
season and the Wizards contract is not until after the 2020/2021 season. With all the specifics of the
current partnership in the favor of CSN's (Steinberg, 2014), our organization has reached out with
them to talk about restructuring our deal, but had no luck as of date.
Monumental Sports and Entertainment is an enterprise that showcases both sports organizations, the
Verizon Center venue along with multiple other ones. Monumental has also started a broadcasting
network which is relatively new. The Network utilizes the internet to distribute its content and
provides fans with all news in DC sports. It currently does not broadcast Wizards or Capitals games.
We have explored the option of broadcasting the games in–house and through Monumental
Network. Majority owner of Monumental and both teams, Ted Leonsis expects that "Monumental
Network could one day broadcast Caps and Wizards games, in addition to other local
programming." Leonsis would like to wait until Monumental is a little but more profitable because
he is dealing with player contracts, the Verizon Center venue and labor costs in his

Cultural Differences And Diversity Of The Australian Media
The Australian media plays a prominent role in influencing the way society makes sense of the
world and its relations with others through portraying certain dominant discourses of politics,
cultures and current affairs. Through this it can have positive and negative effects on cultural
differences experienced within multicultural Australia. This essay will discuss the discourses that are
prevalent in commercial and non–commercial television about cultural differences and diversity, and
how this can either promote or denounce the inclusiveness of communities or allowing alternative
voices to be heard.
The media narrates contemporary problems or stories in society in a way that can have a significant
influence on how its viewers understand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When commercial television is discussing and prevailing such dominant discourses about ideas of
marriage, terrorism, socio economic statuses, mental health, politics and other cultures, it has the
ability to disempower difference through only explaining these issues from one view point of view
or a singular representation. This constant widespread negative coverage of minorities or other
cultures can misguide Australian attitudes and viewpoints, to further reaffirm certain prejudices or
biases by only being exposed to the negative actions of a group (Jacobs & Kershen 2011). This
Symbolic violence can describe minorities in a way that leaves them voiceless, ignored and
condemned through media and the views of larger society (Venzo & Hess 2013). When ethnic
minorities are shown in a prominent role on commercial television or a news segment, it is usually
in relation to crime and disorder or from being a perceived social threat to the Australian culture or
way of life (Phillips 2011). Although all broadcasting media need to follow protocols within their
policies to avoid representing ethnic and religious communities in ways that are discriminatory
within their practice, it is still conducted in a way that disempowers these communities and
maintains the prejudices against them (Phillips 2011). An example of this is how

What Are The Key Objectives Of Broadcasting Service
Broadcasting Service Proclamation No. 533/2007
b. Key Objectives of the Measure
It was necessary to revise the existing law on broadcasting services to take into account that
broadcasting service plays a significant role in the political, economic and social development of the
country by providing information, education and entertainment programs to the public. Moreover,
broadcasting plays a major role in exercising the basic constitutional rights such as freedom of
expression, access to information and the right to elect and be elected. It is then essential to ensure
proper and fair utilisation of the limited radio wave wealth of the country. It seems ad well essential
to clearly define the rights and obligations of persons who undertake broadcasting service.
As a result, the new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Community broadcasting services shall for example carry out its activities based on the needs of the
community regarding development, education and good governance; promote and develop the
language, culture and artistic value of the community; and allow the participation of the members of
the community in the preparation of its programs.
(For more details of EBA structure, duties and licences, please refer to the regulation in the annexe
5.1.1/A)
In 2012, the Advertisement Proclamation 759/2012 was adopted with a scope covering broadcasting
services. (This regulation is available on annexe 5.1.1/B)
d. Does it specifically target individuals and/or social groups as defined in Article 7 of the
Convention?
Community groups that are marginalised remote will have an increased access to information.
e. What are the results expected through the implementation of the measure? – An increased
accessibility to information, particularly in remote area, leading to a better integration of remote
territories and their

