hemorrhages

1. HAEMORRHAGES
Mr. Mahesh Chand
Nursing Tutor

2. • It is loss of blood from a blood vessel.
• it is caused due to injury or accident which
result in the rupturing of blood vessels.

3. TYPES OF HAEMORRHAGES
1)ARTERIAL : The blood is bright red.
The escape is from both ends of
vessel.
2)Capillary : The blood is deep red in
color oozing over several hours can
result in considerable blood loss.

4. 3)Venous : the blood is dark in color,
the rate of loss is much less than
arterial .

5. Sign & Symptoms
• Restlessness
• Anxiety
• Pulse rate slightly increase
• Pallor
• Patient feel thirsty
• Dryness of mouth
• Profuse sweating
• Blurring of vision
• Uncosciousness

6. EFFECT OF HEAMORRHAGE
• The heart pumping rate increase
• Decrease blood volume
• Loss of red blood cell
• Cardiac output

7. Aim
• Control bleeding as soon as possible
• Keep the wound clean & dress it
minimize blood loss prevent infection
• Arrange urgent transfer to hospital

8. Management
1) Natural arrest of bleeding:
When the skin is broken & blood
vessels are injured ,bleeding starts,
when bleeding start, blood vessels
contract & from injured tissue & blood
cell thromboplastin is released which
form clot.

9. 2) MINOR BLEEDING: This bleeding stop by
firm pressure with bandaging.
3)Major bleeding: it may be internal or
external. it result from injury to large blood
vessel .

10. 4)External bleeding:
Clean the area with clean cloth or pad if
available
Give pressure over the area where the
bleeding present as to reduce blood loss
Apply the bandage over wound & that
should be tight so that bleeding get
stopped
Press over the pressure point firmly over
10 minutes, if the bleeding is not still
stopped.

11. Give comfortable position
Elevate the affected limb .
Give fluids to the patient
Reassure the patient
Shift the patient to the hospital

12. • 5) internal bleeding: in this case
blood may be collected in the
abdominal cavity.
• Exa: spleen,liver,stomach,kidney etc
• Pressure can not be done internally.
• In this case patient feel pain over the
site of injury & swelling is also there.

13. First aid of internal bleeding
 Put the patient on the bed & give
comfortable position
 Provide psychological support to the patient
& his relatives
 Do not give anything through mouth
because it may lead to injury & patient may
do vomiting

14. If the patient is unconscious then turn
the head of the patient toward one
side so that patient may not aspirate
secretion
There may be need to do blood
transfusion so that prevent shock
Blood should collected from healthy
donor.
Shift the patient to hospital

15. Hemorrhages' in special site
1. Epistaxis :Bleeding from nose
2. Haemoptysis:Blood present in
sputum
3. Haematemesis: Blood present in
vomiting
4. Melaena: Blood present in stool
5. Haematuria: Blood present in urine
6. Haemothorax: Blood present in chest

16. 7.Haemoperitoneum: Blood present in
peritoneum
8.Haemarthrosis: bleeding in joint
9.Menorrhagia: excessive menstruation
at normal intervals
10.Haemopericardium: bleeding into
pericardium
11.Haematomyelia: bleeding into the
spinal cord

17. First aid in Epistaxis
Give psychological support to the
patient
Give sitting position
Loosen the clothes of the patient
Pinch nose softly for 10-15 min
Apply the cold compress over nose for
10-15 minutes
Even bleeding stop take the patient to
the hospital.

18. Ask the patient not to blow the nose
because it may increase bleeding
Ask the patient to breath through
mouth