Sem 4 material what i_have_done_in_life

What I have done in life! / ¡Lo que he hecho en mi vida!
In this last learning activity, you will learn how to describe events and situations that
started in the past and are still taking place in present time. For that purpose, we will
be working on the present perfect tense together with some useful vocabulary to be
used with it. / En esta última actividad de aprendizaje usted aprenderá cómo
describir eventos y situaciones que iniciaron en el pasado y aún están ocurriendo en
el tiempo presente. Con este propósito, trabajaremos el tiempo presente perfecto
junto con algún vocabulario útil que se puede usar con dicha estructura.
Dear learner, / Estimado aprendiz:
This material will help you study the topics related to learning activity 4. / Este
material le permitirá estudiar los temas relacionados con la actividad de aprendizaje
4.
You will learn about: / Los temas a tratar son:
1. Present perfect. / Presente perfecto.
2. Yet, just and already - Have you ever…? I have never… / Yet, just y already -
Alguna vez ha…? Nunca he…
3. Talking about education. / Hablando de educación.
4. Indefinite pronouns. / Pronombres indefinidos.
5. Quantifiers: enough, quite, many, too much, a little, etc. (I have done
nothing). / Cuantificadores: suficiente, un poco, muchos, mucho, un poco,
entre otros. (No he hecho nada).
6. Vocabulary: health and lifestyle. / Vocabulario: salud y estilo de vida.
Through the contents mentioned above, you will also review the following topic: / A
través de los contenidos mencionados arriba, también repasará el siguiente tema:
Simple past - life experiencies. / Pasado simple - experiencias de vida.
Let’s begin! / ¡Empecemos!
Introductory material / Material introductorio

1. Present perfect / Presente perfecto
A. Richard and Johana want to go away somewhere for a vacation. Read the
conversation between them. / Richard y Johana quieren salir a algún lugar de
vacaciones. Lea la conversación entre ellos.
Richard, we
need to go away
for a vacation!
Yes, you’re right.
But, where do we
go?
Look! I got these vacation
brochures from the travel
agency. Let’s have a look.
What do you prefer, hot or
cold weather?
Well, I want to go
to the beach.
Have you ever
been to Miami?

Yes, I have. I traveled
with Nicole last year.
But, I haven’t been to
Malibu, have you?
Yes, but forget about
the US. Let’s go to
somewhere else.
Have you traveled to
Cabo?
Yes, I’ve traveled
to Cabo.
(Johana picks up a
brochure for
Cuba). What about
Cuba?
No. Look at this
brochure. It is about
Greece… Don’t tell
me you’ve been
there too!

Fuente de imágenes: SENA
Note: we use present perfect to talk or ask about a general experience in the past. /
Nota: usamos presente perfecto para hablar o preguntar acerca de una experiencia
general en el pasado.
To make the present perfect use have / has + past participle. / Para hacer el
presente perfecto use have / has + pasado participio.
I have traveled to Cabo.
She has been to Miami.
Note: in contrast, we use the simple past to talk or ask about a specific moment in
the past. / Nota: en contraste, usamos el pasado simple para hablar o preguntar
acerca de un momento específico en el pasado.
No, I have never
been there yet. I
like the idea.
Great! We need
to call the agency
and ask about the
prices.
Yes, sure. Let’s do
it!
NowPastBefore the
past

I traveled with Nicole last year.
B. The form of the present perfect is: have / has + verb (past participle). Listen - read
to the following sentences from the conversation between Richard and Johanna
to see how the structure is formed. Then, look at the box to see all the possible
forms. / La forma del presente perfecto es: have / has + verbo (pasado participio).
Escuche, lea las siguientes oraciones de la conversación entre Richard y Johana
para ver cómo se forma la estructura. Luego, observe la tabla para ver todas las
posibles formas.
a. I have traveled to Cabo.
b. You have been there too.
c. Have you traveled to Cabo?
d. I haven’t been to Malibu.
Positive
form
Negative
form
Interrogative
form
Short
answers
Wh-
questions
I have
done the
chores.
I’ve done
the chores.
She has
played
tennis.
She’s
played
tennis.
I have not
done the
chores.
I haven’t
done the
chores.
She has not
played
tennis.
She hasn’t
played
tennis.
Have you
done the
chores?
Has she
played
tennis?
Yes, I have.
No, I
haven’t.
Or
No, I have
not.
Yes, she
has.
No, she
hasn’t.
Or
No, she has
not.
Where have
they gone?
Why has he
phoned?
C. There are some questions that we can ask and answer based on the
conversation. Let’s have a look. / Hay algunas preguntas que podemos preguntar
y responder basándonos en la conversación. Observemos.
NowPast

