Essay On The Role Of Women In Australia During Ww2

Essay On The Role Of Women In Australia During Ww2
Intro
Over one million Australians were involved in World War 2. The war effort came from women and
men alike, serving interstate and internationally. At the end of this war, there were 40,000 dead and
more than 30,000 taken as prisoners of war. This was the first time in history that Australia's
mainland had come under direct attack. The war was a catastrophic global conflict which did have a
significant impact on Australians. World War 2 started in 1939, with the German invasion of Poland,
and ended in 1945, by Japan being bombed by the USA. The two main sides in the fight were the
Axis powers which were the countries Germany, Italy and Japan and the Allies which featured USA,
France, Britain and consequently Australia. The role of women, ... Show more content on
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This war opened up employment opportunities in the military, industry and agriculture, roles which
had been previously denied to women. With over 500,000 men serving during the war, women were
left to fill the role they had left behind. Although the women's higher pay was good, their wages
were still less than a man's and they were expected to go back to their normal lives after the war
ended. Women's organizations were highly popular during World War 2, with associations like the
Women's Land Army and the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service, as well as the Australian
Army Nursing Service. These groups had a total of more than 45,000 women serving in them. One
important woman during World War 2 was Vivian Bullwinkel. She became the sole survivor of the
1942 Banka Island massacre. On the 14 February, the ship SS Vyner Brooke was sunk by Japanese
aircraft. 22 nurses and a larger group of women, children and men managed to make it ashore on
Banka Island. This group, along with an extra 100 British soldiers, decided to surrender to the
Japanese. Shortly after, Japanese soldiers killed the men and made all the nurses wade into the sea.
They were shot at, and when Bullwinkel was struck, she pretended to be dead until the Japanese left.
She surrendered after 12 days and was taken into captivity. She was the only one of 65 nurses
aboard the Vyner Brooke to survive. It is clear from these facts to see that women played a crucial
role during the second World
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Thesis On Fort Canning
By:
Feng Ziru (11)
Jayabaskaran Jayanth (15)
(everyone type your name and reg no.)
Class: 1J
Group Number :3
Introduction
Fort Canning is a well known hill located at the South of Singapore. It was called Bukit
Larangan(Forbidden Hill) before Sir Stamford Raffles arrived, as the locals believed that 14th
century kings had built their palaces on the hill. It turned out that they were right, as later on when
some of the vegetation was removed ancient ruins were found. Archeology at the site has also
uncovered relics, which may suggest that the hill used to be a trading center before foreign forces
invaded in the 1300s.
After Raffles arrived, he built his residence on the hill, as he liked the view it offered of his colony,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Singapore Command and Staff College was then built on the fort.
Today, Fort Canning is a park offering a large selection of activities, and also has great historical
value. It is a popular location for marriages, outdoor events and even starlight cinemas. It is indeed
an iconic landmark of Singapore.
Framing our research topic Our research topic is Fort Cannings key contributions and roles of Fort
Canning Park in the last 50 years since independence. We will be focusing on Fort Canning Park as
a historically rich tourist attraction and also the reservoir at Fort Canning. We will be focusing on
the positive and negative effects fort canning has on Singapore and its citizens. We decided to set
Fort Canning Park as our research topic because it is indeed a iconic landmark to Singapore. It has
witnessed many of Singapore's historical milestones such as the opening of Singapore's first
botanical garden, the world war II in Singapore and the British surrendering to the Japanese.
However, now it is getting more and more forgotten by the younger generation of Singaporeans.
Reasons for Choice of

The Republic Of Singapore.
The Republic of Singapore Before narrowing down the topic, it is useful to start with the Singapore
history to describe its fundamental identity as a multiracial city state without a plenty of natural
resources. At the beginning of 19th century, Sir Stamford Raffles who worked at the East India
Company found the tiny island where only few indigenous Malay fishermen and Chinese peasants
live in, at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. This island had quickly grown into the centre of trades in
Southeast Asia though the development by Raffles. As one of the colonies of the United Kingdom,
Singapore had kept flourishing. Along with its economic growth, an influx of people who was
seeking for a new job and business opportunity in Singapore, from ... Show more content on
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In 9th August 1965, Singapore then finally became the Republic of Singapore, an independent city
state in Southeast Asia. As an independent state, Singapore is with racial diversity, but without
abundant of natural resources. Its highest priority, therefore, has been to survive since the
independence. To survive, Singapore has focused on profit–seeking at any time. Singh (2008, p.315)
even states that "for Singapore, a strong economy, which is vital for its survival, is even more
important than military security". To be economically competitive in international society, then, the
Singapore government has attempted to assure excellent human resources who could contribute the
country's economy instead of natural resources. Although Chinese population has played a dominant
role to enable the economic development throughout the Southeast Asia (Wu, year, p. 112; Unger,
year, p.47), Singapore is different from other countries. Since Singapore is highly organized country
in terms of politics and economy, its state government has strategically utilized Chinese both as
human resources and social ideologies. The government has successfully benefited from its Chinese
population, and also Chinese population in return has appreciated its political, economic, cultural
and educational superiority as a majority in Singapore: "The economic hierarchy in Singapore

Ssa2211 As1
Name: Wang Minghui
Matriculation no. A0105569Y
Tutor's name: Dr Donna Brunero
Tutorial group: GE2
Total word count: part1–1137 words; part2–264 words.
Part1:
About two hundred years ago, Raffles arrived at a small fishing village in Melaka Strait, took charge
of it and started a new generation. Now, this small fishing village is named Singapore and became
one of the most globalized countries in the world. Raffles, the adventurer in 1819, is still an iconic
hero in Singapore's social memory. This paper will interpret the founding of Singapore in 1819 as a
result of four main factors: Raffles' ambition as a clerk of the East India Company, the Anglo–
Dutch competition, Malay policy and Temasek's revival as a trading emporium in 14th ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without signing with signing with Raffles, Hengku Husian would probably have to continue to eke
out a living on Pulau Penyengat, while without signing with Tengku Husian, Raffles would not get
the opportunity to plan and run the small island and turned it into a significant port, and that turned
out to be a fateful step on Singapore's way of being an international big city.
Last by not least, the finding of Singapore also can be seen as the remaining effect of 14th century
trading emporium in Temasek (Singapore). Connecting the booming civilizations of Asia –China,
India and Middle East, Melaka Strait's trades were greatly affected by those countries, and Temasek,
as a gateway of hinterland and a collection of various products, attracted most of businessmen to
trade here. With the growing trades between China, India and Southeast Asia and their friendly
relationship with it, Temasek as a main port established an emporium which can be an evidence of
Singapore's strategic location. In the meantime, China's huge demands on Singapore's main products
hornbill casques, lakawood and cotton also brought Singapore great profits. In a degree, the success
of Singapore as a port can be described as a product of a good relationship and policy with main
trading countries. Similar situation happened in 1819. As main traders in Southeast Asia, British, or
EIC, had signed a treaty with Singapura to develop its