Television And Radio Ratings Data
Television and radio ratings data are used primarily to assist decision making with regard to
advertising, programming, financial analysis, and policy making, all of which have significant
economic or social implications. It is important to realise that audience measurement is a business;
the firms involved are intent on using their analysis to make money. This essay will discuss why
ratings are used, what ratings actually measure, specific to radio audience ratings, and the extent to
which this information provides a satisfactory understanding of broadcast audiences. It will be seen
that ratings do not usually generate any deep understanding of why people are listening to particular
programmes, but do capture audience size and make up reasonably well. It is the responsibility of
broadcasters to understand their audience in order to effectively grow it. Radio and television ratings
measure various aspects of the broadcast audience, from how many people are in an audience, their
demographic make up and sometimes their preferences, with the objective of gaining
understandings which will help the broadcaster to grow audience participation and loyalty. The
reality is, though, that little true understanding of audience preferences is gained. The
understandings which are gained are often superficial, but sufficient to support business decision
making, particularly around advertising. As will be seen, the extent to which ratings generate
understanding of audience is all

Harold Arlin Scandal
Sports broadcasting has come a long way from what it was during Cosell's time. While the future
was bright for Howard Cosell, there were other sportscasters that need to be recognized including
those with similar practices than Cosell. Though Cosell was mainly known for his interviews with
the late, great Mohammed Ali, he wasn't the first broadcaster to focus on prize fighters.
Prize Fighting Broadcasters:
Harold Arlin:
Harold Arlin made history as radio's first announcer during the 1920 presidential election. "He was a
Westinghouse electrical engineer who announced and earned some extra money" (Folkart, 1986).
Arlin's popularity grew fast, "He was said to have become radio station KDKA" (Covil). KDKA
located in Pittsburgh was the first commercial radio station in America and began broadcasting in
1920. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Arlin became the first person to announce a Major League Baseball game on August 5, 1921"
(Folkart, 1986), and that was the first baseball game ever broadcasted on the radio. According to
Folkart (1986), "Arlin also was believed to have been the first to broadcast a football game on Oct.
8, 1921."
It wasn't until April 1921 when "Arlin became one of the first sports announcers when he broadcast
a prize fight" (Belanger, 2004, 2). During the Jack Dempsey and Luis Firpo fight, Arlin had the
chance to make it the first boxing match that was broadcasted over the

How to Set Up Your Own Fm Radio Station
How To Set Up Your Own FM Radio Station – Licensing And Start Up Issues
There are several ways to set up your own radio station. It depends on how serious you are about it.
The single most important thing you should know before you get started is why would you need to
start your own radio station?
Maybe, it 's because you are a DJ or you have a band and want to reach an audience with your
songs. Maybe, you have a huge collection of rock music and want to share it with the world. Maybe
you are a member of club and want to make money by broadcasting a certain type of music along
with commercials. Maybe you are a candidate and want to spread the word about your nomination
and your speeches. Or maybe you are just person who is passionate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In New Zealand, there are no ongoing fees to operate this type of station – however you do need to
pay nominal annual fees to APRA and RIANZ for music royalties. You do need to ensure however
that your transmission equipment is compliant with Radio Spectrum Management regulations.
Additionally, as is the case with any radio station, all your broadcasts need to comply with the
Broadcasting Act. Fundamentally this means your broadcasts must be in good taste. The advantages
that a low power FM radio station have over a commercial station is that is is much less expensive
to set up at the outset, your likelihood of finding a suitable frequency are much higher, and there are
far fewer ongoing costs.
When operating a low power FM station, you need to determine who your audience is. If you are
broadcasting in an area where there are already a number of resident commercial stations, you may
enjoy more success by broadcasting niche programming that appeals to an audience not currently
served by the full power FM stations. Alternatively for those who are located in a more rural area or
town, you then have the opportunity to set your station up as the local alternative to what is already
available. Generally a local station competing against a station being beamed in by satellite from
one of the main centres will attract a great deal of local community support.
When it comes to setting up or starting up a low power FM radio

