The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses input and output devices, operating systems, computer software, programming languages, data transmission techniques, network devices, and database management systems. Key topics covered include keyboards, monitors, printers, machine language, assembly language, high-level languages, analog and digital signals, modulation, switches, routers, and the components of a database management system.

1. *Journalism*
Computer

2. INPUT AND OUTPUT
DEVICES

3. INTRODUCTION
A computer is a system that collects processes,
output, and stores information. computer can
be useless if they do not provide interaction
with users. They could not receive instructions
or deliver the result of their work.
input devices accept data and instructions
from the user or from another computer.
output devices return data back to the user
or to another computer.

4. Input devices
• Keyboard
• Pointing devices
• Optical input devices
• Audiovisual input devices

5. Output devices
• Sound card
• Speakers
• The monitor
• Printers
• Plotter

6. OPERATING SYSTEM
• Introduction
• definition
• Evolution of operating system
• Processor management

7. COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Introduction
• A computer needs to be instructed to
perform any task. These instructions are given
in the from of computer programs which are
written in computer programming languages
.A collection of instructions for a particular
function is a program.

8. SOFTWARES
• Categories of software
• System software
• Programming software
• Application software
• installing/uninstalling software
• Software piracy

9. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
•Machine language
•Assembly language
•High- level language

10. GENERATIONS
• First generation: machine language
• Second generation: assembly language
• Third generation: high level language
• Fourth generation: 4GL
• Fifth generation: very high level- language

11. *Analog and digital data
transmission*
• The major role of the physical
medium is to move the data from
one communicating device to
another. The data can be
transmitted by means of
electromagnetic signals.

12. Analog and digital
transmission
Analog signals
Digital signals

13. Modulation techniques
• Consider a scenario where a boy
standing over the roof of his house
has to deliver a paper to the boy
standing over the roof the house in
front. Due to the distance between
the two roofs, the first boy cannot
just hand over the paper to the
other.

14. Modulation techniques
•Amplitude modulation
•Frequency modulation

15. NETWORK DEVICES
• Network are becoming more complicated
and more pervasive everyday. Terms like
switch, router, gateway and hub have
become part of our everyday language,
yet many people do not fully understand
the differences between these devices or
how to choose the right one for their
network.

16. Network devices
•Network interface card
•Hub

17. Database management
system
*Need for database management system
*File- oriented approach versus DBMS approach
*Benefits of database management system
*Components of a DBMS