a. Where has Johana been to? She has been to Miami and Cabo.
b. Have they planned their trip? No, they haven’t.
c. Has Johana traveled with Nicole? Yes, she has.
d. What have they decided? They have decided travel to Greece.
e. Have they been to Greece? No, they haven’t.
Now, look at some questions and answers about things someone has done. /
Ahora, observe algunas preguntas y respuestas sobre cosas que alguien ha
hecho.
Questions Answers
Have you ever been to
England?
No, I have never been there.
Yes, I have been there.
Have you ever tried spicy
food?
No, I have never tried spicy food.
Yes, I have tried spicy food.
Have you ever traveled to
Australia?
No, I have never traveled to Australia.
Yes, I have traveled to Australia.
Note: We use ever in interrogative sentences to ask if someone has done
anything in his / her life until now. Put ever before the main verb. / Nota: Usamos
ever en oraciones interrogativas para preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo en su
vida hasta ahora. Coloque siempre ever antes del verbo principal.
We use never in affirmative sentences to say that someone has not done
anything. Put never before the main verb. / Usamos never en oraciones
afirmativas para decir que alguien no ha hecho algo. Coloque never antes del
verbo principal.
D. Now, let’s have a look of the spelling of past participle form of the verbs. / Ahora,
observemos la forma de escribir los pasados participios de los verbos.
a. For regular verbs the past participle is the same as the past simple (+ ed). /
Para verbos regulares el pasado participio es el mismo al del pasado simple
(+ ed).
Examples / Ejemplos:

Infinitive Past simple Past participle
Wait Waited Waited
Travel Traveled Traveled
b. For irregular verbs the past participle is sometimes the same as the simple
past. / Para verbos irregulares el pasado participio algunas veces es el mismo
al del pasado simple.
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
Catch Caught Caught
Begin Began Begun
Tell Told Told
Speak Spoke Spoken
2. Yet, just and already - Have you ever…? I have never… / Yet, just y
already - Alguna vez ha…? Nunca he…
The adverbs yet, just and already can be used alongside the form of present. / Los
adverbios yet, just y already pueden ser usados junto con el presente perfecto.
A. Yet in interrogative sentences / Yet en oraciones interrogativas
We use it to ask if something we think is going to happen has occurred. Put it at the
end of the sentence. / También usamos yet en oraciones interrogativas para
preguntar si algo que pensamos que iba a pasar ha pasado. Coloque yet al final de
la oración.
 Have you taken your medicine yet? / ¿Has tomado tu medicina ya?
 Has it rained yet? / ¿Ya ha llovido?
B. Yet in negative sentences / Yet en oraciones negativas
We use it to say that something has not occurred. Put it at the end of the sentence. /
Usamos yet en oraciones negativas para expresar que algo no ha ocurrido. Coloque
yet al final de la oración.

 I haven’t done my homework yet.
 She hasn’t seen the movie yet.
C. Just in affirmative sentences / Just en oraciones afirmativas
We use it to say that something happened very recently. Put just before the main
verb. / Usamos just en oraciones afirmativas para decir que algo pasó muy
recientemente. Coloque just antes del verbo principal.
 The plane has just landed.
 My mom has just called.
D. Already in affirmative sentences / Already en oraciones afirmativas
We use already in affirmative sentences to emphasize that something happened
before the present time and / or earlier than expected. Put already before the main
verb. / Usamos already en oraciones afirmativas para enfatizar que algo pasó antes
del tiempo actual y / o antes de lo esperado. Coloque already antes del verbo
principal.
 I’ve already read Vargas Llosa’s last novel. It is brilliant!
 My teacher has already given the final essay to us.
Note: We use already and yet to add emphasis. For example: / Nota: usamos
already y yet para enfatizar. Por ejemplo:
 I’ve already done my chores. Can I go to the park now?
 My dad hasn’t retired yet.
 It has already snowed although it is not winter yet.
3. Talking about education / Hablando de educación
You can talk about your own or someone’s educational history using the present
perfect. You can also describe what you have done for an academic course or a
class. Let’s have a look at some useful language related to education. / Usted puede
hablar sobre su historia educativa o la de alguien más usando el presente perfecto.
También puede describir lo que ha hecho para un curso académico o una clase.
Observemos una selección del vocabulario útil relacionado con educación.

