Clinical presentation
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Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America, with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted primarily by mosquitoes between monkeys and humans. The clinical presentation involves three periods: an initial infection with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, then a return of symptoms with increased intensity and potential complications like jaundice and hemorrhaging in the intoxication period.
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Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical Africa and Latin America with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted by mosquitoes carrying the yellow fever virus, primarily between monkeys but also from monkeys to humans and between people. The clinical presentation involves three periods: an initial infection with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, and a final toxic phase with more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding.
Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted through mosquito bites found in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It has three clinical periods including an initial infection period with flu-like symptoms, a remission period where symptoms subside briefly, followed by a toxic intoxication period with more severe symptoms like jaundice and hemorrhaging. There is no cure for yellow fever, though a preventive vaccine was developed in 1937.
Influenza 1234
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is known to cause pandemics and epidemics may occur every 2-3 years between pandemics. There are currently three circulating strains of influenza A virus: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. Avian influenza, particularly the H5N1 strain, has pandemic potential and first infected humans in 1997. Influenza viruses are unique in their frequent antigenic variation, which can result in either antigenic drift (gradual change) or antigenic shift (abrupt major change). The virus is transmitted through droplets and humans and various animals can act as reservoirs. Prevention
Influenza (community medicine)
Influenza, or seasonal flu, is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, or C. Type A viruses can cause pandemics when new subtypes emerge that humans have little immunity against. Influenza spreads easily through droplets and contact. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions are at highest risk of complications like pneumonia. Seasonal flu epidemics typically occur in winter. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. Antiviral drugs can treat influenza if started early. Good hygiene and avoiding sick people can help prevent spread.
Antropozoonosi inglese
The document discusses various anthropozoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans, often through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It identifies several factors that have increased the spread of these diseases, including climate change, globalized trade and tourism, and keeping unconventional pets. It then provides more detailed information on specific viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Yellow fever mkk
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that is endemic in parts of Africa and Central/South America. Symptoms include fever, headache, jaundice and vomiting. A small percentage of cases become severe and cause liver and kidney failure with a fatality rate around 50%. The disease is preventable through a single-dose vaccination that provides lifelong immunity. The WHO launched the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics strategy in 2017 to strengthen surveillance, laboratory testing, vaccination programs and emergency response in at-risk countries.
Yellow fever
Krishna Bharat Patil presented on yellow fever, with the objectives of defining the disease, describing its background, transmission, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes that causes jaundice and affects Africa, South America, and Central America, with an estimated 84,000-170,000 cases and 29,000-60,000 deaths annually. It has urban and sylvatic transmission cycles and symptoms in three stages from acute infection to intoxication with liver and other organ failure. Diagnosis is through blood tests and vaccination is the main prevention method.
Congo fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease carried by Hyalomma ticks and transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. The virus is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with flu-like symptoms initially, which can develop into vomiting blood, black stools, liver swelling, and shock. The disease has a high fatality rate of around 30% and is diagnosed through blood tests and tissue sampling. There is no vaccine available though supportive care and ribavirin treatment may help recovery. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites and reducing contact with potentially infected
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Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical Africa and Latin America with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted by mosquitoes carrying the yellow fever virus, primarily between monkeys but also from monkeys to humans and between people. The clinical presentation involves three periods: an initial infection with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, and a final toxic phase with more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding.
Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted through mosquito bites found in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It has three clinical periods including an initial infection period with flu-like symptoms, a remission period where symptoms subside briefly, followed by a toxic intoxication period with more severe symptoms like jaundice and hemorrhaging. There is no cure for yellow fever, though a preventive vaccine was developed in 1937.