Similarities And Differences Between Lee Lean Yew And Sukarno
IS Essay
Introduction
This essay seeks to compare and contrast the political and economic leadership styles adopted by
Lee Kuan Yew and Sukarno. PM Lee Kuan Yew was the first prime minister of Singapore and had
turned Singapore from a poor fishing village into a bustling first world country, with world
renowned airports and hotels, all through his clear vision as well as his economic policies during his
governance from 1959–1990. On the other hand, Sukarno was the first president of Indonesia from
the time period of 1945–1967. Sukarno was a prominent leader of Indonesia, who led Indonesia to
its independence and created stability within his home country, ending various rebellions which
threatened her. This essay will thus primarily focus on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nationalists waged an armed feud against the Netherlands with Japanese weapons in hand, who
had powerful financial reasons for recovering the East Indies and believed that most Indonesians
wanted them to return. Dutch forces made generous progress in Java and Sumatra, but there was
fierce judgement from the United Nations, and the United States encouraged a unanimous resolution
for the situation in Indonesia. A council of 120 delegates assembled at The Hague in August 1949,
under the chairmanship of the prime minister of the Netherlands, Willem Drees. The nationalist
delegates were skillfully led by Hatta. On November 2nd, after nearly a 2 and a half months of
debating, the council reached a ⅔ majority on a resolution which transferred Dutch supremacy to
Indonesia, with Queen Juliana of the Netherlands as titular head of a new Netherlands–Indonesian
Union. Sukarno was recognized as Indonesian president and Hatta as prime minister. The sensitive
question of Dutch New Guinea (Irian Jaya) was put aside for later. The Dutch unleashed thousands
of political prisoners before independence was formally declared on December 27th. Finally
attaining independence, a population of 78 million, an island chain approaching 2 million square
kilometres of land immediately had its influence within the Southwest

Was Singapore's Decolonization Process Different from Its...
According to Duara, "From a historian's perspective, decolonization was one of the most important
developments of the twentieth century because it turned the world into the stage of history. "
Therefore, it is of no surprise that much historical research has been devoted to this phenomenon;
and the various nuances among the decolonization processes undergone by the various Southeast
Asian countries have been of interest. For the purpose of this essay, I shall define ‘decolonization'
as "the process whereby colonial powers transferred institutional and legal control over their
territories and dependencies to indigenously based, formally sovereign, nation–states ". Singapore's
‘neighbours' in Southeast Asia are namely: Laos, Vietnam, ... Show more content on
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This is somewhat akin to most of its neighbours' processes, albeit subjected to several nuances.
Secondly, the controversial debate of whether Lee Kuan Yew entered heated debates with Tunku
Abdul Rahman, therefore engineering the whole separation from Malaysia has also raised the
question of whether Lee did seek to have the independence of Singapore as an individual nation–
state. The second salient point of dissimilarity when comparing Singapore's decolonization process
with that of her neighbours is the matter of whether a mass–based indigenous nationalist movement
had emerged on the Singapore political landscape before WWII; and even if it did after the war,
Albert Lau argues that "commentators are still not agreed about its efficacy in ending British rule in
Singapore ". The lack of this movement can be gleaned from the stances the various spectrums of
Singaporean society took: the Indian community remained "politically quiescent" throughout most
of the interwar years, and few issues actually roused the Indians from their "traditional docility" ; the
political awakening among the dominant Chinese and minority Malay, and Indian communities by

Standard Chartered Bank: Strategic Growth And...
1. Introduction
Executive Summary
The aim of the report is to offer a set of recommendations to Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) that
will sustain and improve their competitive position in the next 5 years after analysis and compare
with their key competitors, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC).
In the first section, we will look at the overview of the banking industry such as the strategic
position, its structure, and information on major competitors. We will also look at the strategic
developments at the industry level as well as overall competitive challenges. We analyzed the trends
that impact on the business growth, innovation and risk management. We also examined the
implications of some developments for business, regulatory ... Show more content on
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Over the years, it established a network of offices, which were strategically located throughout the
island to serve the needs of business and industry. The bank had progressively increased the range of
its services in line with the dynamic growth and development of Singapore as an international
business and financial centre.
Standard Chartered Bank is a British bank headquartered in London with operations in more than
seventy countries. It operates a network of over 1,700 branches and outlets (including subsidiaries,
associates and joint ventures) and employs 73,000 people.
Despite its British base, it has few customers in the United Kingdom and 90% of its profits come
from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
Because the bank's history is entwined with the development of the British Empire, its operations lie
predominantly in former British colonies, though over the past two decades it has expanded into
countries that have historically had little British influence. It aims to provide a safe regulatory bridge
between these developing

Singapore Airlines Essay
Introduction:
Singapore Airlines popularly referred to as "SIA" is one of the world's most successful airline in
terms of service and profitability. It is one of the world's largest airline and viewed as one of the best
airlines both by the customers and the competitors at the global level (Chan, 2000). SIA flies in 35
countries on six continents to 61 destinations and provides high–quality service to the customers,
which is the main reason for its success in the aviation industry. SIA's core values such as
uncompromising approach towards safety and security, ethical business practices, commitment to
being a good corporate citizen and dedication to profitable returns to shareholders played a
significant role in its success. This success was attributed to the effective management and the
training within the organization. This paper will discuss the background of the origin, growth and
expansion of SIA, analyse how the marketing, operational and management strategy adopted by SIA
played a major role in gaining a global reputation in the aviation industry.
Origin and Growth:
In 1947, Singapore Airlines began with the incorporation of Malayan Airways Limited (MAL) with
the scheduled services between Singapore, Kuala Lumpur the capital of Malaysia and other parts of
Malaysia such as Ipoh and Penang. In 1955, it started the international service. In 1963, the name of
the airline was changed, from Malayan Airways to Malaysian Airways and was controlled jointly by
the government of

Failure Of Barings
Chronological events that led to the failure of Baring's PLC 1984–1986 In 1984, BB&Co acquired
the entity that became known as Barings Securities Ltd. (BSL) from Henderson Crotiwaite, which
operated as a broker–dealer through subsidiaries in the Pacific, Latin America, New York, and
London. BSL conducted stock brokerage activities out of London and was incorporated in the
Cayman Islands. BSL had several overseas operating subsidiaries, including two in Singapore:
Barings Securities (Singapore) Pte Ltd. (BSS), which principally engaged in securities trading, and
Barings Futures (Singapore) Pte Ltd. (BFS), which BSL formed to allow Barings to trade on
SIMEX. Barings Securities (Japan) Ltd. (BSJ) was the BSL subsidiary that conducted Barings' ...
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(Corp.governance). In the summer of 1994, an internal audit at Barings reported that Leeson had an
"excessive concentration of power" that could lead to "error and fraud (The fall of barings). By mid–
December 1994, Leeson was taking extraordinary gambles in the market and making daily requests
for substantial funds from Barings in London; despite rather feeble attempts to question these
requests, the funds were always provided. Ultimately Baring Brothers authorised UK £538 million
to fund Leeson's activities, a sum that was both illegal and frighteningly close to the bank's entire
assets (The Independent, 4 March 1995).(The risk

Hy2254 Pop Culture in Singapore Term Paper What Does the...
Question Number & the question:
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
4. What does the history of television demonstrate about the wider context of Singapore's history in
the post–1965 period?
Roadmap for Analysis 1. Introduction 1 2. Television and Society's Changing Values 2 3. Television
as a mirror of the Government's goals 5 4. Television as a reflection of Singapore society's maturing
preferences 6 5. Conclusion 7 6. Bibliography 7
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
1. Introduction
Television was introduced to Singapore in 1963 by Radio and Television of Singapore, under close
regulation by a department within the government's Ministry of Culture. Today, local free–to–air
television ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As evidenced by the figures mentioned earlier, enjoying television shows were largely a communal
affair between the 60s and 80s. As it progressed from being an activity enjoyed as a community (in
community centres) to being an activity enjoyed with one's family (at home), we see a shift in
viewing habits, as television watching gradually became a more personal activity, as the average
amount of people which the average person viewed television with became smaller.
The number of channels available for viewing also increased, thus granting greater autonomy to
television viewers. In 1963, there were 2 channels – Channel 5 and Channel 8, which broadcasted
programmes in English and Chinese respectively. By 1985, there were four channels; Prime 12 and
Premiere 12 were added, designed to offer public service and minority language programming. Thus
there was a significant increase in the variety of choices which television viewers had at their
disposal. With greater choice in selecting what they wanted to watch, the masses definitely became
less united in the programmes they watched, as there were now specific channels to cater to a
variety of needs, thus contributing to the gradual shift from collectivism to individualism in
Singapore society.
The shift from collectivism to