A. Look at the following words related to places and people in education and their
definitions. / Observe el siguiente vocabulario relacionado con personas y lugares
en educación y sus definiciones.
Professor
A university teacher.
Student
A person that studies at a
school, college or
university.
Teacher
A person who
teaches in a
school or college.
Graduate
A person who has already
obtained a University
degree.
Librarian
A person who works in a
library.
Principal
The head of a
school.
Nursery school
A school for infant and
toddlers.
Public school
A school where students
have free education since
it is paid by the
government.
Private school
A school where
you have to pay
since it is non-
government.

University
A college in which people
study to obtain a
professional degree.
Elementary school
A school for young
children. It usually takes
students from 6 to 10
years old.
High school
A school for old
children. It usually
takes from 11 to
17 years old.
Fuente de imágenes: Fotolia (s.f.)
B. Read the list of academic programs, courses and classes. / Lea la lista de
programas académicos, cursos y clases.
Degrees / Títulos
Technical Técnico
Bachelor Pregrado
Master Maestría
Doctorate Doctorado
Postgraduate Posgrado
Study areas / Áreas de estudio
Administration Administración
Agronomy Agronomía
Architecture Arquitectura
Art Arte
Biology Biología
Business Negocios
Chemistry Química
Economics Economía
Engineering Ingeniería
Geology Geología
History Historia
Languages Idiomas
Law Derecho
Linguistics Lingüística

Medicine Medicina
Philosophy Filosofía
Physics Física
Political science Ciencia política
Psychology Psicología
Social work Trabajo social
Teaching Docencia
Veterinary Veterinaria
Note: If you want to learn about specific degrees within the above mentioned areas,
please, have a look to the glossary of this learning activity. / Nota: si desea conocer
programas específicos dentro de las áreas mencionadas arriba, por favor, revise el
glosario correspondiente a esta actividad de aprendizaje.
C. Look at the following sentences and the verbs used in them. / Observe las
siguientes oraciones y los verbos usados en ellas.
Sentence / Frase
Verb used /
Verbo usado
Spanish / Español
I have never cheated on a test.
/ Nunca he hecho trampa en un
examen.
To cheat. Copiar o hacer trampa.
Carlos has dropped out
university twice. / Carlos ha
abandonado la universidad dos
veces.
To drop out. Abandonar o cancelar.
They have already done their
homework for tomorrow. /
Ellos ya han terminado la tarea
de mañana.
To do homework. Hacer la tarea.
We have started a new class
this week. / Hemos iniciado
una nueva clase esta semana.
To start a class
or course.
Iniciar una clase o
curso.
She has passed all the
English tests. / Ella ha pasado
todos los exámenes de inglés.
To pass a test or
course.
Aprobar o pasar un
examen o curso.
Yenny has failed the French
course again. / Yenny ha
reprobado el curso de francés
otra vez.
To fail a course
or exam.
Reprobar o perder un
curso o examen.

D. Read the following questions and possible answers. These are helpful for starting
conversations in educational contexts. / Lea las siguientes preguntas y sus
posibles respuestas; éstas son de ayuda para iniciar conversaciones en
contextos educativos.
Questions / Preguntas Possible answers / Posibles respuestas
What have you studied? /
¿Qué has estudiado?
I have studied law - engineering. / He estudiado
derecho - ingeniería.
Have you studied
English? / ¿Has
estudiado inglés?
Yes, I have. I took a course last year. / Sí, lo he
hecho. Tomé un curso el año pasado.
Have you taken
swimming classes? /
¿Has tomado clases de
natación?
No, I haven’t. I don’t like water. / No, no lo he
hecho. No me gusta el agua.
Have you failed any
class? / ¿Has perdido
alguna materia?
Yes, I have I failed chemistry last year. / Sí. Perdí
química el año pasado.
Have you passed the
literature exams? / ¿Has
pasado los exámenes de
literatura?
Yes, I have. I studied a lot for them. / Sí. Estudié
mucho para ellos.
Have you done the
homework? / ¿Has
hecho la tarea?
No, I haven’t done it yet. / No, no la he hecho
todavía.
Have you prepared the
science presentation? /
¿Has preparado la
presentación de
ciencias?
Yes, I’ve just finished it. / Sí. Acabo de terminarla.
Have you done a
postgraduate course? /
¿Has cursado algún
posgrado?
Yes, I have already done one. / Sí, ya hice uno.

