The document discusses the kingdom Fungi. It notes that fungi have cell walls containing chitin and polysaccharides and are multicellular heterotrophic organisms found worldwide. Yeasts are unicellular fungi that are used to make bread and beer. Fungi have filamentous hyphae that make up the mycelium and can form fruiting bodies. They can be saprophytic, parasitic, or symbiotic. Fungi reproduce asexually through spores or fragmentation and sexually through plasmogamy and karyogamy. Examples are given of edible, poisonous, pathogenic, and antibiotic-producing fungi.
11. o Important source of food.
eg: Morchella & Agaricus(edible)
o Important in bakeries ( making bread)
o Important in breweries (making alcohol)
o Yeast also produce vitamin B
o Good decomposers
o Production of antibiotics – Pencillin
(Pencillium notatum)
13. HARMFUL FUNGI
Moulds are responsible for the spoilage of food, leather
goods and textiles
Fungi attack crops, cause huge loss to farmers
It cause serious skin and lung infection in human
beings
(Athlete’s foot and ringworm are some common fungal
infection)
15. SEXUAL CYCLE INVOLVES:
1. PLASMOGAMY:
fusion of protoplasm between two
motile/two non-motile
2. KARYOGAMY:
Fusion of nuclei
3. Meiosis in Zygot results Haploid Spore(n)
DIKARYON : n+n condition ,such phase is
called Dikaryotic phase
Eg:ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
