Cindy Smith's Campaign Turnaround

Mini Case
iMINICASE STUDY #2
Unforeseen Opportunity in an Election
You are in charge of the advertising staff for Cindy Smith 's election campaign. Cindy is trying to
prevent the eight term incumbent, Jesse Jones, from getting another term in the U.S. House of
Representatives. Cindy decided to run against Jesse because he wrote 150 bad checks in the House
banking scandal, voted to not disclose the names of the people involved in the scandal, and voted to
give himself a substantial pay raise at taxpayers' expense. Furthermore, Jesse seems unconcerned
with the debt crisis and has been criticized by the national press for funding questionable projects in
his district at the expense of more worthy projects elsewhere in the nation. Moreover, Jesse ... Show
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Jack is the president of the student body of the local college. He has been politically active for the
past three years, and two years ago he worked on a U.S. Senator 's reelection campaign. Everyone
on the advertising staff was enthusiastic and energetic after Cindy 's success in the primary, but this
enthusiasm has dampened considerably with the post debate poll results and with Jesse Jones '
relentless attacks on Cindy 's character. Everyone has said the election is slipping away, and Megan
and Jack have threatened to quit and go back to school unless Cindy does something to turn the
situation around. The cohesiveness of the group and your relationships with Megan, Nancy, and Jack
are currently at an all time low.
The campaign manager, Jenny O 'Connor, called you into her office today. Apparently an
anonymous tipster told someone on the campaign staff that Jesse Jones was having an affair and had
fathered a child out of wedlock. Someone on the staff followed up on the tip and has uncovered
evidence lending support to this allegation. Jenny believes a negative ad depicting Jesse Jones as a
corrupt father and politician would be enough to get Cindy elected. Although Cindy has publicly
stated she will not run negative ads in her campaign, Jenny has asked you to take a day to think
about running one on Jesse Jones. Jenny has
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Social Media And Its Impact On Society
Social media, a rather new invention, is seeing more and more usage on the campaign trail. There is
certainly some literature already out there, and this paper will analyze what literature is currently out
there, while also speaking to potential avenues for future research. While most of the literature is
U.S. specific, there may be some instances where social media use in elections in other parts of the
world could reasonably be applied to the United States. Some important definitions must first be
made. First we must ask, what is social media? The answer to this is provided by Ketski and
Conway in the Praeger Handbook of Political Campaigning, in which they define social media as,
"online applications, such as websites, that can be used by large numbers of people to disseminate
information through social networking. Here we see that at the very core of social media, is
information sharing. We are curious about how those we know think and feel on the issues or on a
particular candidate, and as such, we look to social media to inform ourselves as to what our peers
believe.
In order to look specifically at the impact that social media has on elections, we must first look at
the 2008 election and we turn to Smith, who in 2011 published a research paper on the subject. In it,
she firstly mentions that over half of Americans now use social media, and that it is becoming a part
of our everyday lives. She mentions how the 2008 campaign was the first to strongly use social
media,

Essay on Mass Media Coverage of Presidential Election
Mass media coverage of the U.S. presidential election involves two key elements– news reporting
and paid advertising. Combined they make the media an important and influential factor in the
election process. The media depends upon the campaigns for both news and revenues. The
candidates then rely upon the media to get in touch with the largest number of voters possible. The
Media has a " very powerful and justifiable role"
(Fullerton–1) to play in presidential elections and can actually dictate a campaign agenda. "It is the
media's job to sort of be the watchdog
(Fullerton–1)." Their job is basically to ferret out the truth and sniff out the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Such shows really impact the viewing audience due to the voters chance at speaking directly to the
candidate and expressing their own views." (Gorin–1)
The presidential debates are probably the most important media events covered in a campaign
because voters can see how candidates react in stressful situations and can read numerous articles
analyzing the debate after they occur. The debates basically allow the candidates to go head to head
with one another and see who can handle themselves more efficiently and who has the most going
for them.
As far as coverage, newspapers usually provide more material to the campaign than does television,
due to the large amount of reporters able to cover the campaign as well as less cost and time
restraints as TV.
Newspapers also have the benefit of "corrective journalism" (Gorin–2).
"Instead of printing a candidate's statement one day, an oppositions rebuttal the next and a related
opinion piece the third day, journalists have the capability to include charges, countercharges,
background research and analysis all in the same article.
However, Louis Wolfson, a professor at American University says " In a larger sense, I don't think
the media sent the agenda for a campaign he said.
I think the politicians do, because they try to campaign on the issues they are going to be most
successful with and to avoid the ones

Door Knocker Essay
the connection from contact and voter turnout may be misleading. Also, the sample size was small
for the study, leading to question the unreliability and perhaps overstating the outcome of the
mobilization campaigns. This study did find that for competitive races the likelihood of voter
turnout increased 5% and those voters were likely to contribute money. They also determined that
those running the campaigns were most likely to target those who had resources, or were affiliated
with parties, and had strong social networks. They concluded that those with certain associations
were easier to be mobilized to vote. A study conducted in 1998 wanted to determine if the possible
reasoning for the decline in voter turnout was indeed due in part ... Show more content on
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The door knockers who were also of the younger generation and mainly college students used the
scripts of civic duty and that the race was very close. The study suggested that the younger group
may have been mobilized to vote by the door knockers who were also in this same age group. The
study found that the civic duty script had a slightly higher outcome. The study showed that
mobilizing voters wasn't very good. It was however noted that this was a high profile competitive
election with many others from the candidate campaigns, the political parties, and other interest
groups also conducting direct mailings, television ads, and door knockers. Thus those that had been
assigned to the treatment group of this study to receive no contact had been contacted by others also
out campaigning. A 2006, study of direct mail by Gerber, Kessler and Meredith was done to
determine the campaign efforts using direct mail on voter turnout and vote share. In this study the
control group was the governor and secretary of state concentrating the direct mailings for Attorney
General. The findings indicated that the increasing of direct mailings by 10 percentage points did
increase the Attorney General's vote share by 1.5 percentage points. The thought of this increase was
the possibility that voters who were planning on voting were persuaded to change whom they were
voting for or that it persuaded voters to actually go to the polls to vote. In determining the vote share
the study found no

Analysis Of Donald Trump 's Campaign
In an effort to control mentioning of Donald Trump, close examination of popular media outlets
with large audiences will enable the campaign to see changes to rhetoric or schedule of statement
releases (there are, on average, over 200,000 mentions every month). (Politico Staff, 2016)
Campaign staff as well as Trump himself will be speaking with media in a manner that promotes a
tight hold on delegates over the course of the election. Rallies will require significant control efforts
because of protesters. Press conferences will enable the campaign to release accurate information at
appropriate times. This helps keep information circulating in the public to be favorable. Social
media is now a substantial part of elections. Releasing information and ads on Twitter, Instagram,
Facebook and YouTube will generate needed feedback from audiences. Resources will be allocated
to these sources of information because it is the most effective way of controlling what information
flows around in the public, thus allowing the campaign to have a good amount of control on
publicity and media coverage.
The testing aspect occurs at many different ventures around the web from News polls to focus group
studies. Frank Luntz, a market research provider focuses his resources during the Presidential race to
evaluate the public opinion of the candidates based on many issues. Recently polling the effects on
emotions towards Donald Trump using an address to the public based on the region on the world

The Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Activism
Academic Writing and Critical Thinking – September 29, 2014
Assignment 4a – Draft
Joern Meier
Royal Roads University – Continuing Studies
Author Note
This assignment was prepared for Academic Writing and Critical Thinking, PAAP3858–A, taught by
Jessica Michalofsky
Academic Writing and Critical Thinking – September 29, 2014
Assignment 4a – Draft
Final Paper
The almost omnipresent Internet transforms our lives, connecting us to family, friends, and the
world in ways inconceivable only a few years ago. Through social media, we actively participate in
creating, editing, and consuming a never–ending stream of data. Private corporations and
protagonists of political or social change all vie to reach and engage highly targeted ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a logical consequence, Postmes and Brunsting (2002) reasoned that the Internet is changing
society because people's cognitive processes, triggered by access to information and
communication, replace the strong social ties that traditionally underpin committed activism. In
simpler words, in the past, humanity used the herd instinct as the main driving force behind
committed forms of activism. Thanks to the Internet, we climb another step or three on the
evolutionary ladder, and simply do away with the herd instinct and replace it with reason. The
argument, if put this way, does not sound particularly strong. What can be taken away is that social
media is still evolving, that social media changes the way we – or most of us communicate, that
social media is used in social and political activism, and that the Internet increases quantitative if not
qualitative access to information.
The 2011 uprising in Egypt was in many ways a traditional brick–and–mortar revolution, but with a
cyber–twist to it: based on their statistical analysis of a large body of tweets related to the 2011
uprising in Egypt, Starbird and Palen (2012) observed that activists used Twitter as an important tool
to share ideas and information with like–minded people, because Twitter allows a high number of
activists interact using its retweet and other mechanisms. In this case, Twitter was used among
participants and supporters of a traditional mass movement to bypass government controlled

Successful Political Campaign
There are many components of a successful political campaign. The first component would be to
build name recognition. Since many citizens are not well informed about congressional candidates,
getting the candidates name out there can deliver a few extra percentage points of support. The
second would be voter mobilization. Turnout to voting polls is not automatic. Just because someone
supports a candidate that does not mean that they will actually go to the polls and vote. Candidates
have to make sure that they get the people out to vote and do whatever they can to make sure they
do. Campaign professionals refer to voter mobilization efforts as GOTV which means get out the
vote or ground game. They use door–to–door campaigning methods, phone banks, and e–mails. The
third component is decreasing opponent's chances. They try to decrease support and turnout of their
rival. One way they do ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You want to outline your campaign strategy and you want to keep it focused. Fundraising is an
important part of any campaign in the beginning. You can use professional consultants or you can
talk with a consultant who is working on multiple races. There is also a number of staff members
that can work with you on fundraising. During fundraising, the staff will do things like drafting and
supervising mail and Emil fundraising efforts. They work with people to hold fundraising events and
they make call lists and meetings with potential donors to the candidate. It can also be nice to have
an accountant. If you have an accountant, they can keep track of everything like funds raised, budget
details, and how much cash is on hand. The campaign staff is also a crucial part of the campaign
organization. You will need a campaign manager to coordinate the operations of the campaign. You
need the political consultants which help advise the campaigns on what they do. They also do the
research on the voters and the

Campaign Contribution Matching Grants: Pros And Cons
As usual in politics when a new policy is proposed, there are inevitably individuals who oppose the
policy. Likewise, when publicly funded campaign contribution matching grants are suggested to
repair the broken campaign finance system, certain people are against this idea as well. Opponents
to this plan are rallying behind two major dilemmas. The first argument on the opposition side states
that when candidates are elected, the rate of re–election is increased when the system is used. Since
candidates using the matching grant system depend on the majority of citizens to raise the money to
finance their campaigns, the lesser known candidates will only raise a fraction of what the central
candidates can (Christenson 2). Despite this concept, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This gives citizens the feeling that their donations can essentially make a difference which
encourages them to get more involved in the election process and donate to campaigns (Filipovic 1).
Likewise, the campaign contribution matching grant system in New York City has caused donation
rates of small donors to skyrocket because individuals know their money has value. The Brennan
Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law conducted a survey to find out the
likelihood of individuals donating to New York City Council candidates compared to states
assembly candidates. The survey found that Bedford–Stuyvesant, a primarily African American low
income neighborhood, residents were 24 times more likely to contribute money to city council
candidates than to state assembly candidates. The survey also found that Chinatown residents were
23 times more likely to donate to city council candidates and Bronx residents were 12 times as
likely to donate to city council candidates (Filipovic 2). Due to New York City using a matching
grant system, citizens were significantly more likely to contribute to the campaigns of city
candidates because their money would make a greater difference. To coincide with this, The 2009
New York City Council candidates who participated in the matching grant system raised 60 percent
of their funds from 47,719 small donors. On the other hand, the candidates who did not partake in
the matching grant system only financed 15 percent of their campaign from 2,152 small donors
(Malbin, Brusoe, and Glavin 8). Publicly funded campaign contribution matching grants increase
the participation rate of small donors because they carry the idea that their donations can make a

Campaigning at Its Finest
Joshua Michael Stern is a relatively new director in the world of feature films, with Swing Vote
being his most current film, he is also known for movies such as Neverwas and The Amityville
Horror. He comes from a family who comes from directors and show business creators, his
grandfather, Jules Green, was the original executive producer of The Tonight Show, his grandmother
was a studio executive and discovered British talent and brought it to America (Stern, Richman).
Swing Vote takes place in election time in a small town of Texico, New Mexico, where we are
introduced to the main character, played by Kevin Costner, Bud. He is a recently let–off slob with a
very proactive daughter, Molly, who runs the household. On Election day Molly ... Show more
and Charles T. Manatt, former Republican and Democratic party chairmen, respectively said, "...we,
as former chairmen of the Republican and Democratic parties, can attest that politicians themselves
don't like the current situation" (Clark). If the politicians who hire these men don't even like the way
they run things, then how do they keep finding work? There are two reasons, they get results, and
the fact that image means more now than it has ever had before. Victor Kamber, the President of the
Kamber Group, a public relations firm in Washington D.C., says that "'...one reason they are so
much a part of the story now is that we live in an age of news.' Decades ago, the TV news used to be
a half–hour or an hour, counting national and local, but today there are two and three hours of time
to fill with features, he notes" (Clark).
The tactics that the campaign consultants use are often drawn into question, including in Swing
Vote, when the incumbent President Boone's consultant, Marty, tells him to offer Bud a job as a
lobbyist in Washington in order to win his vote, citing that the everyday man likes him, and that it
would soften the image of lobbyists. President Boone questions Marty after hearing this idea, to
which he replies, "We're doing what we always do, dancing the dance, courting the voters." Boone
asks his Marty what