4. Indefinite pronouns / Pronombres indefinidos
A. Nicole traveled to Madrid last summer. Read the following text to know some
details about her journey. / Nicole viajó a Madrid el verano pasado. Lea los
siguientes textos para conocer detalles sobre su viaje.
Fuente: SENA
Somewhere in Madrid
Last summer I traveled to Madrid. I had an international conference there.
Unfortunately, some things in my journey weren’t so exciting. First, when I arrived to
the airport there was nobody waiting for me, I had to wait for two hours until
someone picked me up. Second, the food in the hotel was absolutely bad. Every day,
I had to walk around the hotel to find somewhere to eat. In the congress nothing
was different. When I arrived there, no one was able to give the correct directions. I
didn’t know where to go so I got completely lost. However, everything wasn’t that
bad. I ate something different every day. I met a lot of people. I visited some
interesting and historical places. I hope I can travel again soon!
Has the teacher reviewed
the papers? /¿Ha el
profesor revisado los
trabajos?
Yes, he has. He handed them in yesterday. / Sí, ya
lo hizo. Los entregó ayer.

Note: we use indefinite pronouns to refer to people, things or places without saying
exactly who or what they are. / Nota: usamos pronombres indefinidos para referirnos
a personas, objetos o lugares sin decir exactamente qué o quiénes son.
 When I arrived to the airport there was nobody waiting for me.
 Every day I had to walk around the hotel to find somewhere to eat.
 I ate something different every day.
B. Indefinite pronouns can be used to refer to things, places or people. Please, look
at the following chart: / Los pronombres indefinidos pueden ser usados para
referirse a cosas, lugares y personas. Por favor, observe la siguiente tabla:
Affirmative
Interrogative and
negative verb
Negative and
affirmative verb
Things Something. Anything. Nothing.
Places Somewhere. Anywhere. Nowhere.
People
Somebody.
Someone.
Anybody.
Anyone.
Nobody.
No one.
C. Now, let’s have a look at how to use the indefinite pronouns. / Ahora, observemos
cómo usar los pronombres indefinidos.
a. We use something, someone, somewhere or somebody when we don’t say
exactly who, what or where. / Usamos algo, alguien o algún lugar cuando no
sabemos exactamente a quién, a qué o al lugar al que nos estamos refiriendo.
 Somebody stole my bike.
 I was starving. I ate something five minutes ago.
 He went to somewhere nice last weekend.
b. We use anything, anybody, anywhere in interrogative sentences. / Usamos
anything, anybody, anywhere en preguntas.

 Did you hear anything?
 Was anyone in the house?
c. We use anything, anybody, anywhere, etc., with negative verb. Read the box
to find out about their use. / Usamos anything, anybody, anywhere, entre otras
con verbo negativo. Lea la tabla para conocer su uso.
Correct Incorrect
They didn’t go anywhere last
Saturday. They stayed at home.
They didn’t go nowhere last
Saturday. They stayed at home.
What did you do yesterday?
I didn’t do anything.
What did you do yesterday?
I didn’t do nothing.
There wasn’t anybody in the
classroom.
There wasn’t nobody in the
classroom.
d. We use nobody, nothing, nowhere, etc., in short answers. / Usamos nobody,
nothing, nowhere, entre otras en respuestas cortas.
 Who was in the kitchen?
Nobody.
 Where did they go?
Nowhere.
e. We use nobody, nothing, nowhere, etc., in affirmative sentences. Read the
box to find out about their use. / Usamos nobody, nothing, nowhere, entre otros
en oraciones afirmativas. Lea la tabla para conocer su uso.

Correct Incorrect
Did you hear any news?
No. I heard nothing.
Did you hear any news?
No. I didn’t hear nothing.
I met nobody / no one. I met anyone.
They went nowhere. They went anywhere.
5. Quantifiers: enough, quite, many, too much, a little, etc. (I have done
nothing) / Cuantificadores: suficiente, un poco, muchos, mucho, un
poco, entre otros. (No he hecho nada)
A. John meets Richard in the street. Read the conversation between them. / John se
encuentra a Richard en la calle. Lea su conversación.
Hi
Richard! Hey John.
How are
you?

In fact, not
so well.
Why?
What’s
happening?
I feel sick. I don’t
know, but I feel like I
don’t have any
energy.
What have
you been
doing?

I have been
studying. My final
exams are next
week.
I had them
last week.
But, let me
ask you
something.
How much
sport or
exercise do
you do in a
week?
None. I’m too
busy.
How much
fast food do
you eat?

A lot. I don’t
have enough
time to cook.
That sounds
bad. And how
much coffee
do you drink?
I have no idea! I
drink many cups
of coffee every
day. About ten.
How much
water do you
drink?