What Is The Positive Impact Of Broadcast Journalism
CNJ 319 Final Exam – Leixi Wang – 746 words
If there is one thing I believe in is that journalism, specifically broadcast journalism, helped greatly
in the advancement of communications technologies and vice versa. With the introduction of radio
and television, the hunger for more information and accessing the information quicker grew
tremendously. Maybe not the best time in terms of world peace, but with the drive to spread the
information out as fast and as widely as possible, it did help drive for a better further, a more
peaceful future where people received the information first hand and from many different angles.
Even with these technological advancements, it was not always a positive impact on the journalism
front, and I will analyze the pros and cons in this paper.
With the invention of the telegraph, proving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the television was introduced to the general public at around WWII time, where it slowly took
over the radio as the preferred method broadcasting. With television the benefit of having the image
right in front of the viewer brings in more realism to the news, it gives the viewer a better feel of
actually being in the moment. This also changed the way journalism worked, as the journalists came
from the guys doing the background work and writing the scripts to actually being seen on television
or heard on radio.
Over–ally technology has brought around more positives than negatives for the journalism industry,
growing the audience base to number that could not have been possible with just newspaper, it also
provided easier ways to engage the viewers and listeners as especially in the 19th and early 20th
century there were still many people that could not read. As technology is continuously impacting
journalism now and into the future, there's a chance to see more interesting gadgets that will gauge
the user's interest in

The BBC Organization Essay
The BBC Organization The BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Co–operation. The British
Broadcast is a very well established organisation. It was formed in 1922 by a group of leading
wireless manufactures, the daily broadcasting by the BBC began from Marconi's London Studio on
November 14th, this followed the next day by broadcasts from Birmingham and Manchester. During
the following few months the BBC organisation was successfully able to broadcast around the U.K
this effectively showed how popular and in demand the BBC became around the U.K and therefore
had to remain a prestigious and impressive organisation and to remain its high standards and
popularity. The Secretary of State's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To maintain a degree of independence from the state of the governing administration was to appoint
a committee of 12 public figures on a five yearly basis who would, in turn, appoint a director
general. The extent to which these committees were composed of 'political appointees' who could
steer the BBC in directions favourable to the government has been a subject of controversy . So has
the BBC's real 'independence' in light of the government's power to set licence fees and therefore
apply financial pressure in the event of unfavourable or controversial political coverage. Under its
first director John Reith the BBC was given a mission to bring the 'Best' of British culture to the
nation, to enlighten, elevate and 'educate' wherever possible. The BBC is formally obliged to remain
politically impartial especially in times of political conflict. The governors role is to ensure that the
BBC fulfils its obligations as laid down by the law by remaining an impartial and politically correct
organisation. The BBC is set up by the Royal Charter therefore programmes on war, Remembrance
services, Queen's speeches are broadcast to remain as a high well respected

San Diego 6 Case Study
This paper explores various factors that influence the coverage of news by television stations. The
case study that will be used in this paper will be San Diego 6 the CW. The station is a typical
example of a media broadcast that has implemented framing and commercial interests. This paper
will use some of the examples from the station to highlight the way media houses. In this case, San
Diego 6 the CW broadcast and air their news content while trying to keep balance between
commercial viability and news considered being for the good of the audience. It is an accepted fact
that news aired on television screens, on radio, and printed media in various publications does not
represent a true image of the events on the ground. The news is influenced by factors such as
personae, market audience, affiliated businesses, and many other organizations from structural
pluralism to states ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this case, a company may sponsor channel's news segments or other relevant programs. Some
adopt this idea through subsidizing and sponsoring other segments that seems journalistic such as
news related contents even though the company or organization receive the largest amount of
benefits from the piece. For instance, on August 20th, Doctor Robert Dee McDonald featured on
San Diego 6 news for discussion named "Grief and Healing: Making Your Way through the Pain" on
San Diego 6 the CW website. Even when the doctor was not talking directly to the audience about
where he works, there was an interest among the viewers to know where the doctor works.
Therefore, in this case, the Center for New Medicine was the sponsor and it benefitted greatly from
the interview. The fourth approach is news framing of business under a certain chosen topic that
may be on matters such as economic state of a particular state or a civic topic is chosen and a
representative from a company or organization is chosen by the media company to expound on the
issue (De Vreese,