Chinese Entrepreneurs in Singapore: Paths to Success Essay
Chinese Entrepreneurs in Singapore: Paths to Success
Due to the economic hardships and threat of Japanese invasion in China in the first half of the 20th
century, many men left their homeland in search of success and opportunities abroad. One of the
places that many of them migrated to was Singapore. This new and foreign place was fraught with
obstacles; however, some of these Chinese men eventually achieved great success. The success of
these Chinese entrepreneurs in Singapore was not only due to their personal determination, but it
was also contingent upon their social ties, and the economic and political conditions. In the
following essay, the experiences of Ng Teow Yhee and Chew Choo Keng will be referred to
extensively to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fearing for his life, Ng went abroad with the goal in mind of obtaining a stable job that would allow
him to afford three meals a day and earn enough money to send home to his parents so that they
would not have to suffer so much. Initially, he did not plan on going to Singapore because of the
negative impressions he had about it; however, since he was unable to obtain a permit in the
Philippines, he was forced to go to Singapore anyways. (Chan & Chiang,
51) Similarly, Chew had no intention of going abroad but was forced to because of the war.
However, his situation was a bit different–in
1934, he actually voluntarily registered for conscription. (Chan &
Chiang, 89) His parents disapproved and sent him abroad to earn a living. Thus, he arrived in
Singapore in 1936. By that time, he had made up his mind only to succeed and earn money to send
back to his parents in order to make them happy. (Chan & Chiang, 90–91) This shows that from the
beginning, both these men had the determination to improve their own, as well as their families'
financial situations and well–being. They had the initial drive towards economic innovation and
risk–taking, which eventually allowed them to achieve great success. However, their hardworking
disposition was not the only precondition necessary to facilitate successful entrepreneurship and
thus should not be considered to be only factor that lead to their success, since in many cases, others
with the same

Development Of Hybrid Colonial Architecture
Colonial architecture is a combination architectural style of a country that has been adapted from the
other countries characteristics, methods and influences. The colonists built settlements and create
hybrid designs that include their countries of origin with the design styles. Europeans came to
Southeast Asia during 16th century. The colonial vision was effectively imposed on Southeast Asia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the Southeast Asia countries were controlled by the
British, Dutch, French and the Americans. Under this colonial rule, the late 19th and early 20th
centuries was a period of fast development of such as new architectural styles, modern construction
methods and techniques, railways, roads, etc. They changed the configurations, construction and
methods to make the buildings more sustainable and maintained.
This essay focuses on the development of hybrid colonial architecture in early 20th century in
Southeast Asia. The essay investigates the different styles of buildings in different locations and
explains how these types of architecture combined both European and local origins. It explains the
Dutch style in Indonesia and the British style in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur/Malaysia while
giving an example building to these styles.
–The Dutch style in East Indies/Indonesia: The church at Puhsarang
–The British

Topic . The Goals Of My Research Strive To Assess The...
Topic
The goals of my research strive to assess the biopolitical construction of a socially embedded
hierarchy of otherness in Singapore, with specific regards to its impact on the reproduction of low–
skilled migrant workers. More concretely, this essay seeks to address the restriction and
stratification of reproduction amongst low–skilled migrant workers in Singapore, illuminating and
analyzing the key structural factors that contribute to this reality. As fertility levels in developed
nations continue to decline and reliance on immigrant labour progressively increases, critical issues
concerning the composition of national and ethnic identity rise to the fore. Singapore, a nation state
with an incredibly strong relationship to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expected Findings
Upon completion of my research, I expect to find that low–skill labour migrants in Singapore
occupy a position at the bottom of the social order. Hence, due to a number of criteria, they are
strictly "othered" by the Singaporean state and their reproduction is consequently devalued via
various mechanisms. If these are the findings I come to, I will conclude that the restriction and
stratification of low–skill labour migrant 's reproduction functions as a means for the state to
construct a certain national identity; one comprised of ideal, desirable citizens.
Developing Argument
Due to their marginal position on a biopoitically constructed hierarchy of otherness, labour migrants
in Singapore often exist as a form of "bare life" (Agamben 1998); one constructed through
biopolitical action, characterized by a lack of access to resources generally available to other
demographics, and solidified through a restriction to safe, fulfilling, and free reproductive lives.
While Singaporean society deems high–skilled and ethnic majority migrants as socially valuable,
low–skilled labour migrants – who are largely uneducated, poor, and socially precarious – find their
degree of reproductive agency acutely stratified. Thus, various structural barriers exist with regards
to reproduction for migrants, many of which remain absent for the majority of Singapore 's

History Of Singapore Airline, A Global Commerce, Financial...
History of Singapore Airline
Singapore not only known as a global commerce, financial and transportation hub, but also the
second smallest country in Asia. Over the last two decades, if a question asks to name one of the
best knows global brand in Singapore. No surprised to see the answer will most likely to be
Singapore Airline. From a little regional airline operated with a twin engine airspeed consul into one
of the world most respected travel brands and cargo carriers that consistently ranks amongst the
world's top 10 airlines, Singapore Airline has come a long way since founded in 1972.
Fleet and Air network
Started with 6000 staffs, 10 aircraft that flies to 18 counties from the very beginning to nowadays,
Singapore Airline flies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new flights will be operated by Boeing 777–200s with a total of 266 seat and scheduled to
operate four times a week from Singapore and connect to both Australia and New Zealand capitals.
The Return flights will be on a Wellington – Canberra – Singapore routing.
Type of service and revenue
As being a market leadership and cost–effective operators, Singapore Airline not only operate
services such as passenger and cargo air transportation via Singapore to the primary cities around
the world, but also offer cabin crew, ground positions and pilots training, engineering services and
so on and so forth. Moreover, Singapore Airline is one of the most profitable airline among its major
competitors within Asia during the global recession of 2015. According to the annual report of
2014/2015 from Singapore Airline, it has a revenue of $15,566 million US dollar with 18,737
thousand passengers carried while its major competitors Japan Airlines Co. LTD and Cathay Pacific
Airway LTD have $11,912 and $13,646 million US dollar with 39,437 and 31,570 thousand
passengers carried, respectively.
Strong reputation and brand building management Unlike others airline, Singapore airline more
likely to focus on reputation and brand building primarily from the early start. Since Singapore is a
very small island with a really low

Battle Of Singapore Research Paper
The Battle of Singapore was also known as the Fall of Singapore. The fall of Singapore to the
Japanese Army occurred on the 15th of February 1942. It was probably Britain's worst defeat in
World War Two. It was fought in the Southeast Asian theatre of the Second World War. It started
when the Empire of Japan invaded the Allied stronghold of Singapore. The fighting in Singapore
lasted from 8–15th of February 1942.
What happened?
What happened was that Japan capture from England and Britain surrendered their military. As a
result of this many soldiers were held under the POWs (prisoners of war). About 80,000 British,
Indian and Australian troops were prisoners of war. British Primer Minister Winston Churchill said
the fall of Singapore to Japan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here is a man whose death will lighten your heart."
The British military failures
The British military was also stretched because of the war in Europe. They were unable to build the
defences they wanted and often they were supplied with the wrong equipment and supplies. For
example the costal funs only issued ammo for shooting at ships when they were needed to explode
over troops. They also had fixed gun emplacements and defensive fortifications. The preparations
for the defence of Singapore was also inadequate and poorly planned. The British troops were also
told that the Japanese troops were poor fighters.
The commander of the Australian forces in Singapore later said:
"The whole operation seems incredible: 550 miles in 55 days – forced back by a small Japanese
army of only two divisions, riding stolen bicycles and without artillery support."
Sir Winston Churchill had stated before the final Japanese attack:
"There must be no thought of sparing the troops or population; commanders and senior officers
should die with their troops. The honour of the British Empire and the British Army is at