A little, I prefer
drinking soda.
John, you have to stop
doing that! You have a
terrible lifestyle. You
should drink a lot of water
and stop drinking soda.
Moreover, you have to do
more exercise. That
would be good for you.
But, the worst habit you
have is the fast food. You
can’t eat it every single
day. Instead of eating fast
food you have to eat
many fruit and
vegetables.

Note: a quantifier is a word or phrase which is used to indicate the amount or
quantity. / Nota: un cuantificador es una palabra o frase la cual se usa para indicar la
cantidad de algo.
Richard: How much fast food do you eat?
John: Well, I eat too much. I don’t have enough time to cook.
Richard: That sounds bad. And how much coffee do you drink?
John: I have no idea! I drink many cups of coffee per day, like ten I think so.
B. Now, let’s have a look of how to use the quantifiers. / Ahora, observemos cómo
usar los cuantificadores.
a. Too, too much, too many / Demasiado
 We use too, too much, too many to say “more than necessary”. / Usamos
too, too much, too many para decir “más que necesario”.
 We use too much + uncountable nouns. / Usamos too much +
sustantivos no contables.
You’re totally right.
That should help. Yes, I can
help you if
you want.
Really? That will
be awesome!

 We use too many + countable nouns. / Usamos too many + sustativos
contables.
 He has an unhealthy life. He eats too many cakes.
 I am so stressed. I have too much work to do.
 She said she isn’t going out. She is too tired.
Note: In English we use too + an adjective. / Nota: en inglés usamos too + un
adjetivo.
b. Enough / Suficiente
 We use enough before a noun to mean “all that is necessary”. / Usamos
enough antes de un sustantivo para decir que “todo es necesario”.
 We also use enough after an adjective. / También usamos enough
después de un adjetivo.
 Do you drink enough water?
 I don’t do enough exercise.
 My apartment isn’t big enough.
c. A little, a few / Un poco, unos pocos
 We use a little (very little) and a few (very few) to talk about small quantities.
 We use a little / very little with uncountable nouns.
 We use a few / very few with countable nouns.
Correct Incorrect
I have to stop eating fast food. I am
too fat.
I have to stop eating fast food. I am
too much fat.
They can’t go out with us because
they are too busy.
They can’t go out with us because
they are too much busy.

 I drink a little soda.
 I eat very little sugar.
 She has very few friends.
 I bought a few strawberries.
6. Vocabulary: health and lifestyle / Vocabulario: salud y estilo de vida
To talk about habits or lifestyle we use the following useful language: / Para hablar
de salud y estilo de vida podemos usar estas expresiones:
Fuente: SENA

Read to the conversation between Johana and Nicole. / Lea la conversación entre
Johana y Nicole.
Questions / Preguntas
Possible answers / Posibles
respuestas
How much fast food do you eat? I eat too much. / I never have any.
How much do you walk in a day? A lot. / A little.
How much sport and exercise do you
do in a week?
A lot. / A little. / Not enough.
How many cigarettes do you smoke
per day?
A few.
How much time do you have for
yourself?
Very little. / Not enough. / A lot.
How many portions of fruit and
vegetables do you eat per day?
A lot. / A few.
How often do you wear sunscreen? Only when I’m on holiday.
How much water do you drink? Very little. / Not enough. / A lot.
Contextualization / Contextualización

Hi, Jo. How is
everything
going?
That’s true. We
haven’t had
enough time to
sleep these days.
I feel exhausted.
I know, all the
exams and
presentations, we
have had little time
for ourselves.
Good. I’m too
tired. This week
has been
terrible. We
have had so
many things to
do.

I have already
started but I still
have 500
hundred words
left to write. I’m
going to finish it
tomorrow. What
about you?
I’m glad the week
is almost over.
Have you written
the history essay
yet?
Why is
that?
At least you
have started. I
haven’t had the
time to write.

Really?
Nothing at
all?
I haven’t chosen the
topic yet. I searched
the web about
colonial history but I
didn’t find it
interesting.
Absolutely nothing.
You have to
change your
topic then.

Just let me
know if you
need any help.
Yeah, you’re right. I
need to find
something else I
really like.
About
University?
Let’s change the
topic. Have you
thought about next
year?
Sure.

I also have mixed
feelings about my
career. I’m not sure
about it. I have
considered medicine
and also engineering.
What have you looked
at?
I read a few
brochures about
the languages
program. I liked
it but I am also
curious about
psychology. I
need to find
more information
on both
programs.
Yes! Have you
looked at any
programs yet?
Only a few. I
haven’t made
up my mind
about it.