Online Streaming And Social Media
ONLINE STREAMING IN SOCIAL MEDIAAND BROADCASTERS' RIGHTS
STUDENT ID: 140494332
8/3/2015
SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR GUIDO WESTKAMP
Word Count: 14900
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Social media and emerging applications 4
1.2. Broadcasters' concerns over emerging social media applications 5
1.3. Consideration of public freedoms within broadcasters' rights 7
2. SCOPE OF RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANISATIONS 8
2.1. Protection under international conventions 8
2.1.1. 1961 Rome Convention 9
2.1.2. 1974 Brussels Satellite Convention 10
2.1.3. The Agreement on Trade–Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 11
2.1.4. WIPO Treaties 12
2.2 Protection under European Union legislation 12
2.2.1. Satellite and Cables Directive (93/83/EEC) 13
2.2.2. Information Society Directive (2001/29/EC) 14
3. WBT AND BROADCASTER RIGHTS 17
3.1. Right of reproduction and retransmission 19
3.2. Rights over communication to public" and "making available" 20
4. PROTECTED SUBJECT MATTER IN WBT 21
5. RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION AND MAKING AVAILABLE IN WBT 24
5.1. Communication to public right under international and EU law 25
5.2. Making available to public right under EU law 26
5.2.1 Defining public under the right of communication to public 27
5.2.3 Defining interactivity under the right of communication to public 28
6. IMPACT OF WBT OVER EMERGING SOCIAL MEDIAAPPLICATIONS 30

6.1. Does WBT extends protection over on–demand services? 31
6.2. Does WBT extend rights over

How Do Media Effects Help One Understand The Complexity Of...
How do 'media effects' help one understand the complexity of media power? If a man is tall enough
to be a basketball player, he can be described as robust. But until he helps his basketball team win
the game, he will not have any effect. That represents the difference between 'power' and 'effects'.
However, there are a number of ways to shoot a ball, and it does not mean winning every time. The
complexity of 'effects' depends on the undetermined 'power'. And 'the concept of power in human
affairs has proved difficult to pin down, and not only in relation to the media' (McQuail, D., 2010,
p.462). Nonetheless, 'media effects' will help one understand the complexity of media power from
many aspects, such as the range and degree caused by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the website of Facebook, it says to 'help you connect and share with the people in your life'.
Then Twitter tells people to 'see what's new', and Instagram moves a little bit forward – to capture
and share wonderful moments around the world. Basically, nowadays new media are encouraging
more people to get involved and be together. All of this cannot be achieved without the invention of
the Internet and, even more importantly, mobile phone. As 80 per cent of Twitter users are active on
mobile devices, the majority of these are likely to be Smartphone users (HMA digital marketing
2014). From the wild range media effects have spread, it is easy to understand one aspect of media
power is depended on technology. Moreover, social network is being taken more seriously than
before. The world is changing in every second; as a result, people rely on social network to get
information instead of watching television at six o'clock in the early morning, In China, according to
a report, Weibo (Chinese Twitter) has confirmed 84,377 of government services accounts until 26th
June this year (Sina News 2014). What citizens are able to get from social media is not limited to
entertainment or sharing with friends, but also useful updated information for daily life and political
policies. And these companies supporting social media need audiences to weave threads together to
get revenues. Gradually, this kind of

Speech On The Broadcasting Industry
Address to the Broadcasting Industry
As television channels in the 1960's continued to display numerous violence, American comedy, and
offensive commercials, television programming offered scanty, enjoyable shows for the general
audience. Newton Minow, the Federal Communications Chairman (FCC) from 1961 to 1963, argued
for a better quality of television in his "Address to the Broadcasting Industry" to over 2,000
members of the National Association of Broadcasters. As a result, it generated a national debate
about the quality of television programming. Throughout his speech, Minow argues for better
television programming since other means of communication offer better content, children are
exposed to only violence and cartoons, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some people may argue a book is less entertaining and interesting than a television show in the
1960's. However, the television shows broadcasted are solely focused to entertaining the general
audience after work, chores, or school by employing monotonous programming. If a person who
solely watches television for an entire day, they evidently become tedious. Also, the television
shows lack diverse plots, themes, characters, originality, and other aspects unlike a book or a
newspaper. Therefore, numerous television companies decided to display new content such as news
shows, movies, drama series, horror shows, documentaries, music shows, and shows based on true
stories. An example is HBO's Band of Brothers, a miniseries about the story of a company of
soldiers in WWII from their initial training to the end of the war. During the war, the soldiers
experience D–Day, participate in numerous battles, liberate a Nazi concentration camp, and enter
Hitler's mountain retreat located in Berchtesgaden, Germany. This tale of comradeship displays how
ordinary, American men accomplished the extraordinary and end a gruesome and unjustified war. As
a result from Newton's proposal for better television programming, numerous shows and series like
Band of Brothers offer an entertaining, unique, and worthy alternative to other forms of
communication.
Another reason Minow argues for better television