Grassroots Campaigning Via Social Media
Grassroots Campaigning via Social Media: Mobilization and Fundraising on Facebook Abstract:
While recent studies examine social media adoption by politicians, this study follows in the path of
Gainous and Wagner (2014) by examining the content of social media communications from U.S.
Senators and candidates for the Senate. We develop a marketing–based theory to explain which
candidates are more likely to use social media for mobilization and fundraising. Through content
analysis of over 15,000 Facebook posts made by candidates for the U.S. Senate, our analysis
provides insight into the determinants of grassroots behavior on social media. We find that
grassroots campaigning more commonly among challengers and Tea Party candidates who lack the
name recognition and resources of more established candidates. Additionally, race characteristics,
such as competitiveness and the relative positioning of candidates, influences social media posting
strategies, with candidates in competitive races and candidates trailing their opponent more actively
engaging in online grassroots campaigning. Social media platforms are among the most visited
websites in the United States, comprising three of the top 10 most frequented sites as of February
2015 (YouTube #2, Facebook #3, and Twitter #7). Given their widespread use among the public, it is
not surprising that nearly every member of Congress and would–be legislator has a social media
presence. These politicians provide

all I Know Is What I Read In The Papers
"All I Know Is What I Read In The Papers" – Will Rogers
There have been many criteria over the past few centuries that measured one's political clout and
influence: divine right, property, money, and acquaintances. In the twentieth century, particularly the
past two decades, the political power to influence others resides in information: the more
information you have and the more you know how to use it, the more potential influence you have.
People rely on the media for their information, as it is the most easily accessible, efficient, and
passive way of acquiring knowledge. Unfortunately, the media is not completely reliable as it can
and has been manipulated by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This statement is an attempt to manipulate not only the voter who will take the time to read the
reasons in smaller print, but also the voter who only glances through the paper as their attention is
caught, even if it is only for a second, to the bold type and the powerful finality of the statement.
These are examples of direct use of advertisement to sway voters' decisions. There is a more indirect
method as well where politicians use the news media to try to convey their message and hope the
news will air or print it.
During the National Referendum campaign the "No" side relied on this factor more than
the "Yes" side did. In a Globe and Mail article before the vote, the reporter regurgitated
what Judy Rebick had said about the "Yes" side being "top– heavy with
politicians, government types, and opinion leaders"(6), and how the public respects the
"No" side as it is "something that comes from the grassroots"(7). Similar to
the National Referendum, the Quebec Referendum also followed the same guidelines set out by the
Referendum Act concerning media advertising allotment. The only difference was that the
advertisement was localized to

Analysis Of The Film 'The Candidate'
The 1972 film The Candidate is a satirical piece focused on the campaign process in the U.S. The
campaign which is analyzed is the race for California's senator. The protagonist of the story is Bill
McKay, a man who has a disdain for politics due to his father's involvement as a state senator years
before. However, when a campaign manager Marvin Lucas shows up on his door step asking him to
run against the fifteen–year incumbent,Crocker Jarmon, Bill's preconceived notions of becoming a
politician are shaken. Lucas convinces McKay that if he campaigns, his platform will be centered on
bringing awareness to issues that he cares about (should I insert specifics?) not necessarily winning.
Mckay's campaign would then function similarly to that of a third party; calling attention to difficult
issues current politicians tended to avoid. Lucas was so confident in the idea that McKay will not
win that he writes "You lose." in a matchbox and gives it to McKay. Once McKay announces his
decision to run as a Democrat nominee for senator his campaign envelopes his life. Immediately
McKay's media advisor orders him to cut his hair, and dress tastefully to reflect a professional
image. Then his schedule is packed by his campaign staff with the regularities of campaigning like
banquets, rallies, and interviews. Any free time left is allotted to filming infomercials or political
ads.[ McKay's exhaustion due to the campaign's rigorous routine was later displayed in the film
through his slurred speech while he jumbled the lines of his repetitious speech while he was driving
to another event.] The infomercials themselves were altercations of footage gathered from various
staged events which he used during the primaries to get his name out and explain his stance on some
policies. McKay's first stage event was in a poorer region of California where he spoke to locals
about issues involving employment. In the original footage McKay comes off as awkward not
knowing how to spark a conversation with the men and women walking by, but after editing magic a
voice over is used to get his message across in a local broadcast. The second stage event involves
McKay approaching a group of youth on the beach and connects with them by

George Washington And The President Of The United States
Since the start of the United States, there have been politics. Starting with those in charge of the new
colonies, leaders of battles for land all the way to the leaders of the revolution, politics have played a
role in American life. Once the revolution occurred and it was determined that George Washington
would be the nation's first president, a new track for politics was formed. It was from this line of
presidents and official democratic government that political parties, ways of voting, and the various
branches of our government were created. Since the time of the Federalists and Democratic–
Republicans, many things have changed about the way that elections work, how candidates are
elected, what the candidates are expected to do and how to act, and the civility of elections.
However, one thing has remained the same, in order to be elected into office as the President of the
United States, one must find a way to appease voters. In the most recent presidential campaign
between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, many new election tactics were presented – especially
the use of social media, reality entertainment personalities and trying to gain millennial support by
relating to them in various ways. As the use of this new tactic went up, the extremities in other
aspects of the campaign only increased as well. There became an almost lack of seriousness and rise
in hate and bullying, especially in advertising pro their campaign and against their candidates.
Political

Cons Of Political Campaign Financing
Political Campaign Financing
Political campaign financing refers to all finances that have been raised and expended in order to
promote political candidates, parties, and initiatives. According to a survey conducted in November
2018, when questioned "Do you know what political campaign financing is?" approximately 50% of
respondents answered yes, 27% answered no and 23% answered that they had heard of it. The same
survey relayed that only 4% of participants had positive views, 35% had negative views and the
remaining 61% were unsure of their views on campaign financing. Yet when asked the question
"Regarding the role of money in American political campaigns, what level of influence do you think
money has?" 96% of respondents said too much, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The FECA, however, opened the way for a major financing loophole: soft money. Soft money
includes contributions and expenses that are technically not associated with individual candidates.
Examples of this would be issue advertising as well as get–out–the–vote initiatives. Although soft
money never directly reaches campaigns, the activities that it sponsors definitively boosts individual
candidates in the polls and allows donors to remain unnoticed.
The court case Buckley v. Valeo (1976) resolved the question: "Did the limits placed on electoral
expenditures by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, and related provisions of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954, violate the First Amendment's freedom of speech and association clauses?"
(Buckley v. Valeo). This question first came into play following the infamous Watergate scandal.
Congress wanted to end corruption in political campaigns, particularly the financial contributions.
Congress' law created limits on the amount of money that an individual could contribute to a
campaign. It was required the campaign to report contributions above a certain amount of money.
This led to the creation of the Federal Election Commission, or the FEC, a governmental agency
designed to enforce this statute. This influential case concluded that restrictions on individual
contributions did not violate the First Amendment as