Ssa2211 As1
Name: Wang Minghui Matriculation no. A0105569Y Tutor's name: Dr Donna Brunero Tutorial
group: GE2 Total word count: part1–1137 words; part2–264 words. Part1: About two hundred years
ago, Raffles arrived at a small fishing village in Melaka Strait, took charge of it and started a new
generation. Now, this small fishing village is named Singapore and became one of the most
globalized countries in the world. Raffles, the adventurer in 1819, is still an iconic hero in
Singapore's social memory. This paper will interpret the founding of Singapore in 1819 as a result of
four main factors: Raffles' ambition as a clerk of the East India Company, the Anglo– Dutch
competition, Malay policy and Temasek's revival as a trading emporium in 14th ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, if EIC didn't send Raffles to Singapore, there may be someone sent by other colonial
powers or some outstanding local leaders in Singapore that can plan and run Singapore and make it
a global city. Hence, Raffles' and EIC's efforts can only be seen as catalyzer of Singapore's success
in trading. Reference Batavia. Retrieved from
http://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/batavia.html George P, L. The British East India
Company – the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two). Retrieved from
http://www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/india/eic.html Kwa, C, G. "Why did Tengku Hussein
Sign the 1819 Treaty with Stamford Raffles?" in Malays/Muslims in Singapore: Selected Readings
in History 1819–1965, eds. Khoo Kay Kim, Elinah Abdullah, Wan Meng Hao (Subang Jaya,
Selangor: Pelanduk Publications, 2006), pp.05. Kwa, C, G. Singapore, A 700– Year History From
Early Emporium to World City. PP. 27–28. Lesley, N, B. The Contemplator's Short History of the
Anglo–Dutch Wars. Retrieved from http://www.contemplator.com/history/dutchwar.html Noltie, H.
J. (2009). Raffles' Ark Redrawn: Natural History Drawings from the Collections of Sir Thomas
Stamford Raffles. Raffles' Diary. (Feb, 1819). Stephen, D. The Singapore River/Port in a Global
Context.

The Impact Of The Fall Of Singapore On Australia
In this essay I will be talking about the impact of the fall of Singapore on Australia's immediate
security, and also be giving a brief background of important events during that time.
The Fall of Singapore is considered one of the greatest defeats in British History. For it to be
overtaken and then occupied by the Japanese posed a massive threat and shock to Australia, which
then caused Australia to withdraw troops introduce conscription and also the USA came in to help
Australia against the threatening Japanese.
Singapore was highly protected by both the British and the Australians forces and acted as a major
base for these countries. To the British it was their biggest naval base in Asia and since Britain had
the most powerful Navy in the war, Singapore was seen to be impenetrable. Over 130,000 British
and Empire troops defended Singapore, and then later in 1941 Australia contributed by sending over
15,000 men. However the mistake that the British made was that they were prepared and almost
certain that the Japanese would attack from the sea. But on February 8th 1942, the Japanese
marched on through down Malaya and surprised Singapore at the north entry and then used precise
air attacks to cause widespread panic and unnerve their enemy. Singapore was overtaken in 7 days
and the British surrendered on 15th February 2014. Out of the 145 000 combined soldiers in
Singapore, most of them would spend the rest of the war in prison camps like Changi Prison while
thousands of them were killed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Singapore was also a gateway to other countries in South–East Asia such as New Guinea, Indonesia,
Dutch–East Indies (Indonesia) and Philippines as seen in Figure 1. After this, it was the first time in
Australia's history is was the first time they were under threat from any country "Yellow

In Memoriam Lee Kuan Yew
"Historians are people who always seek the truth about the past insofar as that is possible. Truth that
is never quite attainable in a straight line that is never precisely straight. Historians are craftsmen
who construct their story on the basis of evidence by selecting and arranging the facts (or ideas,
values, or artefacts) in a chronological sequence that has a beginning". (Williams, 2007) In this
essay, I would be exploring a SG50 commemoration event of a National Museum exhibition
entitled: "In Memoriam: Lee Kuan Yew". By exploring a selection of photographic, audio and visual
records, including artefacts from the National Museum Collection, the selected exhibition brings us
through Mr Lee's early years at Cambridge while he was studying law and his experiences in the
anti–colonial struggle which was weaved as part of the Singapore History. History covers many
aspects of truth and this essay will look into how these snippets of history were selected on the basis
of various facts, ideas, values, artefacts and how these ideas affect the way history is crafted as the
truth and how it is presented to the public.
History has been written as a hagiographic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The exhibits are an example of how the government and institutions such as the National Heritage
board glorify Mr Lee's legacy as part of "National History". Symbols of Mr Lee's unwavering
commitment to Singapore with the narratives and pictorial evidence of how he fought for our
independence, his efforts to build our international relations with the many meetings with world
leaders and to ensure Singapore would remain self sufficient were featured. Much of what was
shown to the public were about his determination and self sacrifice for Singapore and such
"National histories" form an integral part of the collective memory for the people of

The History Of Singapore Is Rich With Surprising Twists,...
The history of Singapore is rich with surprising twists, bendy turns and wondrous triumphs. A very
long, long time ago during the 14th century, a small but strategically located island that had once
been named "island at the end of a peninsula" then changed to Temasek ("Sea Town") then to
Singapura and eventually to what it is now known as Singapore. It got the name Singapura from a
prince from Palembang who was on a hunting trip when he caught sight of an animal he had never
seen before. Taking this as a good sign he founded the city where the animal had been spotted giving
it the name " The Lion City" or Singapura or so the legend says. The city was ruled by 5 kings and
was located at the very tip of the Malay Peninsula, which is the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The treaty established Singapore as a trading station and the city quickly grew from there as an
entrepot trade hub, which attracted immigrants from all over (China, India, the Malay
Archipelago...). Raffles also implemented the Raffles Town Plan/ Jackson Plan three years later in
1822, to address the issue of growing disorderliness in the colony within the segregated 4 ethnic
residential areas. The 4 areas were the European Town made up of European traders, Eurasians, and
rich Asians; the ethnic Chinese were in Chinatown; the Ethnic Indians in Chulia Kampong area, and
in Kampong Glam there was Muslims, ethnic Malays and Arabs. Things continued to prosper and
do well in Singapore especially after 1869 when the Suez Canal opened which allowed for
steamships to become the major form of ocean transport. With Singapore's excellent harbor, it
became a flourishing commercial center and the leading seaport of Southeast Asia. It handled the
vast export in tin and rubber from British–ruled Malaya until the Japanese capturing. Unfortunately,
all good things hit a rough patches, as did Singapore during WWII when they were attacked by
Japanese on 8th December 1941. They lasted till the 15th of February 1942 where they surrendered
to the Japanese and remained under them until the Straits Settlement in 1946. Under the Japanese
control the port was doing terrible. It would make sense since first the Japanese attacked and then
from allied bombings on the