Radio Act 1912 Essay
Evolution of the Act
Communication was regulated in the Unites States Since the Radio Act of 1912. Most of the
military, entertainment and police applications required their signal to reach desired destinations
without interference. Therefore the Radio Act 1912 established a Commission to resolve issues that
occurred while communicating. The Radio Act of 1927 was the first official attempt by the U.S
government at a comprehensive legislation for radio communications. As the complexities started
increasing, the Federal Radio Commission was established. Although giving first amendment
protection to broadcasting ,being more comprehensive, still did not do enough just for regulating the
new media. The act was not able resolve several court cases ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Initially, the proposal was objected by the republican lawmakers. The commission was created
mainly to centralize authority over telephone and radio services so that such a single independent
agency will prevent discrimination and extend services to places that are not served now. As the
commission was created, seven commissioners were appointed by the president. The major change
in the previous regulating structure occurred when telephone communications was put under the
control of the Federal Communication Commission . Most of the communication monopolies
developed by that time were broke by the FCC, among which the most notable one was the National
Broadcasting Company. On behalf of the United States, the agency operates interstate and
international communications. Also the commission specifies the framework within which each of
the wireless technology operates in and whether that particular technology is licensed or unlicensed.
In the year 1948, FCC stopped granting new licenses for television stations, on account of the
increasing numbers of the stations. Also the act strengthened healthy competition among various
communication carriers making a good marketplace for the carriers. The most recent concept of "net
neutrality" from FCC that made possible the concept of "open

Personal Narrative-I Want To Become A Nurse
Introduction
When I was younger I always knew that one day I would attend college. When I was younger my
parents always told me that I would attend college. Nursing was my first choice to major in, there
was only one problem, (I wasn't so sure if it was me that actually wanted to major in Nursing, or if it
was my parents' decision). When I was younger I was always very energetic and was told I had a
"bubbly" personality. My friend Chanelle and I decided to have a YouTube channel. We would just
do random things, and talk about our High School days, and give shout outs to people who went to
High School with us. The YouTube channel was called " The Natalie and Chanelle Show", we got
up to a million views and we passed out flyers all over the school to advertise our channel on
YouTube. As I grew older I realized that I didn't want to become a Nurse. I wanted to major in
Broadcasting Journalism, and use my voice to communicate with other people.
As I grew older I realized there isn't many Latinas who anchor for the local news' Radio stations.
According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He conducts his study by mailing the questionnaires "to new directors at the population of non–
satellite commercials TV stations and at a systematic random sample of commercial radio stations
with working addresses in the current Broadcasting Yearbook" (Stone, 1986, p.289). Minorities were
being underrepresented once again, "In television news, the increased employment of minorities
which had begun in the 1960's continued through the 1970's, leveled off in the early 1980's and
turned into decreasing employment in the mid–1980's" (Stone, 1986, p.289). Both survey
approaches revealed that white people have the most Broadcasting Journalism jobs in