Essay on American Politics
Every two to four years, politicians aspire to demonstrate their competency for political office.
Political campaigns and organizations concentrate millions of dollars to undercut and outlast the
opposition. They drag names through the mud, as if it were the next step on the political "corporate
ladder." The American people, caught in the middle, are torn between the need for elected officials
and the heartbreak of countless shattered oaths. Consequently, they dissociate themselves from
misused words like Democrat, Republican, and change. They have learned to bite their tongue, drink
their beer and leave well enough alone. That's exactly what the politicians want. In 1933, the
political landscape attained a new twist: "No single ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sinclair was the author of over forty fictional books. In those books were quotes, from fictional
characters, that Campaigns, Inc. used as Sinclair's own words in the L.A. Times. Campaigns, Inc.
didn't just omit a couple words to suit their needs. They forged a man's beliefs (Lepore). This
tradition of dishonesty carries through to today. Now, hiring a political consultant is a requirement
and a warning: we will do whatever it takes to win (Cain 377). Ironically, Leone Baxter once voiced
that political consulting "must be in the hands of the most ethical, principle[d] people . . . or else it
will erode into the hands of people who have no regard for the world around them. It could be a
very, very destructive thing" (Lepore 59). In America's political history, there has never existed a
person, who fits Baxter's standards. The first five presidents, who helped instigate America's
freedom, were still trapped in monarchy's glamour: They hated monarchial rule, yet desired the
appearance of a king. Their periods of rule was marked with great ideologies, yet blotted with law
that was quite contrary. With the election of the seventh president, Andrew Jackson, George
Washington's political party–free America was abandoned. Jackson "compared to . . . John Quincy
Adams . . . was poorly educated, with rather limited experience as a public servant. Yet his
popularity among voters had reached

The Role Of Flatbush Tenant Coalition ( Ftc ), An...
Client and services
Flatbush Tenant Coalition (FTC) is an initiative of the Flatbush Development Corporation (FDC), a
nonprofit organization that provides an array of support services for the Flatbush community,
including preserving and protecting affordable housing, business attraction and retention initiatives,
immigrant family services, and youth services. It was formed in 1975 by tenants and homeowners
who sought to address the physical deterioration of the neighborhood.
FTC is a coalition of tenant associations that aims to build tenant power in central and south
Brooklyn. Collectively, members work to improve the lives of low– to–moderate income tenants in
the community, who are subject to undesirable living conditions, displacement, and harassment from
landlords. FTC supports the growth of tenant associations and the development of tenant leaders to
address these needs in a variety of ways, including
Supporting tenants in organizing their buildings
Collaborating with tenant associations to initiate building campaigns or other initiatives to address
building issues, including repairs and maintenance
Educating tenants on their rights, housing laws, and political education, including information about
local elected leaders, community boards, and local, state, and national housing agencies
Supporting, planning, and participating in city, state, and national tenant rights campaigns
Helping tenants secure pro bono lawyers and document success
Conducting

Mass Media And Social Media
The Evolution of Media in Presidential Campaigns
The effects of mass media and social media have changed the way people have experienced
presidential campaigns in many ways. With the development of new technologies through the last
hundred years many different ways of experiencing the campaigns have taken place. Newspapers,
radio, television, internet and social media websites have changed the ways we all have experienced
elections. Between 1960 and today, there have been many milestones in mass media and the way it
has been presented to us. In the 1960's television sets were becoming very popular in many
households across America. The first televised presidential debate took place on September 26,
1960. "1963: Polls show more Americans report that they rely on television rather than newspapers
as their primary source for news." ("1963: Polls show..." PBS, n.d.) With the television becoming
the new medium for people to gain information, this was a major milestone in how information was
gathered and perceived. Also in the 1960's the first stages of development of the internet began.
Early computers were also being produced. This had set the stage for upcoming years in technology
that would affect the experience of presidential elections by all. In the 1970's many more
transformations were happening in media. The development of the internet was still underway and
won't become readily available until the 90's to the general public. Public access television was
created. "The

Essay about Celebrity Activists in Contemporary Society
Celebrity Activists in Contemporary Society
Works Cited Not Included
According to the book Celebrity Politics, approximately 10 percent of Americans get national
political news from nightly entertainment shows such as the Tonight Show. For Americans under 30,
the number is nearly five times as many (Orman and West 100). Citizens are looking to be
entertained rather than simply educated by the nightly news. As David Schultz aptly put it, " The
new media cover politics, but only politics as it entertains, in part, because the audience the new
media attract is a less politically interested audience than traditional news audiences" (20). The fact
is that this American audience is less interested in hard news and more interested in ... Show more
The most notable case of a politician using celebrity endorsers is that of former President Ronald
Reagan, a former B–list actor himself. Some of his supporters in 1980 included James Cagney, Zsa
Zsa Gabor, and Hoagy Carmichael (West and Orman 38).
The growing connection between politics and Hollywood has happened for a number of reasons, in
a somewhat cyclical fashion. Politicians need Hollywood stars to support their campaigns because
celebrities are useful in fundraising attempts and recognition. They have the advantages of fame,
wealth, and can easily command press attention. In return, celebrities endorse candidates whose
policies are beneficial to their industry. For example, while Clinton was in office he argued for
"industry self–regulation and a television rating system, as opposed to formal government
regulation" (Ormand and West 38). For this and other reasons, Hollywood stars donated large sums
of money to Democratic candidates in return. In 2000, Hollywood contributed $20 million to
Democrats as opposed to the $13 million that was contributed to the less Hollywood–friendly
Republican party (Ormand and West 40).
This is the new "celebritized" (Combs 123) political culture in which advocacy organizations must
function. Because the media is so inundated with celebrity