Absolutely!
Let’s see what
happens in the next
few months.
Totally
agree!
For the time
being; let’s enjoy
our tea.

A. Now, based on the conversation, choose true or false. / Ahora, basado en la
conversación seleccione falso o verdadero.
True False
Nicole and Johana are at
school.
They are on holiday.
Nicole has finished her
history essay.
Johana has started her
essay.
They are looking at
University programs.
They have finished their
tea.
Johana has considered a
psychology career.
Nicole has already
applied to a medicine
school.
B. Answer the following questions: / Responda las siguientes preguntas:
1. Nicole and Johana are tired because:
a. They have played basketball at school.
b. They have had too much homework for school.
c. They have worked a lot at the library.
2. Nicole has considered the following careers:
a. Medicine and psychology.
b. Languages and law.
c. Medicine and engineering.
Comprehension / Comprensión

3. Nicole has had mixed feelings about her:
a. Final tests.
b. History essay.
c. Future career.
4. Johana offered Nicole help in:
a. Choosing a topic for the history essay.
b. Choosing a university program.
c. Choosing a history book to read.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present perfect using the
language in the box. Remember to make all the necessary changes in the verbs. /
Complete las oraciones con la forma correcta del presente perfecto usando los
verbos en el recuadro. Recuerde hacer todos los cambios necesarios en los
verbos.
1. Nicole ______________ ______________ high school.
2. Johana ______________ ______________ her mind about what to study at
University.
3. ______________ they ______________ their careers yet?
4. Nicole ______________ ______________ her history essay.
5. ______________ the week ______________ yet?
6. They ______________ ______________ well during the last week.
7. Both Nicole and Johana ______________ ______________ about university
programs.
8. Johana ______________ ______________ exhausted.
9. Nicole ______________ ______________ the web on history topics.
10.Johana ______________ ______________ part of her history essay.
A. Read about Marion, a language teacher who loves traveling. Then, complete the
text with the phrases from the box. / Lea sobre Marion, una profesora de lenguas
think / not start / decide / not sleep / feel / not finish / end / search / write / not
make up
Practice 1 / Práctica 1

a quien le encanta viajar. Luego, complete el texto con las frases que encuentra
en el recuadro.
I started teaching languages many years ago. ___________, I have taught English
to thousands of students. Thanks to my job, ___________to several places in the
world and I have learned about different cultures. From 1994 to 2000
___________, where I worked at a public school in Nuremberg.
___________Germany in 2001 when I got married and moved to India. My
husband, Ron and I lived in Mumbai for five years. In 2006 we left India and
___________and visited Africa where we did voluntary work in Uganda. That was
a renovating experience. In 2008 we arrived to Latin America where
___________a language school in the city of Buenos Aires. ___________in
Central and South America. For example, we have been to Bogota, Lima, Mexico
city and Rio de Janeiro. We fell in love with the Latin-American culture. We have
had the greatest time of our lives here. I have just flown to England where I’m
going to stay for some time with my family and friends. ___________Because my
husband is in charge of the School now, so I don’t have to worry about it for some
time. For that reason, ___________a holiday with my friends to Greece.
B. Now, read the complete text again. Read the questions and choose the best
option. / Ahora, lea el texto completo nuevamente. Lea las preguntas y escoja la
mejor opción.
I started teaching languages many years ago. Since I started, I have taught
English to thousands of students. Thanks to my job, I have traveled to several
places in the world and I have learned about different cultures. From 1994 to
2000 I lived in Germany, where I worked at a public school in Nuremberg. I left
Germany in 2001 when I got married and moved to India. My husband, Ron and I
lived in Mumbai for five years. In 2006 we left India and took a long break and
visited Africa where we did voluntary work in Uganda. That was a renovating
experience. In 2008 we arrived to Latin America where we opened a language
school in the city of Buenos Aires. We have visited several cities in Central and
South America. For example, we have been to Bogota, Lima, Mexico city and Rio
de Janeiro. We fell in love with the Latin-American culture. We have had the
greatest time of our lives here. I have just flown to England where I’m going to
stay for some time with my family and friends. I haven’t got the return ticket to
Argentina yet because my husband is in charge of the School now, so I don’t
Since I started / I have traveled / I lived in Germany / I left / took a long break /
we opened / We have visited several cities / I haven’t got the return ticket to
Argentina yet / I have already booked

have to worry about it for some time. For that reason, I have already booked a
holiday with my friends to Greece.
1. In how many countries has Marion lived since she started teaching?
a. 2.
b. 5.
c. 4.
2. Where has she had the best time of her live?
a. Latin America.
b. India.
c. Africa.
3. For how long did she live in India?
a. 3 years.
b. 4 years.
c. 5 years.
4. What language has she taught?
a. Spanish.
b. English.
c. German.
5. Where has she just booked a ticket to?
a. Greece.
b. Argentina.
c. England.
C. Write the correct past participles of the following verbs. / Escriba los pasados
participios de los siguientes verbos.
1. Go. ______________
2. Be. ______________
3. Buy. ______________
4. Sing. ______________
5. Do. ______________
6. Try. ______________