Influenza 1234
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is known to cause pandemics and epidemics may occur every 2-3 years between pandemics. There are currently three circulating strains of influenza A virus: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. Avian influenza, particularly the H5N1 strain, has pandemic potential and first infected humans in 1997. Influenza viruses are unique in their frequent antigenic variation, which can result in either antigenic drift (gradual change) or antigenic shift (abrupt major change). The virus is transmitted through droplets and humans and various animals can act as reservoirs. Prevention
Influenza (community medicine)
Influenza, or seasonal flu, is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, or C. Type A viruses can cause pandemics when new subtypes emerge that humans have little immunity against. Influenza spreads easily through droplets and contact. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions are at highest risk of complications like pneumonia. Seasonal flu epidemics typically occur in winter. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. Antiviral drugs can treat influenza if started early. Good hygiene and avoiding sick people can help prevent spread.
Antropozoonosi inglese
The document discusses various anthropozoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans, often through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It identifies several factors that have increased the spread of these diseases, including climate change, globalized trade and tourism, and keeping unconventional pets. It then provides more detailed information on specific viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Yellow fever mkk
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that is endemic in parts of Africa and Central/South America. Symptoms include fever, headache, jaundice and vomiting. A small percentage of cases become severe and cause liver and kidney failure with a fatality rate around 50%. The disease is preventable through a single-dose vaccination that provides lifelong immunity. The WHO launched the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics strategy in 2017 to strengthen surveillance, laboratory testing, vaccination programs and emergency response in at-risk countries.
Yellow fever
Krishna Bharat Patil presented on yellow fever, with the objectives of defining the disease, describing its background, transmission, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes that causes jaundice and affects Africa, South America, and Central America, with an estimated 84,000-170,000 cases and 29,000-60,000 deaths annually. It has urban and sylvatic transmission cycles and symptoms in three stages from acute infection to intoxication with liver and other organ failure. Diagnosis is through blood tests and vaccination is the main prevention method.
Congo fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease carried by Hyalomma ticks and transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. The virus is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with flu-like symptoms initially, which can develop into vomiting blood, black stools, liver swelling, and shock. The disease has a high fatality rate of around 30% and is diagnosed through blood tests and tissue sampling. There is no vaccine available though supportive care and ribavirin treatment may help recovery. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites and reducing contact with potentially infected
Influenza
1) Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that affects humans and some animals. It is caused by influenza viruses, which mutate frequently leading to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics when a new virus strain emerges.
2) Pandemics occur when a new influenza A virus acquires the ability to infect humans and spread easily between people because no one has immunity. This can happen through antigenic shift of genes between animal and human viruses.
3) Past pandemics provide clues but are unpredictable - a future pandemic could cause high illness, death, societal disruption, and pressure on healthcare systems globally. Vaccines, antivirals, and disease control measures may help slow spread until a pandemic vaccine
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Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It is caused by the yellow fever virus and primarily spreads through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The disease was originally found in Africa and was spread to the Americas via the slave trade. Symptoms include fever, chills, nausea and jaundice in some cases. There is no specific treatment, but supportive care can improve outcomes. Vaccination is the most important prevention method against yellow fever.
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Yellow fever virus
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that originated in Central Africa. It causes symptoms like fever, jaundice, and in severe cases significant bleeding. While most cases resolve, 15% of infections progress severely and can result in death within 7-10 days. The virus is a positive-sense RNA flavivirus about 50-60nm in diameter. Diagnosis involves testing for viral RNA or antibodies in the blood. Vaccines can prevent yellow fever, but supplies of one major vaccine may be limited in the near future.
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2) Dengue is the biggest arbovirus problem worldwide, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes dengue fever and the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
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- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract and can cause illness from mild to severe. Outbreaks occur yearly.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Diagnosis involves virus detection tests on respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest and fever control. Prevention includes annual flu vaccines and good hygiene practices.
Seasonal Influenza
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3) Past pandemics provide clues but are unpredictable - a future pandemic could cause high illness, death, societal disruption, and pressure on healthcare systems globally. Vaccines, antivirals, and disease control measures may help slow spread until a pandemic vaccine
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1) Arboviruses belong to three virus families including Togaviruses, Bunyaviruses, and Flaviviruses. Dengue fever is caused by any one of four related flaviviruses.