Election Budget Essay
Liu 5 Jing Liu Prof. Sharifian Government 2306 26 Oct 2017 Unit2 Assignment Running for office
usually costs a lot of money. The candidate needs to spend a great deal of money on advertising on
television, internet and social media websites etc. Hiring expertise consultants and campaign staff,
purchasing databases and sophisticated polling information, and covering overhead expenses, all
rely on the money resource. Campaign costs vary in a broad number range. According to an analysis
by Texas Tribune, the money spent by each candidate varied from $3,197,957.56 for U.S. House to
$0. While the highest "cost per vote" reached $61.52. The analysis reveals "campaigns that won or
lost on the cheap, as well as those that paid heavily for their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Knocking on doors in the district and introducing my stands is another action. Next step, I will seek
support from PAC organization, such as Texas Parent PAC, by telling them about my stand about
education and environment protection and gain their support. Based upon my platform, I think the
"Texans Uniting for Reform and Freedom" (TURF) will support me, due to my stand for non–toll
public transportation agrees with their position of "promoting non–toll, sensible transportation
solutions." The other interest group may support me is "Environment Texas", whose efforts focus
exclusively on protecting Texas' air, water and open spaces. These ideas are same with my stands for
"encouraging usage of mass transportation to improve air quality" and "encouraging renewable
energy and protecting environment". Two SIGs might oppose me will be "Equality Texas" and
"Texas Equity PAC", which are two of interest groups advocates for the LGBT rights. Although I
respect everyone's right for their own sexual identity, my stands for "the facility utilization should be
based on biological birth gender" might result in their opposition. My Slogan will be "For us and for
kids, For today and for tomorrow!" Because my platform stands for the language education and
facility utilization at school will make our kids get more benefit and be safer in public school. My
platform stands for promoting the mass transportation and

Film Analysis Of The Movie Primary Colors
In the movie Primary Colors, Henry Burton is a young African–American political idealist recruited
to join the campaign of Jack Stanton, a captivating governor of an unknown Southern State. Stanton
is trying to win the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States. Henry Burton is
the grandson of a civil rights leader who is drawn into Stanton's presidential campaign. "Your
grandfather was a great man," Susan Stanton, Jack's wife, says to Burton when he arrives with her
husband. "Jack Stanton could also be a great man, if he weren't such a faithless, thoughtless,
disorganized, undisciplined shit." (Nichols) Burton seems like a decent guy but soon realizes there
isn't much room for decency in high stakes political campaigning. At the beginning of the movie,
Burton is impressed by Stanton's genuine warmth and compassion for people. He soon becomes part
of Stanton's inner circle of political advisers that also includes Susan Stanton, Richard Jemmons,
Daisy Green, and Howard Ferguson. Stanton debates his Democratic rivals in New Hampshire and
is impressive. After this remarkable debate, Burton's ex–girlfriend shows up and questions Stanton
about a past arrest. When Stanton was a teenager, he was arrested for an anti–war protest during the
1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago. It's revealed that Stanton called a U.S. senator to help him
get released then persuaded the mayor of Chicago to have his police record expunged. The team
becomes worried that

Wikileaks Research Paper
Effects of WikiLeaks on Political Campaigns Does someone campaigning for a political office tell
the truth during, his/her political campaign? A politician campaigns to make the public aware of
what his/her political views are on our country, and what/how they will change things in our
country. Some politicians tell the public everything they want to hear, but when they get elected into
office nothing changes, or they do not do, what they promised to do during their campaign. Thus, a
new organization called, WikiLeaks has brought to light documents of politicians campaigning for
public office. With the addition of Wikileaks into society, this had made citizens more aware of not
only the politicians views, but also their lies. Although most ... Show more content on
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To start from the beginning, there was a discrepancy with Hillary Clinton emails while she was
Secretary of State of the United States, beings she sent work related and personal emails through the
same server. Hillary Clinton did had about 55,000 emails to the State department, she deemed work
related, but around 15,000 emails were not turn in. Thus, while Hillary Clinton was campaigning in
this past years Presidential election, WikiLeaks divulged many of those emails that she did not turn
in, to the public. Such as, one email was leaked by WikiLeaks, that claimed Hillary Clinton was
being paid around 225,000 for speeches, she had made about Wall Street Executives. While all the
time Hillary was proclaiming in her campaign for President, she would be harder on executives.
Also, in another one of Hillary's emails leaked, she had prior knowledge of a question she would be
asked at a town hall regarding the death penalty, while campaigning. In another email of Hillary
Clinton's which was leaked claimed to state how she would govern the United States. In this email
she stated, she did not plan to release anything publicly, so no posting online or anything public–
facing, just to the committee. Also, she was considering placing a friendly story which would, lay
this out before the majority on the committee has a chance to realize what they have and

Need For Money Essay
Corporate political campaign donations often attract scrutiny from watchdog organizations, as well
as the American public. Many fear that the ability to raise and spend large amounts of money is
abused, and put towards a more duplicitous effort of earning influence over votes from policy
makers. The large price tag on elections deters substantial reform from taking place, and the issue is
likely to persist for many years unless major legislation is passed.
Campaigns and Finance: The Need for Money Election cycles in the United States are among some
of the longest in the world. The caucus system encourages those running for office to being their
campaign long before any votes are actually cast. The prolonging of American elections requires ...
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The only campaign in the 2016 election which opted to use this public funding was Former
Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley. Campaigns turn elsewhere to raise funds. Individual citizens
may donate money directly to candidates of their choice. This "hard money" is strictly regulated by
the FEC, with specific caps on how much is allowed per election. A Political Action Committee, or
PAC, is a political organization which are organized for the purpose of raising and spending money
to elect and defeat candidates. Typically, PACs represent business, labor, or ideological interests.
These groups must register with the FEC, and can give up to $5,000 to any candidate per election,
$15,000 annually to any national party committee, and $5,000 to any other PAC. PACs can also
spend their money independently on political activities, including advertising and other efforts to
support or oppose candidates in an election. From 2015–2016, PACs raised a total of $2.2 billion. In
2010, after the judicial decisions of court cases Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and
Speechnow.org v FEC, a new type of PAC was made possible. Officially known as "independent–
expenditure only committees," these Super PACs raised nearly $1.8 billion during the 2016 election
cycle. The courts had ruled that Super PACs may engage in unlimited political spending as long as
contributions to candidates campaigns are not made. However, it was not illegal for candidates and

What is a Social Movement?
The definition or meaning of social movement, organization, resources and activism continues to be
quite complex and difficult to define. Everyone has a different perspective or definition based on
their experiences on social movement, organization, or activism. From reading Activism, Inc, I
understood a different perspective on social movement, organization, and activism than from
Freedom Summer. In Activism, Inc. Fisher, points out the reasons why the Left, known as the
Democratic Party, fail to win the 2004 presidential election and why the Right, known as the
Republic Party, succeeded. In the 2004 presidential election, the Left had a weak connection and
relationship between local members and the national progressive group. The Left consolidated its
grassroots campaigns to try to gain strength and connection. The Left operated these campaigns by
hiring young people to canvass for them through professional organizations, such as the People
Project. The experience that those young canvassers, who go to door to door, stand on streetcorners
recruiting or renewing memberships for organization had made an impact because it is shaped the
future of progressive politics in the United States and determined the ways these American will
participate in politics in the future (Fisher, 10). According to Fisher, one of the problems or
challenges of consolidation of grassroots activism is, "its continued reliance on political consultants
and professional organizers to run campaigns. By

