Cancer

1. CANCER
Sarcomas
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Carcinomas, which account for about
90% of all cancers,

2. Cell differentiation

3. hyperplasia
dysplasia
metaplasia y anaplasia
metastasis

5. Cell Differentiation

7. Density independent growth
Anchorage independent growth

12. Cell Aging and telomerase activity

16. Metastasis
E-Cadherin &
Plasminogen activator
activates plasmin
Plasmin cleaves ECM and
activates MMPs

17. Sites of Metastasis 1/1000 will survive

18. Clones

19. Failure of Adequate Immune Response:
Evading immune system
TGF-B resistant and secreting

21. Epidemiology of Cancer and
Causes of Cancer

22. inducible on exposure to non-polar
aromatic molecules such as dioxin
P450
pre-carcinogens
carcinogen activation
2-naphtylamine
(cigarettes)
*Sólo en la dieta, directo a la
vejiga no induce el cancer
Benzopyrene en cigarrillo

23. P450 (liver homogenate)
Carcinogen activation

25. tar DMBA (dimethylbenz-anthracene)
Croton oils a Phorbol Ester (Protein Kinase C)

26. Initiation
Promotion
Tumor Progression

27. UV and p53 mutations

28. Epstein-Barr– Burkitt lymphoma
Hb & Hc,
HTLV-I (Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus)
Helicobacter pylori
Prevalence of HPV in 90% of cervical cancers

30. Proto-oncogenes to oncogenes
Oncogenes

33. Fusión de genes
Tropomiosina con
Fragmento de
Receptor cinasa de tirosina

35. Tumor supressor genes

36. RB tumor suppressor gene

37. RB tumor suppressor gene
10 million people diagnosed
with cancer each year will
have tumors with p53
mutations

38. Colon carcinoma

39. Most hereditary forms of breastcancer arise in women who inherit a mutant
copy of either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, both of which
code for proteins involved in repairing double-strand DNA breaks
Most cancers are not hereditary, they exhibit genetic instability
Genetic instability can also arise from defects in mitosis that cause disruptions in
chromosome sorting during cell division, resulting in broken chromosomes and
aneuploidy

40. xeroderma pigmentosum

41. Multiple mutations are usually required to convert a normal cell into a
cancer cell.