Emergence Of Satellite Radio Essay
The Emergence of Satellite Radio While the transition of television to a digital technology with its
improved picture and sound quality has been a much publicized and controversial process,
television's venerable ancestor, radio, has stayed in the background. But this year, in the United
States, radio broadcasting is making its own digital leap. Two start–ups are introducing a new type
of radio broadcast––subscription–based digital audio sent from satellites. With satellite digital audio
radio services (SDARS), as they're called, listeners will be able to tune in to the same radio stations
anywhere in the United States.
SDARS differs from so–called digital music services, in which direct broadcast satellite or cable ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problems include environmental noise and RF signal reflections that give rise to multipath
fading––variations in RF signal level due to signal reflections. The improved robustness of digital
radio promises to remedy this, delivering near–CD sound for most listening conditions.
With AM radio, the transition will be even more marked. The new digital service will offer two–
channel stereo sound and greatly increased frequency response, resulting in audio quality
comparable to today's analog FM.
In addition, digital will greatly enhance terrestrial radio robustness, which is the ability to withstand
factors such as multipath fading, environmental noise, and impulse noise interference due to
automobile ignitions or home appliances. Digital's robustness also holds up well against interference
from nearby radio broadcast signals and terrain blockage for FM, as well as signal attenuation due to
grounded conductive structures like reinforced–concrete highway overpasses for AM.
With most radio listening done in a moving car, the signal degradation varies constantly with time,
further complicating matters. To reduce or eliminate these problems, a variety of signal–processing
techniques (described below) have been incorporated into digital radio systems.
While enhanced quality and robustness and new services entice broadcasters, and should bode well
for a

how radio has changed
Radio has been existing since the 20th century; it has a great significance to every one of us,
especially when it comes to entertainment. Through the years, we depend on the radio when
traveling or relaxing at home, it is where we listen to music, news or even soap operas. Well the
sound quality has increased dramatically. So has the amount of stations. When radio was first
invented there was only something on the air for a few hours a day, now radio is 24/7. Also, when
radio was first invented, there was no FM. Everything was AM. Then once FM was introduced
people were skeptical that it would catch on. Back then they would sell either an AM radio, or an
FM radio. These days it's a law that every radio must have AM and FM capabilities. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to music, radio stations also played dramatic episodes of programs, such as Amos 'n'
Andy and Superman. Radios also became the preferred method for communicating the news of the
day.While the AM frequency was popular for broadcasting throughout the 1950s and beyond,
researchers began developing the FM in the 1940s as an alternative to FM. This method became
popular during the 1960s and took hold throughout the 1970s. It was more popular than the AM
signal because it could transmit on any frequency. Although its original purpose was intended for
classical music lovers and educational purposes, the FM method was a favorite for rock music in the
1960s. It wasn't until 1978, however, that the FM programming had more listeners than the AM. In
recent years, radio has made even more developments that have made listening to your favorite
music even easier. With a simple internet connection, you can listen to streaming audio from almost
any radio station all over the world. A new trend in radio broadcasting is also the podcast. This is
where individuals put together a recording that resembles a radio show and then post it online for
anybody to listen to. In addition to these developments, there is also the creation of the subscription–
based radio services. Sirius and XM radio are not controlled by federal regulations in the same way
that normal airwaves are governed. This gives both listeners and broadcasters more options to fit
their listening pleasure. Made popular

Informative Speech On Fm Radio
Spotify, Pandora, SoundCloud, YouTube, you name it. Music in our world today can be streamed or
downloaded from anywhere, at any point, within a matter of seconds.
Internet radio is vastly popular today for a multitude of reasons – it helps stations reach bigger and
wider audiences, it's easily accessible by almost anyone, and it often contains fewer commercials
than other forms; which is extremely appealing to listeners.
However, Internet radio's biggest impact on our society and today's market is it's competitive
manner. In other words, smaller sources of radio were to be destroyed.
How often do you hear people talk about AM/FM radio? Not often. Barely, do you ever find people
listening to or talking about frequency radio anymore. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It's [Internet radio] new. It's fun. It's hip. But what most of us forget are the personable and unique
aspects of commercial radio" said Rich Moore, program director of sports radio 950 KJR.
950 KJR, an all–sports radio station in Seattle, WA, is one of the oldest broadcasting stations, dating
back to 1922. Originally operated and owned out of its founder's home, 950 KJR eventually became
the top rated station in Seattle by the 1960s, helping pioneer music careers for many artists including
Jimi Hendrix and the Beatles.
By the 1980s and up through today, KJR has completely shifted into sports broadcasting. It consists
of at least 5 different segments, each including its own host.
"Try this on for size, how many notable DJs can you name off the top of your head from one source
or channel on Internet radio?" asked Kevin Shockey, producer of Dave 'Softy' Mahler's show on
KJR.
"None."
I shook my head in

The First Amendment Essay

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