7. Write. ______________
8. Catch. ______________
9. Wear. ______________
10. Read. ______________
11. Drive. ______________
12. Tell. ______________
13. Wait. ______________
14. Speak. ______________
15. Walk. ______________
16. Dig. ______________
17. Make. ______________
18. Forget. ______________
19. Become. ______________
20. Give. ______________
D. Choose the correct past simple form. / Escoja la opción correcta del pasado
simple.
1. What _____________ after the school?
a. Did you did.
b. you did.
c. did you do.
2. I _____________ to bring the bread.
a. forgot.
b. forgotten.
c. forget.
3. She _____________ the ball.
a. didn’t caught .
b. didn’t catched.
c. didn’t catch.
4. Sarah and Jeff _____________ to the Saturday night concert.
a. gone.
b. went.
c. go.

5. _____________ at the meeting?
a. was he.
b. did he be.
c. were he.
E. Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases. / Corrija los errores en las frases
resaltadas.
1. I’ve never ate spicy food.
____________________________________________________________.
2. What year have you finished high school?
____________________________________________________________.
3. They haven’t came yet.
____________________________________________________________.
4. He left the office at 4:00 but he yet hasn’t arrived.
____________________________________________________________.
5. Did you heard the thunder?
____________________________________________________________.
6. She haven’t called us.
____________________________________________________________.
7. They’s just finded a new apartment.
____________________________________________________________.

8. Have you ever were to Cabo?
____________________________________________________________.
9. Can I go out to play? I’ve finish already my homework.
____________________________________________________________.
10. Did you sent the e-mail?
____________________________________________________________.
F. According to the picture write the correct sentences. / De acuerdo con la imagen
escriba las oraciones correctas.
Fuente: SENA
She
Australia She has been to Australia.
Portugal
Peru
Japan

He
Spain He hasn’t been to Spain.
Russia
China
Scotland
They
Brazil They have been to Brazil.
Cuba
Finland
Argentina
G. Write the verbs parentheses in the present perfect or simple past form. / Escriba
los verbos en paréntesis en la forma del presente perfecto o el pasado simple.
A: _____________ you ever _____________ any English novels? (read)
B: Yes, I _____________English literature when I was in high school. (study)
A: _____________you _____________ the eggs yesterday? (buy)
B: No, I _____________ _____________ time. (not / have)
A: _____________you _____________ the new X-men movie? (watch)
B: No, I _____________ _____________ it yet. (not / watch)
A: _____________you _____________to the supermarket last night? (go)
B: Yes, I finally _____________ to. (go)
A: _____________ you ever _____________ to a famous actor? (speak)
B: Yes, I _____________ Carlos Vives last year. (meet)
H. Choose the correct indefinite pronouns. / Escoja el pronombre indefinido correcto.
1. My bag was on the table. __________________ has taken it.

a. nobody.
b. anybody.
c. somebody.
2. Look! There is __________________ in your hair.
a. onething.
b. something.
c. nothing.
3. They were arguing. But after the discussion she said __________________
and left the room.
a. anything.
b. nothing.
c. everything.
4. How was your last weekend?
It was perfect. We travelled to the coast. __________________ went as we
wished.
a. everything.
b. nothing.
c. something.
5. Hey, have you seen my wallet?
No, why?
I’ve looked for it, but I don’t find it.
Don’t worry. It should be __________________ here.
a. Nowhere.
b. somewhere.
c. anywhere.
A. Look at the picture. Select true or false for each statement. / Observe la imagen.
Marque las frases como verdadero o falso.
Practice 2 / Práctica 2