World War Two Was The Largest Ever Global Military Conflict
World War Two was the largest ever global military conflict and lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war
was fought mostly between the Allies who mainly consisted of the United Kingdom, United States
of America and the Soviet Union and the Axis, mainly Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan. The Axis
were formed out of mutual goals and to secure each of their own expansionist interests while the
Allies were created in retaliation to stop their aggression throughout Europe and Asia. There were
many theatres of war throughout such as the South–East Asian theatre which was one of the
bloodiest conflicts during the war and lasted from 8 December 1941 – 9 September 1945. The
balance of power shifted continuously throughout the theatre. Many defeats occurred on ... Show
Singapore was also renowned known for its strategic location within South East Asia and capturing
the base would provide a significant boost in capabilities of naval invasions to other islands
(Bergland, 2014, Online). Taking over Singapore would have crippled the Allies' offensive
capabilities within the South East Asian and Pacific regions while Japan could proceed to invade the
oil rich islands of the Dutch East Indies with much more ease and less fear of counter–attack. On the
8th of February 1942, the Japanese put this strategy into effect and invaded. General Tomoyuki
Yamashita, nicknamed "The Tiger of Malaya", was in command of the Battle of Singapore, he and
his soldiers were outnumbered at a one to three ratio. His men were also limited to just two bowls of
rice each and 100 rounds of ammunition a day. Yamashita's strategy, or more famously known as
"Yamashita's Bluff", was an ingenious tactic to fool the Allies into believing the Japanese had more
troops, supplies and equipment than what the soldiers really had. Yamashita himself also stated "My
attack on Singapore was a bluff – a bluff that worked. I had 30,000 men and was outnumbered more
than three to one. I knew that if I had to fight for long for Singapore, I would be beaten. That is why
the surrender had to be at once..." (Ron Taylor, 2011, Online) Soon however Yamashita's bluff had
paid off as he and his men marched into Singapore

South Kore Not Always Its Own Country, Before World War I
South Korea– History South Korea was not always its own country, before World War ll, there were
neither North nor South Korea, just Korea. In 1905 Japan occupied the country while fighting with
Russia and by 1910 Japan annexed the country which meant Korea was now under Japans rule.
Japan was able to hold onto Korea from then until the Second World War. On August 8, 1945, the
Soviet Union decided to declare war on Japan and invaded Korea, during this time the US had
already been in Korea fighting against the Japanese. A few days after the bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Japan surrendered the war, resulting in Japans loss of Korea. After the war the Allies
agreed at the Potsdam conference that the country would be split along the 38th ... Show more
There is also an introduction to Chinese culture which had a large influence. These influences are
seen in the form of Buddhism, theories of Confucianism, writing systems, and government
modeling. The Second period is the Nara and Heian Periods which ranges from 710– 1192. In this
period there was a decline in Chinese influence even though it was still popular. Japan started
developing its own taste and began adapting Chinese influencers to better fit them, there was a rise
in status for military due to the popularity of the Samurai. This popularity was caused by the upper
classes using them for protection. During the Kamakura Period (1192–1333), there was a change in
government structure that made many government offices powerless, there was an introduction to
new Buddhist sects as well as many attempted invasions by the Mongols who were constantly
defeated or retreating due to weather. This also marked a time of financial problems caused by not
having enough to pay men who fought against the Mongols. The next period Muromachi Period
spanned from 1338–1573. During this time government lost most of its power and the political
newcomers were members of land owning military families. This period was the beginning of the
age of civil wars. This is also when fire arms and Christianity are first introduced to Japan. After,
came the Azuchi–Momoyama Period

Why Is Singapore Contesting the Claim over Pedra Branca...
INTRODUCTION Origins of the Dispute The dispute over Pedra Branca between Singapore and
Malaysia originated on 21 December 1979 when Malaysia published it's Map Showing the
Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf Borders and for the first time included Pedra Branca within
her territorial waters. In a response to the 1979 map, Singapore lodged a protest against it on 15
February 1980, rejecting Malaysia's claim and requesting it to recognise Singapore's sovereignty
over Pedra Branca. The note also reiterated that no country has ever questioned or contested
Singapore's sovereignty over the island. Since then, there have been a series of bilateral exchanges,
in the hope of solving the problem of ownership of Pedra Branca. After failing to ... Show more
In a speech addressed to the Parliament in December 1965, then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew
declared that "any policy which endangers our long–term interests as separate and distinct
community in this region mush be eschewed." Applying this to Pedra Branca, if Singapore was to
meekly accept the sudden annexation of the island by Malaysia, it would signal to other countries in
the region that "rule of might" can easily replace the "rule of law" and encourage willful statements
such as these made by an UMNO Johor politician, who in relation to the Pedra Branca dispute once
commented "if we want to be calculating, even Singapore belongs to us." In this case "physical
preservation of the borders has become synonymous with the state of the union" and that to maintain
sovereignty over existing borders is to confirm the legitimacy of the state. Strategic Reasons
(Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Located at 1º19.8'N, 104º24.4'E, Pedra Branca lies at the
eastern entrance of the Straits of Singapore and is buttressed by the South China Sea in the East.
Historically and in contemporary times, the Straits of Singapore has been one of the busiest shipping
straits in the world because it links the South China Sea with the Straits of Malacca. This means that
ships traveling between Europe and Asia will invariably have to pass through the Straits of
Singapore and the port of Singapore. With no natural resources but blessed with a

Pulau Blakang Mati Essay
Pulau Blakang Mati, island behind dead, Singapore Looking at the old pictures in album, Jane found
her memories of vacation she spend with her 4 friend in Singapore island called Sentosa, also
referred as Pulau Blakang Mati (behind the dead) between local people. She learned that one night
sitting on the sand with man she never seen before or after. He was not local, moved there with his
parents when his father was stationed there before Singapore got independent from United
Kingdom. He moved back to UK for couple of years, and again went to Pulau Blakang Mati to live
until rest of his life. Everything she has from her adventure on Blakang Mati, is the memory of that
little piece of heaven, perfectly organized and well planned. Every inch of island is paradise for
someone else, there is something for every person interest. From adrenalin places to nature lovers.
She remember how it was when she was young and wild, those memories will keep her happy for
the rest of her life, and holiday adventure called John. She will remember him until the rest of her
life. Looking at the world map of tropic islands and researching the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Earlier, island was also home of pirates, so the caves are parts of hiding places pirates used to stash
robed treasure. John told her about his obsession and what he have found until now. It wasn't much,
but adventure he had exploring left her speechless. He found this cave one day, part of nature intact
and unchanged over thousands of years. When she came out it was like the medium sized hall. Air
was clean to breathe, but she could not see clearly with the pocket lamp and light from water. When
John lighted torch, her mouth came wide opened. She felt like little mermaid. Little lakes were all
around her, natures work. Sealing was carved stone, pirate signs carved in some parts of cave. It was
like she is in the movie. Unreal place even for Hollywood

Singapore : A Very Interesting Place
Mason Vargas
January 13, 2017
Period 3
History Essay
Singapore History Essay Singapore is a very interesting place. For quite a while people did not even
know what to call it, a city, a country or just a territory. It is currently called an island city state. It is
located off of the coast of Malaysia and Singapore is a very large center of global finance. Its
currency is the Singapore dollar, its GDP is 55,182 United States dollar. And, its official languages
are English, Tamil, Malay and standard Mandarin. A third of their religion is Buddhist and 18.8
percent is Christian. Singapore governs itself on a Westminster parliamentary system and their
current president is Tony Teng Keng Yam. (Britannica 1–2; YourSingapore 1–5) In 1299 the ... Show
A man named Yew Hock who was the pro–independence leader for Singapore convinced Brittan to
have self–government in all matters besides defense and foreign affairs. (Nations 2) During the
elections in 1959, the People's Action party (PAP) won. This meant that Malaysia became a self–
governing state under Lee Kuan Yew who was the first Prime Minister. Later Yusof bin Ishak
became the first president in 1965. Once PAP was firmly and comfortably under Lee's control, he
met with other leaders of nations such as Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak to sign the Malaysia
Agreement on July 9, 1963, after this agreement was formally signed Malaysia was formally an
independent nation. Lee announced Singapore's independence from Britain on August 31, 1963.
Many opponents of the merge were put into jail, and the PAP won most of the seats in the assembly.
Although the threats of military confrontation from Indonesia and l raids on Sabah and Sarawak by
Indonesia, the merge took place on September 16, 1963. The new federation was based on an
unstable alliance between Malays and The Chinese. Riots took place in various parts of the new
nation, including Singapore. In the end, the merge failed. As a state, Singapore did not obtain the
economic progress it had hoped for, and political tensions rose between Singapore and Kuala
Lumpur. In the end, Singapore's independence had to be stripped away from them.

Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles is one of the key persons who are responsible to the founding of
modern Singapore. He played an important role in forming a British Settlement, Singapore, in the
Melaka straits despite facing rejections, such as Dutch or even resistance in London itself. He is a
controversial person even in his time. Hence there is no doubt that there are lots of information
about him and founding of Singapore in the internet. However, how do we assess these websites for
its appropriateness towards scholarly research is the main objective of this essay. According to The
Sheridan Libraries an appropriate source for scholarly research would have information such as
"authorship, publishing body, point of view, referral to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Just take an example, "...Raffles became a subject of controversy and a target of attack, from British
as well as Dutch adversaries. To some, Raffles was an admired reformer, who wanted to abolish the
slave trade, and ameliorate the lot of the people. To others, he was simply a young and ambitious
schemer." This paragraph gives me a feeling that he is a controversial figure even during his time.
The word "ambitious schemer" also reflects that he may not be as pure as a saint. All these that I
have mentioned, didn't come to me when I was reading the source from Wikipedia. With these, in
certain account, there is a different in objectivity of the author of these two sources. Besides that, "it
was Farquhar who worked alongside the Malay rulers for four years to secure the survival and
growth of the British settlement on Singapore Island..." gives a general account on what Farquhar
had contributed to the development of Singapore. This just gives me an impression of what
Singapore was at that time, and it was definitely not the sole contribution and hard work of Raffles.
The source did mention an outline of the life of Raffles. The author did give a high regards on
Raffles effort to abolish slavery. This can be showed "He held strongly to moral principles on the
dignity and equality of human beings..." . Besides that, the source also mentions two important
names in the founding of Singapore, William

The Fall Of Singapore : A Year Ignite Clement Chuah
Fall of Singapore HASS 2nd Year Ignite Clement Chuah – 24 August 2015 Introduction The Fall
of Singapore was considered one of the greatest defeats in the history of the British Army. It was
also considered Britain 's worst defeat in World War Two. The Japanese had already taken many
other countries in the Asia–Pacific region during the war but Singapore was one of the worse. This
report will explain the reasons and events that led to the fall of Singapore and how it affected people
around the world. Events that led up the Fall of Singapore By the end of 1941, Japan had already
conquered Korea and Indonesia. If Japan wanted to expand and obtain more resources, it needed to
destroy the American, British, Dutch and Australian bases that were standing in its way. On the 7 of
December 1941, over 200 Japanese planes attacked the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
The planes attacked American ships, cargo and personnel. 188 The extent of the Asia–Pacific region
controlled by Japan in 1942 (5.) American planes, 19 warships and 2500 personnel were among the
casualties. The attack was made to destroy all of the US's Pacific fleet. After this event, the citizens
of America supported the US President in declaring war against Japan. After the Pearl Harbor attack,
Japan continued its attack on the Asia–Pacific region. In early 1942, japan was going to attack
Singapore, which was Britain's Far East naval base. Japanese planes attacked the Royal Australian
Air force base

Differences Between Singapore And Malaysia
Singapore and Malaysia were both similarly colonized by the British. However, their development
after independence differed in many ways. In this paper, I will examine, with help from resources
provided in the course and minimal research, how their colonial experiences affected their political
and social development after independence. After which, investigating the depth of influence their
colonizers had, and why, differing racial ideologies had the greatest impact on their development.
Malaysia was colonized late by the British, with the Dutch colonizing Malacca first. In British
Malaya, the split anthropological imagination of Oriental Chinese and Malay was the basis of a split
colonial rule in which the governor presided over protectorate government, incorporating Malay
royalty and aristocratic rajas in the Peninsular Malay States and Crown Colony government in the
Straits Settlements. Despite settling down of both Chinese and Indian immigrants in Malaya, the
colonial government maintained their non–resident status in the Malay states and gave 'British
subject' status only to the descendants of immigrants in the settlements. Between 1814 to 1860 the
British were in a state of non–interference. Non–interference meant that the different sultan states
could decide how they wanted to design their state. Since the colonial government never accepted
the Chinese as permanent residents of the country, it is not surprising that the Malay population in
Malaysia believed the

The Fall Of Singapore
The Fall of Singapore to the Japanese happened on the 15th February 1942 and is thought to be one
of the greatest defeats in the entire history of the British Army and most likely Britain's worst defeat
in all of World War 2. Singapore was considered to be a major part of the British Empire and it was
thought to be as strong as a fortress. Improvement's to Singapore as a British military base had only
been completed in 1938, a mere 4 years before the fall of Singapore. On the 8th February 1942, the
Japanese attacked across the Johor Strait. Many of the Allied fighters were simply too far away to
have any influence on the battle as they were spread out along the 112 kilometer coastline. They
were also kept away from the battle as it was feared that the Japanese would make another attack
further along the coastline. The Japanese took 100,000 men prisoner in Singapore, of which 9,000
died. It was on the 15th February 1942 on which General Percival, who was the British commander
in Singapore, called for a ceasefire and made the decision to surrender. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
8,000 of the 22,000 died in captivity. There are claims of cowardice and desertion by Australian
troops in Singapore that surfaced in 1933 when a secret report by Sir Archibald Wavell, the British
General, was discovered in London saying "For the fall of Singapore itself the Australian's are

Singapore Airlines History Traced to Malaysian Airways Essay
Singapore airline's History can be traced back to when it was found in 1947 with Malaysian Airlines
(known as Malayan Airways). Its first flight linked commenced from Singapore Kallang to various
places like Kuala Lampur, Ipoh and Penang. Malaysian federation was formed in 1963 naming the
company to Malaysian Airways and further changing it name to Malaysia–Singapore airlines (MSA)
in the year 1966. In 1972 the MSA Company was split into two, Singapore airlines and Malaysian
airlines system (Renamed as Malaysian Airlines) and thus The Singapore International Airline (SIA)
was formed (Star Alliance, 2014).
SIA with their route network has exceeded to 63 Destinations in 35 countries that serves in Asia,
Europe, North America, the Middle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the research SIA has achieved its outstanding performance by implementing a dual
approach; Differentiation through their service excellence and Innovation and together with cost
leadership in its peer group. According to Michael Porter's influence suggestion this dual strategy
was seemingly unachievable as both the differentiation and cost leadership were mutually exclusive
different kind of investment strategies across the value chain (Management, 2014). As a part of
International Strategies, In April 2000, the company had joined the star Alliance one of the three
major airlines alliance. Although through the other side SIA have been investing in China and India
through various strategic alliances with their local organization like the cargo division, airport
services and catering (Bsr.london.edu, 2006).
Below table shows Singapore airline's performance comparatively to its competitors: Source:
London Business School BSR Valuable Information of expertise in Technology has been the aspect
for SIA's strategy in enhancing the customer service as well as increasing the efficiency. Effectual
use of IT has considerably condensed cost and improved serviced levels, With the business –level
strategy approach (Management, 2014). SIA has been able to come up with the premium service to
its loyal customers. Singapore airlines chain its dual strategy of cost