2) Dengue is the biggest arbovirus problem worldwide, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes dengue fever and the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
3) Diagnosis involves serology to detect IgM and IgG antibodies or isolation of the virus. There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment, so management focuses on supportive care and
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Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and causes liver infection and inflammation. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic infection. Chronic infection may lead to serious complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B is preventable through vaccination, which induces protective antibody levels in over 95% of people vaccinated.
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This document discusses influenza (flu), including its causes, symptoms, high-risk groups, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract and can cause illness from mild to severe. Outbreaks occur yearly.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Diagnosis involves virus detection tests on respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest and fever control. Prevention includes annual flu vaccines and good hygiene practices.
Seasonal Influenza
This document discusses seasonal influenza and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It provides a timeline of 20th century influenza pandemics. It then discusses the 2015 swine flu epidemic in India, noting over 33,000 cases and 2,000 deaths reported. It also provides data on cases and deaths from swine flu at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital in Ludhiana, with 71 cases and 11 deaths. The document compares H1N1 to seasonal influenza and discusses epidemiology, virology and clinical presentation of influenza.
Epidemiology H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
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20180211 influenza
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Ebola viral disease
This document summarizes information about the Ebola virus presented by Shabir Ahmad Gania. It discusses the origin and strains of Ebola virus, how it is transmitted from animals to humans, symptoms and progression of Ebola viral disease in humans. It also summarizes current treatment options, vaccines under development, methods to control and prevent transmission, and concludes with the need for continued scientific and public cooperation to prevent future large outbreaks.
Viral disease of Human
1. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases.
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Genetics and infectious diseases
Genetics play an important role in infectious diseases. Host genetic factors determine susceptibility and disease progression for many infections like tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Specific genes influence disease outcomes, like sickle-cell trait providing protection against malaria. Understanding host genetics provides insights into disease pathways and targets for prevention and treatment. Future applications include personalized medicine, genetic counseling, and gene therapy.
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Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is transmitted via the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito and symptoms typically include fever and headache that can progress to coma and death in severe cases. While not directly transmissible between humans, malaria can be transmitted through blood transfusions or shared needles. Resistance and susceptibility to malaria is partly determined by certain red blood cell polymorphisms. Control methods include removing mosquito breeding grounds, insecticide spraying, and use of bed nets.
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Arbovirus An Overview
This document provides an overview of arboviruses, which are RNA viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It discusses several major arbovirus types including flaviviruses, togaviruses, and bunyaviruses. Key aspects summarized are:
1. Arboviruses can infect both humans and animals, with transmission occurring via bites from infected mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies.
2. Major arboviruses described include yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Symptoms range from mild fever and rash to severe encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever
Dengue fever
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causing flu-like symptoms. It occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication known as severe dengue or "break-bone fever". Epidemics occurred as early as the 18th century in Asia, Africa, and North America. There are four types of the dengue virus. While most age groups and both sexes can be affected, children are at higher risk than adults. The disease occurs more frequently during and after the rainy season in India. There is no specific treatment, but fluid intake, rest, and antipyretics are used. A licensed dengue vaccine was approved in 2015 but further analysis found it may increase risk
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It affects the liver and kidneys, causing symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches and vomiting in the early stages. Later stages can involve more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding. Diagnosis is made through blood tests detecting antibodies or viral RNA. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supportive care. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, providing long-term immunity against the disease. Reducing mosquito populations through vector control also helps limit transmission.
2_Pathogens (1).pptx
The document discusses three major diseases prevalent in Africa: Ebola, HIV, and malaria. Ebola is spread through contact with bodily fluids and causes hemorrhagic fever. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and progressively destroys immune cells. Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites and causes fever, nausea, and fatigue. While there are no approved vaccines for Ebola, experimental treatments are being tested.