Fuente: SENA
True False
There isn’t anywhere
to sit.
Someone is smoking.
The man on the right
is saying something
to the guy.
There is nothing to
eat.
B. Read the phrases from 1 - 6 and from a - f below. Match the phrases that should
be linked together according to their meaning. One is done for you as example. /
Lea las oraciones de 1 - 6 y de a - f. Una las frases que deberían estar juntas de
acuerdo con sus significados. Una ya está hecha como ejemplo.
1. I can’t sleep. _d__
2. He’s really obese. ____
3. I can’t go to a party. ____
4. I can’t pay you now. ____
5. My backpack is so heavy. ____
6. I can’t live in that apartment. ____

a. I don’t have enough money.
b. He eats too much fast food.
c. I have too many things in it.
d. There’s too much noise.
e. It isn’t enough big.
f. I’m too old.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form of the verbs from the box. /
Complete las oraciones con la forma correcta de los verbos en el recuadro.
1. If I want to watch TV, I have to _________________ all my homework.
2. I forgot we have our final exam today. I didn’t _________________ for it.
3. Our chemistry teacher is really good. He always _________________ the
previous lessons.
4. My brother has just _________________ his English exam.
5. The principal was furious because some students had _________________
on the exam.
6. She is so sad. Although she studied for the text, she has _________________
it.
7. Laura, do you want to go out this night?
I would like to, but I have to study. I’m _________________ my last exam
tomorrow morning.
D. Read the following questions and match them to the correct subject areas. / Lea
las siguientes preguntas y relaciónelas con el área de estudio adecuada.
Who wrote “A hundred years of
solitude”?
a. Biology
What is the capital of Scotland?
b. Geography
What's the difference between Na+ c. History
fail / study / cheat / do / take / revise / study.

and Na?
What’s 6÷2 (1+2)?
d. Literature
Who created the first alphabet?
e. Chemistry
What are examples of a carnivorous
and a herbivorous reptile?
f. Maths
A. Listen to the following words. Click on the word with different sound. / Escuche
las siguientes palabras. Seleccione la palabra con un sonido diferente.
1. Vowels / Vocales
i Sleep. Sister. Beach.
ɪ Live. Study. Need.
Note: This practice must be completed using the multimedia version of the study
material. There you will find the corresponding sound files. / Nota: esta práctica
debe ser completada usando la versión multimedia del material de estudio. Allí
encontrará los archivos de audio correspondientes.
Pronunciation practice / Práctica de pronunciación

ŋ Painting. Weekend. Things.
n Think. Next. Lunch.
ɒ Compost. Vomit. Come.
u Two. Dose. School.
ʌ Conservation. Does. Son.
oʊ Chickenpox. Go. Not.
s Dessert. Passport. Salmon.
z Bruise. Used. Disease.
2. Verbs with -ed endings / Verbos que finalizan en -ed
–ed = /d/ Helped. Enjoyed. Belonged.
–ed = /t/ Crashed. Dressed. Jailed.
–ed = /ɪd/ Exported. Worried. Demanded.
B. Listen to each of the following words and identify their stress pattern. / Escuche
las siguientes palabras e identifique el patrón de estrés.
 Dangerous.
 Relatives.
 Semester.
 Autumn.

 Infection.
 Relax.
 Fascinated.
 Christmas.
 Panama.
 Exciting.
 Appointment.
 Infection.
 Chickenpox.
 Information.
 Garbage.
 Operation.
 Container.
 Medicine.
 Guitar.
 Hazards.
 Demonstration.
 Precious.
 Annoyed.
 Dangerous.
 Committed.
 Fascinated.
 Nosebleed.
 Kilometer.
 Populated.
 Smartphone.
 Inspired.
 Expensive.

References / Referencias
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Christ Church college. Oxford, England. Consultado el 25 de
septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/49019658
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Creative kids class. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en
http://co.fotolia.com/id/60804027
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Female graduate. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Group student near blackboard. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de
2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/55298696
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Librarian placing a book. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014,
en http://co.fotolia.com/id/42731380
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Portrait Of College Student With Backpack and digital tablet.
Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/59479482
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Principal and teacher. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Professor with class. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Schoolboy sitting at desk with classmates in a row. Consultado el
25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/54047753
 Fotolia. (s.f.). School building. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en
 Fotolia. (s.f.). Teacher. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en
 Fotolia. (s.f.). University campus. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

Document control / Control del documento
Name Position Dependence Date
Authors
Kelly Johanna
Vera Diettes
Theme expert
Asesor English Dot
Works - Programa
de bilingüismo
Dirección de
formación
profesional.
Dirección General
September
2014
Nicole Bruskewitz
Theme expert
Asesor English Dot
Works - Programa
de bilingüismo
Dirección de
formación
profesional.
Dirección General
September
2014
Adaptation
Rachman
Bustillo Martínez
Copy editor – Línea
de producción
Centro
Agroindustrial.
Regional Quindío
October
2014

Sem 4 material what i_have_done_in_life

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