This document discusses hemorrhage, or excessive blood loss. It defines hemorrhage and lists some common causes such as wounds from cuts, punctures, or gunshots. It then describes specific types of hemorrhaging based on location, such as epistaxis (nosebleed), hemoptysis (lung bleeding), or hematuria (blood in urine). Finally, it outlines general management of hemorrhaging, including positioning the victim, controlling bleeding, maintaining airway, preventing heat loss, and applying direct pressure to stop bleeding.

1. hemorrhage
Presented by
Neetu sahu

2. hemorrhage
• hemorrhage refers to excess loss of
blood due to rupture of blood vessel.
• Lose blood from the body as a result of
injury or illness.
• Hemorrhage means the loss of blood
from the vascular system associated
with an absolute reduction in the
circulating blood volume.

3. causes
• There are many causes of bleeding but few of
the most commonest are discussed here in
this presentation and they are as follows:
• WOUNDS A break in the continuity of skin, is
termed as wound.
• Various types of wounds are as follows:-
a) Incised wound
b) laceration
c) Abrasion
d) Contusion
e) Punctured wound
f) Gunshot Wound

6. Types of hemorrhage

7. Specific sites of hemorrhage
• Epistaxis-It is bleeding from nose.
• Hemoptysis-It is expectation of bleed from
lungs
• Haematemesis-It is the vomiting of bleed
• Malaena-It is the passage of dark blood per
rectum from a site high in intestinal tract.
• Hematuria-It is the presence of blood in the
urine.
• Haemothorax-It is the bleeding in to the chest
• Haemoperitonium-Bleeding in to the
peritoneum.

8. General Management
1.Place the victim in such a position that he/she will be
least affected by the loss of blood.
2. Lie the victim down and elevate the legs in a semi-
flexed position. This prevents aggravation of spinal
injury or breathing impairment.
3. Control the bleeding
4. Maintain air way.
5.Prevent the loss of body heat by putting blankets
under and over the victim.
6.Victim should be kept at rest, as movement will
increase heart action, which causes the blood to flow
faster and perhaps interfere with clot formation or
dislodge a clot already formed.

9. BLEEDING CONTROL
 Assess the wound for the bleeding.
 Apply direct and firm pressure on the bleeding
site.
 Inform the doctor immediately regarding
bleeding.
 Prepare the patient for the surgery if required.
 Assist the doctor in ligation and closure of wound
.
 Assure aseptic technique throughout the
procedure , assess that wound is cleaned
properly no foreign particles are left behind in the
wound.