The Department Of Transportation ( Dot )
Jerry Johnson is the site manager at a Department of Transportation (DOT) customer service office,
where nine other employees also work. Mary Marshall, a former employee at that particular office
of the DOT has reported to our office, the OIG of the DOT, that Jerry Johnson has been devoting his
attention to his own personal things, such as engaging in "church work" and "political work" while
on government time from the DOT.
This investigative report is based on a tip from an employee of the Department of Transportation
(DOT), MARY MARSHALL, regarding possible misconduct and illegal activities. Specifically, Ms.
Marshall states that a site manager, JERRY JOHNSON, is conducting personal business on
government time. The following information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She also stated that she has heard that in order for Bernie Brown to maintain his contract with the
Department of Transportation, he contributes money to candidates that are supported by Jerry
Johnson.
Information on Rhonda Richards provided by Mary Marshall:
Ms. Marshall also stated that Mr. Johnson utilizes his assistant Rhonda Richards, to carry out
political work such as typing documents, making calls, and delivering documents while on
government time.
Investigation launched:
Mr. Johnson is under investigation for using government time and resources to conduct personal
business at the expense of the DOT. Also, there may be reason to believe that Mr. Johnson may be
using his position and power at the DOT to influence other individuals for personal gain.
An interview conducted on January 22nd, 2008 with Jerry Johnson revealed that he has been a site
manager for the DOT for the past five years but has been employed by the DOT for approximately
seventeen years. During his time as the site manager, he has also been employed as an officer for his
local political organization and is an ordained minister for his local church.
Findings from the investigation:
Bernie Brown was seen arriving the State Office building located at 234 North Elm St. and at the
time of surveillance, he was seen in and out of the building to go to a convenience store as well as
McDonald's where he met with Jerry Johnson and Rhonda Richards. Bernie Brown was seen giving
a white envelope

The War Room Analysis
D. A. Pennebaker's The War Room is a film about the figures behind the scenes of a political
campaign. Given a subject that historically lends itself to drama and narrative tension, Pennebaker
makes active choices in filming and editing to find the story within the story. The film becomes a
sort of meta–art: a media narrative about the people responsible for controlling media narratives.
Pennebaker approaches the film as an appreciation of fellow craftsmen, giving credit to James
Carville and George Stephanopoulos' tactical brilliance. Through the use of carefully thought–out
editing, intentional camerawork, and intimate access, The War Room lays bare the hidden layers of
communication present within the campaign.
The War Room is about communication, and the editing choices help to weave together the often
invisible lines of contact present in politics. In one instance, Pennebaker films both sides of a
telephone conversation between Carville and Stephanopoulos. While the clips may not even come
from the same conversation, the evidentiary editing immediately opens up the world of the movie.
The audience no longer cares solely about the room in front of them, but is also curious about the
important action in other conference rooms, happening just a phone call away. Pennebaker also
highlights the contrast between the public and private spheres of communication. In particular,
there's a political need to project a certain cohesiveness, regardless of internal discord. The War
Room depicts many meetings where the strategists are bogged down in minutiae, debating word
choice and the colors of rally signs. Pennebaker artfully contrasts these scenes with the final media
output. When the film cuts to the end of the rally, the audience sees the balloons fall in conjunction
with Fleetwood Mac, Bill's face on a giant monitor, and a crowd full of coordinated signs. Presented
by itself, the rally feels seamless and natural; the crowd has an organic and infectious enthusiasm.
The inclusion of the tedious conference room discussions shows the intentionality behind the rally.
The crowd shots, normally the public focus, begin to feel impersonal and fade into the background.
The audience cares more about how the rally will affect

The Impact Of Modern Campaign Finance Laws On America
Campaign Finance
Introduction:
In 2011, two sociologists named Erik Olin Wright and Joel Rogers identified five core American
values: freedom, prosperity, efficiency, fairness, and democracy (Wright and Rogers). America's
numerous ideals inevitably cause these values to come into conflict each other. Such conflict
characterizes the debate over the implications of modern campaign finance laws in America. The
Supreme Court's ruling in Citizen's United v. FEC in 2010 undid former restrictions placed on how
money can be spent on federal political campaigns. Prior restrictions like the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 and its amendments in 1974, placed limitations on political donations by
Political Action Committees (PACs), political parties, and even individuals. Originally these
restrictions were put in place to deter corruption that could undermine the democracy inherent in US
values and elections. The Supreme Court's ruling in 2010 revolutionized the scene by declaring that
independent expenditures are protected by the first amendment to the US Constitution. They further
asserted that for all intents and purposes corporations are legally viewed synonymous with people in
terms of political spending. The Supreme Court's ruling emphasized equality and freedom, but at
what cost? Critics, like Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, suggest at the cost of democracy, and
ultimately corporate interests diminishing freedom in the long run. As a result of this case, more
money is now

Teen Activist Research Paper
Have you ever heard of a teen activist? If you haven't, you will today. A teen activist is a kid or a
teenager who wants to change the world. They fight for what they are passionate about. They go
through tough obstacles along the way but don't give up what they love. They do this because they
want to change the world. Some teen activists are Malala Yousafzai, Alex Libby, and Alex Lin. All
teen activists change the world. For example, Malala changes the world of education. According to
the interview with jon stewart and ellen, her school shut down that's when she started. She started
fighting for education around the world. The taliban didn't like Malala. She was attacked and shot in
the face and was rushed to hospital in England. The Pakistani hospital could take good enough care
of her. When she was shot she refused to die and survived. The taliban didn't stop her from fighting
for children's education. As a results, that's how one teen activist changed the world. ... Show more
He changed the world by trying to stop bullying. In the video CNN news interviews Alex Libby.
Every day on the bus Alex was bullied. He was stabbed, punched, hit and abused. He never told his
parents about it. Until someone named lee recorded it. He showed it to his parents. The parents went
straight to the principal who tried to ignore the situation. Alex stared in a movie called "Bully" after
he did he wasn't bullied anymore and had lots of friends and got good grades. And started to get
celebrities on the topic. This shows how another teen activist changed the