Epidemiology of malaria
This document summarizes information about malaria epidemiology. It discusses that malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. Around 198 million cases and 584,000 deaths occurred globally in 2013, most among children in Africa. Specific high-risk groups include young children, pregnant women, people with HIV/AIDS, travelers, and immigrants. In India, around 22% of the population lives in high transmission areas, and malaria cases and deaths are most common in certain northeastern states. Unstable transmission is seasonal, and most Indians have little immunity. Treatment involves prompt diagnosis and complete treatment with antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, ACTs, or primaquine depending on the Plasmodium
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This document summarizes information about two arthropod-borne infections: dengue and malaria. For dengue, it describes the viral cause, transmission via Aedes mosquitoes, clinical presentations including classical fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and prevention through mosquito control and vaccines. For malaria, it discusses the protozoan cause, transmission via Anopheles mosquitoes, clinical stages of fever, and prevention through presumptive treatment, radical treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and vector control measures. It also briefly mentions filariasis caused by nematodes transmitted by mosquitoes.
Nipah virus : New emerging disease with high mortality
Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus that causes disease in both animals and humans. It was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998-1999. The natural host is fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, and it is transmitted to other animals and humans through contact with bat secretions or excretions. In humans it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh, India and other Southeast Asian countries. There is no vaccine available for humans currently, though supportive care is provided for symptomatic treatment.
nipahvirus-180525062654 (1).pdf
Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus that causes disease in both animals and humans. It was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998-1999. The natural host is fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, and it is transmitted to other animals and humans through contact with bat secretions or excretions. In humans it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh, India and other Southeast Asian countries. There is no vaccine available for humans currently, though supportive care is provided for infected individuals.
Small pox and chicken pox
The document provides information on smallpox (variola) and chickenpox (varicella). It describes the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission, prevention and control of both diseases. Key differences between smallpox and chickenpox are enumerated. Smallpox was eradicated through a global vaccination program due to factors like no animal reservoir, effective vaccine, and lifelong immunity after infection. Chickenpox is generally a mild self-limiting disease caused by the varicella zoster virus.
Influenza virus
This document provides an overview of influenza virus. It discusses that influenza is caused by RNA viruses that affect birds and mammals. Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, and coughing. There are three types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Type A and B are responsible for epidemics and can undergo antigenic drift or shift. The virus enters through the respiratory tract. Prevention is through annual flu vaccines that target the most common strains expected that season.
Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection.
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is common in parts of Asia. It is transmitted to humans via bites from infected Culex mosquitoes. While most infections cause mild symptoms or no symptoms, approximately 1 in 250 infections result in encephalitis, which can be fatal in 30% of cases. Survivors often face permanent neurological impairments. Control efforts focus on vaccination programs and reducing mosquito populations in areas like rice paddies where they breed.
malaria.pptx
Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. They account for over 17% of infectious diseases worldwide and cause 700,000 deaths annually. Malaria is a major vector-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted via Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2021, there were an estimated 247 million malaria cases and 619,000 deaths. Dengue is another significant vector-borne disease spread by Aedes mosquitoes. The global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically, with an estimated 100-400 million infections annually. Japanese encephalitis, transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, with an estimated 68,000 cases
Emerging infections dr rosni
This document discusses emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. It defines emerging infections as diseases that are newly appearing or increasing after past existence. Key factors driving emergence include globalization, antibiotic resistance, and environmental changes. The document lists diseases emerging in Malaysia, including avian influenza, dengue, and drug-resistant pathogens. It emphasizes the importance of accurate laboratory diagnosis and strengthened public health measures and surveillance in addressing emerging threats.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE - Human Viruses & Viral Diseases by Dr. Roopam Jain
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Clinical presentation
- 3. • Acute viral disease endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America • A re-emerging infectious disease for which there is no cure or specific treatment • Preventive vaccine developed in 1937 • Extensive vaccination campaigns ongoing in Africa
- 4. Transmission • Yellow fever is an arbovirus – a disease transmitted by arthropod vectors • Mosquito is primary vector • Mosquito transmits virus primarily between monkeys, from monkeys to humans, and from person to person
- 5. Clinical Periods • Three distinguishable periods • Infection: fever, headache, malaise, weakness, nausea and vomiting (3-4 days) • Remission: Symptoms remit before coming back with increased intensity • Intoxication: jaundice, albuminuria, cardiovascular instability and hemorrhagic manifestations • 15% of cases progress to intoxication • Overall 3% case fatality rate