The Political Structure Of Singapore
DESCRIBE THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE A. Type The Sovereign Republic of Singapore, an
island country located in the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia has a
parliamentary government with a legal system based on the English common law. The President
Tony Tan Keng Yam is the chief of state and the Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong is the head of the
government. Singapore adopted its constitution in 1965, which exercises the concept of original
jurisdiction. This means cases can be presented for the first time for a hearing at a High Court. The
constitution represents the supreme law of the land. Also, in 1965, Singapore joined the United
Nations. The three organs of state, the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary follow the
Constitution's fundamental principles. The Cabinet, comprised of the Executive takes care of the
administration of the government and is accountable to the Parliament. Elected by a plurality vote,
the President serves for six years. The authority responsible for enacting the legislation is the
Parliament. Also, by plurality vote and single–member constituencies, citizens elect 12 members; a
group representation constituency system elects 75 members; the President nominates 9 members;
and from a national compensatory list, 3 members are also appointed. The President appoints for life
the Judiciary branch, which administers justice without any influence from the other branches.
Under the article 25 of the constitution, the President of

Decolonisation of Singapore
John de Bhal
Singapore achieved independence in 1959 due to a lack of British colonial retaliation to the
Japanese occupation during World War II. In 1965, it achieved independence for a second time as a
result of poor leadership within the Federation of Malaysia from both Tunku Abdul Rahman and Lee
Kuan Yew.
Singapore, unlike most other states and nations, has achieved independence twice: once in 1959
when it was decolonised by the British;1 then again after it was expelled from the Federation of
Malaysia in 1965, into which Singapore had integrated in 1963. 2 In contrast to many other
independence movements, Singapore's were not violent; political decisions led to the island nation's
independence in both instances. Nationalism and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Representative of a Singaporean government perspective.
11
John de Bhal
of unity, a year of constitutional revolution and political stability...".12 All in all, the British took the
path of least resistance when leaving Singapore, even though Singaporean authorities and people
wanted their own independent nation at that point.13 The British economy was struggling and it was
apparent that Singapore was too much of a ﬁnancial burden.14 It was the nationalistic feeling
inspired by Lee Kuan Yew and the PAP, which came about as a result of Japanese occupation during
World War II, that caused the decolonisation of Singapore in 1959.
The racially prejudiced and poor leadership of Tunku Abdul Rahman
contributed signiﬁcantly to Singapore's independence and expulsion from the Federation of
Malaysia in 1965. Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaya, and then Malaysia, from 1957
to 1970 15 placed the needs of his nation before the needs of the merged Federation. He outlined in
1958 that if Singapore wanted to merge with what was Malaya at that point, then "... they
[Singapore] must be ready to serve, ready to die if need be, for Malaya and Malaya alone."16
Nations surrounding Singapore and Malaysia were consequently adamant that the merger was not
going to be a success because of this, and that the Tunku was going to privilege the people of his
nation in any circumstance.17 This is reinforced as President Sukarno

Government of the Republic of Singapore (1961) State of

Japanese Imperial Expansion
The Japanese imperial expansion was a major cause of the battle in Singapore. In 1940, Japan allied
itself with the Axis powers and by 1941, Japan had effectively been engaged in a 10–year campaign
of expansion in East Asia in the quest for much needed resources, especially oil. Before expanding
further into South–East Asia, Japan wanted to remove the threat of the US Navy based at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii. This surprise attack was the beginning of war in the Pacific on the 7th of December
1941. In just two bombings the Japanese had accomplished the sinking or damaging of 21 American
ships, destroyed 188 aircraft and damaged 159, killed nearly 2400 American military personnel and
wounded over 1000 people (including civilians). This surprise attack caused the fall of signore
attack, uniting America to work for the Allied military victory, as until this attack they were divided
over the question of involvement in the war. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By this time the Japanese had begun their attack on Singapore, the island at the southern end of the
Malay Peninsula and the home of Britain's navy in Asia. The Japanese attack on Singapore began on
8th February and within six days had reached Singapore city. Japanese soldiers made their way
through the Malay jungle towards Singapore, with Japanese aircraft bombing Singapore's key sites,
at the same time. The British army was convinced the Japanese assault would come from the sea, to
the south of the island and had fortified its coastal defenses accordingly. It was a fatal
miscalculation. On the 8th forces streamed into Singapore across the narrow straights of Jahore, on
the island's north west. The British troops were unable to reach the beaches in time to stop the
Japanese and the Australian defenders were spread to thinly and were quickly forced back by wave
after wave of Japanese invaders. The Australians suffered many long and short term consequences
of the fall of Singapore. The Japanese attacks surprised and demoralized the

The rapid rise of economies in Asia over the past few...
The rapid rise of economies in Asia over the past few decades has been phenomenal. According to
(Steven, Jeffrey and Jong–Wha, 1997), Asian countries such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan,
Korea, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia grew at an average of over 5.5% per year in per
capita terms between 1965 and 1990. The mentioned 08 Asian countries are also known as the eight
high–performing Asian economies (HPAEs). With exception to some post–war European countries,
such growth rates at this magnitude and duration are unprecedented in human history. During the
mentioned timeline, 23 economies in East Asia grew faster than those of all other regions (Page,
1994). According to (David, 2014), over the past decade, Asia accounted for ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Overview of Singapore
The republic of Singapore is a small island that gained independence from the British in 1959 when
the British granted the island autonomy on internal affairs. The future looked bleak for Singapore as
it faced many global and internal economic challenges.
In 1963, Singapore joined with Malaya, Sarawak, Brunei and North Borneo to form the Federation
of Malaysia. Singapore felt that by joining Malaysia it would benefit the economy by creating more
jobs, creating a free market in the process lowering trade taxes and supporting new industrial and
manufacturing industries.
In 1965, due to racial riots and disagreements between Singapore and the Malaysian Federation
government, Singapore withdrew from the Federation of Malaysia to become an independent,
sovereign and democratic republic.
Some of the challenges that it faced was; A small island with no natural resources, high
unemployment rates, more ports near Singapore were developed and Singapore faced stiff
completion from them, there were insufficient government schools to take in all children of school–
going age, poor housing conditions as there were many overcrowded and unhygienic squatters, the
population had a low proficiency in English, etc. The government focused on economic growth to
ensure the survival of the country.
3. 3–pronged strategy adopted by the Government
According to (The Civil Service College, 2009), a 3–pronged strategy was adopted by the
government to ensure

Consumer Health Industry Analysis: The Market Analysis Of...
1 Introduction
Johnson & Johnson (J&J) is a pharmaceutical multinational corporation (MNC) that compromises of
one of the world's largest consumer health products, medical devices, biologics (genetically–
engineered proteins derived from human genes) and pharmaceuticals.
J&J have an extensive history that go back to the 1880s. It was by three brothers of the Johnson
family in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. Since then, Johnson & Johnson has several
accomplishments that led to their succession today such as pioneering the first commercial first–aid
kit in the 1880s and the inventionBAND–AID® in the 1920s.As of 2016, the headquarters is still in
New Brunswick and they have more than 265 operating companies in more than 60 countries
employing approximately 126,500 people. (Johnson & Johnson, 2016)
J&J is classified under the healthcare or/and the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Their
main competitors in the health care industry will be multinational pharmaceutical companies such as
Abbot Laboratories and Gilead Sciences Inc. (Stock Analysis On Net, 2016) From my background
knowledge, under the consumer health products, J&J have strong competitors such as Unilever
and,Procter and Gamble.
Due to the large size of J&J, we will focus on Singapore for PESTEL and the pharmaceutical and
biotechnology industry for Porter's 5 forces.
2 PESTEL Analysis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
J&J can participate in campaigns such as Skills Future or allocate workshops to educate employees.
Raising productivity can be as simple as educating staffs on the use of technology or Microsoft
offices (E.g. Word, Excel), which allows employees make use of technology and use softcopy of
information. This can reduce production costs and carbon foot print (increase environmental
friendliness) while increasing productivity and thus, such campaigns is effective and will achieve a
high Return on Investment