Essay about Behind the Scenes of Politics
Since the rise of the New Deal American political consultants have become a sought after
commodity. After the 1930's the United States moved to broader theoretical models of political
change, thus leaving candidates the need to widely promote their ideologies to obtain votes.1 The
growth of the media during this time changed the handling of campaigns and as a result left political
candidates to aggressively pursue political consultants to advocate their elections in the interest of
the aspirant's party. Political consultants, while preferring to work behind the scenes of politics, plan
and coordinate campaign strategies, arrange meetings, and publicize candidates and their party's
cause.2 Political consultants are advertising executives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These campaign specialist offer valuable and indispensable services to politicians and ensure that all
campaign needs are met and the resources are allocated appropriately and efficiently. Demographics
play an important role in the production of advertisement. They also critique the political platform
for a candidate or party. Demographers study population makeup, distribution changes, and factors
concerning human communities.8 They collect data on the population of certain areas; including
women, minorities, opposition party voters, and educational fields, and analyze the significance of
these numbers. This data helps political managers identify areas that will retain the most or least
votes for their candidates and strengthen there platform based on voter ideology. The information
provides evidence to what areas polls should be conducted. Polls provide the best direct source of
information about the public opinion. They involve a survey of the overall population by designing
questionnaires, tabulating answers, and analyzing the results in a report.9 A

Essay On Election For Office
Rijal 5
Aryan Rijal GOVT 2306 Professor Sharifian 02 November 2017 Cost to run for Office in Texas
Running an office is not that easy and one who is running office must spend a lot of money for it.
During the time of elections, one spends more money to get the votes. At the time of campaigns lots
of money are spending to get one's vote and get victory. Each vote counts important to candidate, so
he/she spends as money as they can and want to get every possible vote in their favor. But spending
a lot of money doesn't ensure one's victory. Looking to the last year's election statistics of The Texas
Tribune, Clinton spent more money than Trump during the time of election, but she didn't win the
election.
According to The Texas Tribune, in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The candidate must make a slogan in such a way that it will include majority of people's views. If I
am the one who is running for the office, then my slogan will be, "Let's Put Hands Together for The
Difference". There are lots of politicians and have their own points of view, but I want to make
differences starting from the current political affairs and the problems that people facing in the
present situation. I will mostly focus on the crimes that are happening in today's date. We can hear
gun shoot out in many places, killing people for some money, drugs selling and many other crimes
on daily basis. I will reach out the interest group like Texas NAACP, Texas Moratorium Network
which can help me in my campaigns. Another factor that can affect my campaigns is media. Media
plays a vital role for the popularity of the office during the time of election and maintain the good
image of candidate in public. A candidate must have good relationship with the medias because
media can create a good image of candidates in the public. I will seek the help of newspaper like
Daily News, USA Today, News Day and so on for my election campaigns because they are the most
selling newspaper till this date. I will ask some of the celebrities to help me in my campaigns. I will
mostly prefer the top–rated singers like Kim Kardashian, Beyoncé, Jay Z and so on because they can
the most viewed celebrities and they can help me in my campaigns with their voice.
1

My Career As A Signal Officer Essay
From a young age, I knew that I was interested in public speaking and the crafting of messages that
the audience would be able to learn from. After joining the Army at 18 and choosing a degree in
communication, it was clear to me that my two favorite things would overlap in the future, to bring
me the career of my dreams. After graduating college with a degree in Organizational and
Professional communication and with a minor in Advocacy in Criticism, I am committed to serve in
the Army full time. Immediately after college I plan to commission into the communication branch
of the Army, or signal. This is where I will begin my career as a Signal Officer, managing my
delegated area of the army and troop communication as a whole. After a few years of experience
there, I will branch off as a Civil Affairs Officer within the Army. This will deal with the
communities we will be integrated with during deployment and allow me to make a positive
relationship and impression with those members of the community. Finally, after I leave the Army, I
will be in prime position, experience and intelligence wise, to take up an executive position working
for the government. –My hope is to get into either politics, Homeland Security or US Customs and
Border Protection, as a Public Relations Specialist to try to repay the nation that has already given
me so much.
To start this journey, I took my love and knowledge for politics and begin gaining experience. I
started volunteering back in

Public Financing Of Campaigns Adopted At The State Level
My research will attempt to affirm or deny the validity of the following theory:
"Different mechanisms for the public financing of campaigns adopted at the state level have led to
higher quality candidates, more competitive elections, and more responsible governance." In order
to execute a circumspect and empirical analysis of the tangible effects of public financing, I will be
focusing on scholarship which dissects each of the individual factors involved, including the various
mechanisms of subsidization, changes or lack thereof in competition upon implementation
(primarily regarding instances of contested incumbency, rather than open seat or uncontested
elections), and the quality of candidates who accept public funding. The articles I chose to centralize
my research on, in conjunction, should help to reveal the overall effects public financing imposes on
each of these variables, allowing one to postulate its contribution or counteraction to responsible
governance. However, in some respects, it appears that the literature does not currently exist or
perhaps even cannot exist in order to definitively support any such claim, as I will come to over the
course of this survey. To begin, as a brief and general overview of the different mechanisms for the
public–financing of political campaigns at the state level, there are three very broad categories of
funding: candidate based, political party based, and tax incentives for campaign contributions. The
variety in which the

Flexibility Is Key Essay
Flexibility is Key: Interning for Citizens for Rauner I walked into the campaign office feeling well–
prepared to introduce myself to the Citizens for Rauner staff. The night before, I had spent a few
hours reviewing my resume and was ready to answer standard interview questions they had for me.
Right as I sat down, Willie, the campaign's regional field coordinator for DuPage County thanked
me for dressing to the occasion noting my suit and tie. Not all students they interviewed came
dressed nicely. He proceeded to immediately begin selling me on why this would be an excellent
internship and extended me the offer to intern with them. This was the fastest internship offer I had
ever received! I accepted the offer and Kara, another office ... Show more content on
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This came as a shock to me and I was surprised to learn Illinois does not have any laws governing
payment in exchange for petition signatures.
Substantive Learning The majority of my practical learning has been gained through collecting
petition signatures for a number of political candidates. Through talking to voters of ages ranging
from 18–90+, I learned how to successfully collect petition signatures and gained insight on voters'
most important issues.
Successful Signature Collection As I began working for the campaign, I was immediately drawn
back to when I took Campaigns and Elections with Dr. Black. This class was taught leading up to
the 2016 presidential campaign with class time and assigned readings being dedicated to campaign
strategy. The Rauner campaign followed a number of successful strategies I previously learned
about in this class. First, the campaign used the Illinois Republican Party's voter database in order to
ensure I went only to favorable doors. Only two or three times did voters refuse to sign citing they
were Democrats. Through micro–targeting conducted by the party, I was able to have greater
success gathering signatures and avoided activating strong Democrat voters. Political polarization
was another concept I did a research project on in Political Research that was changed by my
internship experience. As I went door–to–door, there were a number of voters who cited Rauner as

