Basic Spanish Grammar for Beginners Topic: demonstrative adjectives and pronouns in Spanish Find this lesson online as well as the video-lesson at www.yourspanish.website

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What’s a Demonstrative adjective? Demonstratives Adjectives
in Spanish are used to determine a relation of proximity
between the person that speaks and the object or person we’re
referring to.
I don’t think it is necessary any theory to learn this, as it’s
probably enough to know the equivalent in English.
Let’s see a few examples:
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Demonstratives adjectives and pronouns
Grammar
SeriesEste/Esta This
Estos/Estas These
Ese/Esa That
Esos/Esas Those
Aquel/Aquella That
Aquellos/
Aquellas
ThoseEste coche es azul
Ese camión es rojo
Aquella guagua es amarilla
➡ Thanks to the demonstrative
adjectives, we know that the car is
closer than the truck, and the lorry
closer than the bus
Este plátano es de Canarias
Esa naranja es de Valencia
Aquellas uvas son de Valdepeñas
➡ Which fruit would you say is
closer to the speaker and which
one is further?
closer to you
further to the you
Este coche Esta bicicleta
Ese libro Esa carpeta
Aquel árbol Aquella camisa
You’ve probably identified the masculine, feminine, singular
and plural forms:
Masculine Feminine
Singular
Estos papeles Estas botellas
Esos policías Esas mujeres
Aquellos semáforos Aquellas casas
Masculine Feminine
Plural
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2. Let’s see some more examples:
Estos aguacates no están maduros, dame aquellas naranjas
Esas calles tienen mala fama. Mejor que las evites.
Esos niños están todo el día en la calle. ¿Es que no estudian?
En aquellos tiempos se vivía mejor
Esta semana tengo muchas cosas que hacer
Ese día lo recuerdo muy bien
These avocados are not ripe, give me those oranges
Those streets have a bad reputation. You'd better avoid them
Those children are all day out (in the streets). Don't they study?
We used to live better in those times
I have many things to do this week
I remember very well that day
Have you noticed something in the last three sentences? Yes,
we can also use demonstrative adjectives to point out times
For example:
−¿Puedes venir a la quedada del viernes?
−No, ese día tengo examen de español
−¿Cómo se vivía en 1980?
−En aquellos tiempos no había tanta tecnología
−¿Tienes mucho que hacer esta semana?
−Esta semana no, pero la que viene sí
−¿Te acuerdas de cómo lo pasamos el día de Navidad el año
pasado?
−Claro, ese día nos reunimos toda la familia
−Can you come to Friday's meet-up?
−No, I have a Spanish exam that day
−How was life in 1980?
−In those times there wasn't so much technology
−Do you have many things to do this week?
−Not this week, but I will next week
−Do you remember the good time we had on Christmas Day last
year?
−Sure, that day all the family got together
OK, but, what about the demonstrative pronouns…?
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3. ➤ find more at:
As you know, pronouns are words that replace a noun. Therefore, they
function without it.
Let's see if you are able to identify them here…
− No quiero estos aguacates, quiero aquellos
− Este árbol da muchos frutos. Esos no
− Aquellas casas son más luminosas que estas
− ¿Te vas a poner esta camisa? −No, prefiero aquella
− I don't want these avocados, I want those ones
− This tree produces a lot of fruit. Those ones don't
− Those houses are brighter than these ones
− Are you going to put this shirt on? −No, I prefer that one.
Surely, demonstrative pronouns are the ones in italics.
As we have said, the only difference is that the demonstrative adjective goes
along a noun and the pronoun doesn't (instead, it replaces it)
Here, there or ...there?
This words are place adverbs (this is not important for you to know), and
they are useful to specify even more the proximity or distance of the object.
Have a look at the examples on the right hand side
The equivalent in English is:
Aquí ➡ Here Ahí ➡ There Allí/Allá ➡ There
Therefore:
We must use aquí (here) with este, esta, estos y estas (this, these) We use
ahí (there) with ese, esa, esos and esas (that, those)
And we use allí (there) with aquel, aquella, aquellos y aquellas (that,
those)
Dame este aguacate de aquí
Give me this avocado over here
Quiero esa manzana de ahí
I want that apple over there
No me gusta aquella piña de allí, pero aquella de allá sí.
I don't like that pineapple over there, but I do that one over there
Este caramelo de aquí sabe a fresa, ese de ahí sabe a
menta
This sweet over here tastes of strawberry, that one over there tastes of mint
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