4. Stem changers
Boot verbs only change jugar to play
inside the “boot” juego jugamos
There are 4 kinds: o-ue,e- juegas jugais
ie, e-i,and u-ue
juega juegan
*vosotros and nosotros DO
NOT change.
Ex: jugar
o to ue and u to ue e to ie e to i
-dormir -Pensar -servir
-jugar -Tener -pedir
-recordar -Vener -decir
-volver -Preferier
-poder -Querer
5. Para
One of the most common Spanish
prepositions
There are many uses for Para
-To indicate purpose, a personal
reaction, or destination
-Means “for”, “no later than”,
“considering”, or “by”
-When with estar means “to be ready
to”
6. IOP
To whom or for whom
Comes before a conjugated
verb
Can attach to an infinitive
Can attach to a gerund
singular plural
me me nos us
te you os you
le Him/her/it/you les You/them
7. Pronoun Placement
1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to a
progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an
affirmative command
4. Place the pronoun before a
conjugated verb
8. Gustar to like or to please
To say you do
me nos NOT like
A mi- me gusta something, you
te os A ti- te gusta
put a NO before
the me,te, le, nos,
A usted/el/ella- le gusta os, or les.
le se
A Nosotros – nos gusta
A ustedes/ellas/ellos- les gusta
Plural:
Use the plural form when the object following gustar
is also plural.
Ex. Me gustan los bibligrafas.
Singular:
The singular forms of gustar are used when the
object that follows is singular.
Ex. Me gusta el boligrafa
9. Affirmative and Negative words
Algo: something Nada: nothing
Alguien: someone Nadie: no one
Algun/alguno(a): Ningun: not any,
some none
Tambien: also Nunca: never
Siempre: always Tampoco: either,
neither
10. Superlatives
-ísimo/-ísimos/ -ísima/ -ísimas
-Added to adjectives and adverbs
-Equivalent to extremely or very
-Adjective or adverb ending in –c, -g, or –z change spelling to
-q, -gu, and –c respectively
ex: rico>requísimo
larga> larguísima
feliz> felicímo
-Adjective or adverb ending in -n or –r by adding –císimo/a
ex: joven>jovencísimo
trabajadar>trabajadorcísimo
11. Reflexives
-The subject is also the object
-The subject, the pronoun, and the verb are all in the
same form.
-A person does as well as receives the action
ex: Yo me levanto a las oche de la manana
me nos
-o < go in front of conjugated verb
-amos
ex: me acuesto
te os
-as -ais te levantas
le se <attached to gerund
-a -an
ex: Luis está cepillándose los dientes
<attached to an infinitive
ex: voy a acostarme ahora mismo
12. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars +
pronoun placement
-Drop the “s” or put in
3rd person
di decir sal salir
haz hacer se ser
ve ir ten tener
pon poner ven venir
13. Negative tu commands + irregulars +pronoun
placement
-Put in yo form Tener No tengas
-Change vowel a>e, Venir No vengas
e/ir>a Dar/decir No des/digos
-Add “s” Ir No vayas
Ser No seas
Hacer No hagas
Estar No estes
Saber No sepas
14. Sequencing words
Primero First
Entonces Then
Luego Later
Despues After
Por fin Finally
Antes de Before
Despues de After
Por la manana/tarde/noche In/during
the..morning..afternoon..night
Los lunes Every Monday
15. Preterite
To conjugate an –ar verb To conjugate and –er/-ir
in preterite form, drop the verb in preterite form,
–ar ending and add one drop the -er/-ir ending
of these endings and add one of these
depending on the endings depending on the
subject: subjuect:
-e yo -i yo
-aste tu -iste tu
-o el,ella usted -io el, ella, usted
-amos nosotros -imos nosotros
-aron ellas, ellos, -eron ellas, ellos,
ustedes ustedes
16. Preterite trigger words
un dia, una vez, ayer, a noche, hace
un ano, ya, el mes pasado, anteayer,
por una hora, porfin, a las ocho, el
cinco de febrero.
18. Deber + infinitve
yo debo nosotros
debemos
tu debes
el,ella,usted debe ellos, ellas,
ustedes - deben
19. Modal Verbs
When verbs are used in modal verb
combinations, the second verb is not
conjugated but left in infinitive form.
Deber – should, ought to
Desear – to desire
Necesitar – to need
Poder – can, could, might
Querer – want, would like to
Saber – to know
Soler – usually, used to
20. Present progressive
Yo- estoy Nosotros-
estamos
Estar + -ing
-ar > ando
Tu- estas
-er/ir > iendo
-3 vowels > yendo
El, ella, Ellos,
-Example: barriendo el suelo usted - ellas,
esta ustedes-
pasando la aspiradora
estan