Use of Technology in Election Campaigns
Role of Internet in 2008
Social media
Social media played a vital role in 2008 U.S. President Elections. Using of Social networking
websites like Facebook, Twitter, You tube was adapted by the political parties and influenced them
to use social media in order to reach people effectively in U.S.
Presidential Elections in 2008 has changed the way of campaigning and expressing effectively.
Digital technology allowed leaders to interact with voters, transforming the campaigning totally into
a new level. Both the lead contenders Barack Obama and John McCain engaged with people by
using Social media. But there were many apparent discrepancies between Obama's use and his
opposition use of social media as their medium to communicate with people.
Obama's use of Social media in 2008 election campaign can be compared to former President John
F. Kennedy's use of television. Besides using email and website, Obama focused on Social Media to
activate the young voters. His extensive use of Social Media appeared to be the major factor in his
victory over John McCain in 2008. Obama had 2 million Facebook friends while McCain had only
600,000. Obama spent millions on advertising in Facebook and Google to grab attention of voters
whereas, McCain used television advertisements. Obama focused on Social media sites to pass on
the information to the millions of volunteers and to get the donations, the campaign used Social
networking sites to connect with voters and supporters. Obama

Campaign Finance Reform Should Be Restricted And Monitored
In American society, campaign finance reform is continuously a topic of discussion. This year's
2016 election will be the most expensive campaign with presidential candidates Donald Trump and
Hilary Clinton is running for office. By this coming November, campaign spending for all
candidates spending for all candidates who ran in this year's election will be an estimated total of 4.4
billion dollars ("Do We Really Need"). For campaign finance to experience reform, we must first
acknowledge that the current system is broken. Campaign finance should be restricted and
monitored, laws can create more incentive for candidates to disclose political spending. Disclosing
Political spending helps voters make informed decisions at the ballot box, and fosters trust in the
political process ("Do We Really Need"). States regulate campaign finance in three ways by
disclosure and reporting requirements, setting contribution limits to candidate campaign, and by
providing a method for public financing of elections. Candidates who run for Federal Office as
President of the United States, Vice President, and Senator or House of Representatives have the
responsibility to contact the Federal Election Commission to obtain forms and information regarding
Federal Campaign requirements and filing deadlines (De Gruyter). States use public financing of
elections is by providing means by which candidates can accept public funds to conduct their
campaign. If a candidate takes into this program making

The Importance Of Campaigning In The United States
To win a presidential election, it is a necessity to be able to afford the cost of campaigning. The start
up cost is $10 million just for the headquarter. These candidates will need to spend another $4 to $15
million to stay in the game. The fight to remain as a candidate is vicious as there will only be a
couple of candidates being chosen for the final round. To be in the final round, they have to gain
their popularity, advertise about themselves in order to win. The downside to the hefty price of
campaigning is that only the wealthy can win. The less wealthy ones are those whom are less funded
and are not in the two major political parties in the US. Hence the majority in the US might not be
very well represented due to social inequality.

Analysis Of ' The Campaign Game '
Pg. 263–277
The Campaign Game
As a fun fact, the term campaign has its origins from the military as this was the name given for
when the general had a strategy towards accomplishing a big goal. o The whole point of a campaign
in politics is that the primary nominee must create their own image of exemplary leadership and
confidence so they gain more supporters as Election Day grows closer and closer. o Technology also
has started to play a major role within the political system of the United States as a whole.
Back in the good old days, the way campaigns would work is that the primary nominees would get
their own train and travel the nation to speak and visit as many people as they possibly could afford.
o In today's world, the live television broadcasts of the nominee's campaign is the primary way
messages are spread to majority of the nation. o This has a bad side to it though because this gives
the media too much power and the media then begins to influence who to vote for rather than the
candidates themselves. o In addition to this, the creation the World Wide Web further increased the
amount of dependency campaigns have upon technology. o In fact, one of the very first things
primary nominees take the time to do is create a website so that the population are able to see their
stance on all the primary issues occurring.
The use of technology has also had a great impact upon the funding for these type of campaigns. o
Back when Obama was running, majority of

Presidential Election Of George Washington
In the 240 years since declaring independence from Great Britain, America has seen 44 presidents,
many of whom have served multiple terms in office. Each of these presidential hopefuls has
employed a marketing campaign to earn the support of voters across the country, and the strategies
used have given politics an infamous reputation. From their humble beginnings during the George
Washington era to their infamy in modern elections, political advertisements have undergone
extensive changes. Although advertisements were originally positive messages intended to gather
support, they have recently taken a negative turn. These negative ads often defame other candidates,
attacking their credibility and qualifications for the presidency. Demand from radical supporters and
technological advancements are to blame for this change, causing political advertising to transform
into harsh attacks, as well as strategized marketing ploys aimed to win the support of voters. During
the first presidential election of George Washington there was no need for political advertising, as
Washington ran unopposed. After leading the United States to victory in the Revolutionary War, he
did not need to convince anyone of his ability to lead the young nation. Despite not campaigning for
the office, Washington won the election unanimously in 1789, and re–elected unanimously in 1792,
making him the only president in history to win by a unanimous decision (Eddins). Unlike
Washington, his successors found

The Influence of Mass Media on the Way Political...
The Influence of Mass Media on the Way Political Campaigns are Run
On the Monday when the United States Supreme Court issued its ruling on whether the deadline for
certifying votes could be extended in Florida, there was an unsettling sight on TV. News
correspondents came flying out of the court and stood, out of breath, before the cameras. Without
having read the six–page ruling, reporters began to talk to millions of people about what the court
had done. Some reporters got it flat wrong, saying the high court's ruling was in favor of George W.
Bush and a defeat for Al Gore. News wire services and several Web sites also incorrectly
summarized the court's action. It was only later that the news media corrected itself by reporting that
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since most of the media are either free or lowly paid like the news, PR and general programs,
candidates feel they are not presented correctly. IN an effort to bring up their status among their
voters or potential voters, they need impressive ads on television or extensive campaigns on radio
airtime. Therefore in view of their situation mass media is the best option (Lawrence 213). In this
context the need to evaluate the effects of media, its analysis of the psychological validity as well as
financial implication it has on the overall election result is important. For this purpose the researcher
has posit the following hypothesis for discussion.
HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT
The mass media (political cartoons, print, TV) influences the way political campaigns are run.
Moreover, I believe the effect is more greatly felt in the earlier stages of campaigns, up to about 2–4
weeks before the election.
DISCUSSION
The following is a detailed investigation why mass media influence the way candidates run their
political campaigns.
Evolution of mass media in political campaigns
The evolution of media as a way to inform voters has been age old. In the olden days when Abe
Lincoln was fighting for his own camping it was the newspaper and the caricatures that attracted the
voters most. His street speeches as well as personal relationship with his people of that time brought
about public

Cindy Smith's Campaign Turnaround

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