ITM Assignment Environmental AnalysisTWG TEAByLi Haozhen
ITM Assignment
Environmental Analysis
TWG TEA
By
Li Haozhen （CT0171418）
1 Aug 2014
This report is prepared for the TWG tea company and its operations in Singapore. The purpose of
this report is to perform an environmental analysis on TWG. The structure of this report including
the description of following details: First of all, the report is going to give the background
information of the TWG tea company, and its operation country, Singapore. Secondly, for analyzing
the external environment of TWG, PESTLE analysis and Porter's 5 forces will be shown in the
report. And then, this report will follow by the strategic recommendations, after that, this report will
end with the conclusion.
The key products of TWG tea company is offering ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exchange rate is higher than the neighbor country US $1.00 = SG $ 1.5, which means easier attract
skillful overseas workers
Social–culture
Singaporeans work time is short, normally end at in the afternoon
75% of population is Chinese
There are 4 main races mix in Singapore, also have 4 main languages in Singapore. Official
language is English
Social influenced by the Asian country, already have the tea–drinking culture
Online network is becoming normal
Technology
Internet usage is high, Singapore ranked 20th in Internet connection speed. 2nd highest Internet
penetration. (Akamai Technologies,n.d)
Smart phone and private laptop usage is high
Transportation in Singapore is very advanced and convenient
Wi–Fi coverage is high, easily to link the Internet

Credit card usage is high
Singapore government is developing the e–services
Legal
Singapore is a sovereign republic, with a legal system based on the English common law.
(government of Singapore, 2014)
Singapore's legal is strict, the crime rate is low, and government corruption is low.
Singapore highly regarded for foreign workers, immigration laws are liberal for talent workforces.
The legal for business production is

Japanese Occupation Essay
The Japanese Occupation lasted from 1942 to 1945. During these years, the British were unable to
divert their forces to help Singapore and Singaporeans became united as they stood together to
defend their country. Firstly, a Singapore nation is one where the people are united and share a
common past. Some may argue that the Japanese Occupation did not aid in the making of the
Singapore nation as it intensified ethnic diversity. However, they fail to realise that the Japanese
occupation has led to people sharing a common past experience and gaining a sense of pride from it.
Therefore, the Japanese occupation years were of significant relevance to the making of the
Singapore nation as it has not only resulted in a change in mindset of the citizens ... Show more
Before the Japanese occupation, Singapore was under the British colonial rule and had the
perception that the British were superior and powerful. It was only after the Japanese occupation
was the myth of western invincibility destroyed and people in Asia started to realise that anti–
colonisation could happen. Moreover, during the Japanese occupation, the British were not able to
send their troops to protect Singapore due to a concurrent war going on in Europe. Singapore was
left to defend for herself without the help of the British. Thus, Singapore also learnt the valuable
lesson of not depending on others for its own survival. This can be seen by Singapore building up
their defences and starting up national service immediately after gaining independence. Therefore,
the Japanese occupation led Singaporeans to believe that it is possible for them to develop a new
nation, one that does not involve colonial

Economy of Singapore
Introduction
In this essay we look in–depth on how government strategies and economic policy play a crucial
role in the success of High Performance Asian Economies (HPAEs) during 1960 to 1990 (World
Bank 1993).There are eight countries within HPAEs: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore,
Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Its economic development has significantly rise that it was
name 'East Asia Miracle' (World Bank, 1993).
Out of the eight country, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea were known as "Asia's
Four Little Dragon" along with Japan has modern it industry in rapid growth after World War II,
(Ezra F, 1991).
To understand the success behind Asia's Four Little Dragon, the government economic policies and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government economic strategy change from labour market to capital and skilled worker
industry. The new education system introduce in 1979, after the completion of secondary education
due to individual students' academic result it can lead to 3 pathway. Institution Technical Education
(ITE), Polytechnic (Occupational) and Junior College. (Ministry of Education, 2013)
This system was created to minimize dropout and produce technical skill labour to reach it new
economic goals. Singapore next economic phase needed more technical workers, foreign investor
was looking for technological base such as computer parts, silicon, etc. the government heavily
invested in ITE that was built to produce technical skill labour to meet the market demand.
Outcome
With foreign manufacturing industry entering Singapore market the manufacturing sector and its
share in GDP grew from 16.6% in 1965 to nearly 30 % in 1980 and in 1993 manufacturing
contributed to about 28 % of the total GDP and accounted for nearly 28% of employment.
Singapore's GDP raise to 13 times between 1960 and 1999. The nation has shown greatly decrease
of figure of poverty. (United Nations 2000)
The Jurong Industrial has help Singapore to industrialize the economy. With increasingly of foreign
corporation entry has made Singapore more advance with it technology. Today Jurong Island has
over 95 global companies. It has a fixed

Singapore : A Small City State
Singapore is a small city–state in Southeast Asia that has rich history because during the ages
European, Malay, Indian and Chinese cultures have combined together by creating cultural diversity
of this city. Cultural diversity is key factor that reveals the exclusivity of Singapore by attracting
visitors and investments into city–state. Surprisingly, rapid economic grow of Singapore is greatly
marvelous as it has been independent state of Britain since 1965. Since independence has been
gotten the main predominant political power has become People's Actions Party and has started a
strategy to recover Singapore. Apparently, during 50 years period of time Singapore's economy,
political structure and social content have been reformed by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hence, Singapore's city has valuable culture and history background that stimulate to stage different
type of events. PAP has launched a strategy to rise economy through cultural events and this tactic is
mainly based on events portfolio management and marketing areas. Singapore's city events strategic
plan is established on commercial (cultural and sport) occasions that improve economic growth and
tourism demand, develop city's infrastructure and provide advantageous promotion of Singapore's
image. The aim of this report is to analyze Singapore's events contribution to pursue wider
objectives and explain how useful has been city's events strategy. 1 2. The background of city's
events strategy Event is useful tool not only to create enjoyment and satisfaction for people but as
well to develop economic benefit to city '...organized gatherings were always an essential element of
cultural, political and commercial life...' (Davidson and Rogers, 2006, p2). Singapore's events
strategic objective is to achieve social and economic advantages of Singapore city through staged
events. City's event strategy has concentrated on the main point to achieve 'Events and
Entertainment Capital of Asia' brand name and become Asia's hub. Clearly, events strategic

Poverty And Poor Education During The Beginning Of Their...
Alexis Miller
First Year Seminar
Dr. Pinter
October 20th, 2014
Singapore
Many countries go through periods of extreme poverty and poor education during the beginning of
their colonization. These periods are most often brought about by outside countries trying to impose
themselves and their cultures on these new found countries. The people of the new found countries
are subdued under a mother country and have to live by the mother country's rules. If the country
becomes independent, often times, the extreme poverty and poor education are hard to overcome
and the country is left with a battle to turn itself around. The country of Singapore found itself in
this situation when founded by the British. Eventually, after becoming independent, ... Show more
5–6). Only perhaps a thousand people inhabited the island of Singapore by the colonial era. Because
of the lack of people at the time, Britain was able to easily colonize Singapore in 1819. Singapore
was founded by British colonial administrator Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. The country was then
deeded to the English East India Company in 1824 and in 1826 the country was united with Melaka
and Penang to form the Presidency of the Straits Settlements, ruled by British administrators. The
colonizers came into Singapore looking to expand their trade with China and also to prevent the
advancements of the Dutch. The port at Singapore flourished immensely directly after colonization
by Britain.
The British turned Singapore into a major commercial center because of its location on the narrow
passage between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea (Funk & Wagnalls New World
Encyclopedia). The British port at Singapore became an important center for trade with the Chinese.
The use of a free trade port in Singapore attracted many diverse immigrants, especially those
attempting to escape war. Between 1880 and 1940 colonial Singapore attracted tens of thousands of
Chinese immigrant laborers, brought to serve its rapidly growing economy. This caused an immense
increase in the population and more tension in the country. Every group within Singapore wanted to
be able to trade within the flourishing port. Each immigrant

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