Vikings Myths

Vikings Myths
When the average person thinks about Vikings they probably imagine muscular, wild eyed, bearded
men ready for battle. Some aspects of that statement might be true, however there are a lot of
misconceptions about the Vikings. One of the most common myths surrounding the Vikings is that
they wore horned helmets, while in fact the helmets they adorned were much more conservative,
usually comprised of a leather rounded cap with metal reinforcements often including a face guard.
The idea that Vikings wore horned helmets was introduced in the 19th century when they became a
romanticized group of people. Gerry Larson an avid explorer of Norwegian heritage says that,
"Romantic authors did not know what sort of equipment the heroes of the sagas had ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For those voyages they built ships to travel in, these ships helped shape the Viking age and were
called "long ships" and often nicknamed "dragon–ships" due to their carvings, these boats used for
their long voyages. Unbeknown to most people they also built smaller boats called knorrs for
carrying goods, people, and livestock. "Viking long ships could sail in shallow water. So they could
travel up rivers as well as across the sea. In a raid, a ship could be hauled up on a beach" (BBC).
Once the Vikings had travelled across England continuously attacking other monasteries they
attacked the city of York in hopes of gaining land there. They had to attack twice to successfully
conquer York because their first attempt failed due to the King and the Earl of York not being
captured. "This was a more violent clash. The Anglo–Saxon Chronicles recorded that there was 'an
excessive slaughter made of the Northumbrians'. Among those killed were Aelle and Osbert."
(History of York). The excessive slaughter included the Vikings preforming a blood eagle on King
Aelle, this is when your rib cage is torn out and folded back to form the shape of an eagle's wing.
The gory practice of blood eagles was a common tradition to be done to the murderers of Viking
warriors. They did this to the King for the alleged killing of Ragnor Lodbrook a great Viking leader,
legend says he was killed by being thrown into a snake pit to die during the first attempt to conquer
York. Two years after the capture of York a treaty between the king of Wessex and the Viking king
was agreed upon and they would call it the Treaty of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Viking Culture : The Vikings Of The Viking Period
In order to examine the Viking period, one need to know how the vikings became vikings and that
they were ancient Scandinavian people who lived from late 8th century to early 11th century.
Vikings originated from what is now modern day Denmark, Norway and Sweden. They were
warriors,fighters, inventors, merchants, that had a huge impact on the European history. They settled
in many parts of Europe, and even as far as Asia. When people hear the word "viking" they usually
think about massive, violent creatures who travelled around Europe to fight and destroy European
countries, but did they? Before discussing what happened to them, it is helpful to know who they
were. Vikings age were defined as the years between 793 and 1066. It was during the time that
Northern people had the largest impact on other Europeans. Such as trade, and through viking raids.
There are actually a lot of misinterpretations about the Vikings. The Vikings were originally not
from one country, but three– Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The three countries that were in union
before they dissolved and turned into three dependent countries. The viking period goes way back in
time. From around 800 a Kr, crowds of Norwegians, Swedish, and Danish people went on
something called depredations around in Scandinavia. The Vikings robbed goods and gold, but at
the same time learned a lot of new things wherever they travelled to. There was also a vast number
of Scandinavians who left their homelands to seek fortunes

A-Vikings And The Viking Age
During the Viking Age, parts of Europe experienced a communal force of wild seamen travelling
and raiding for treasure up and into the Mediterranean from Scandinavia. The civilized world
viewed the Vikings as terrifying warriors. They also considered the barbarians to be also pagans
because of their Norse religion which involved the gods like Thor, Odin, and a warrior heaven
(Valhalla). In addition, to define the Viking community, according to Vikings: Raiders from the
North, "The derivation of the term is unknown... To go 'a–Viking' meant to go forth on expeditions...
to acquire riches." (17–18) This expresses that the original word "Viking" means to voyage and to
attain wealth, although the phrase A–Viking can provide an explanation. Applying the term A–
Viking with the Merriam–Webster definition of a community, "a unified body of individuals: such as
a body of persons having a common history or common social, economic, and political interests,"
Vikings or a Viking community can mean a person or a group of persons proceeding on a common
expedition towards wealth. Although, the combination provides a decent definition, it lacks the
cultural aspect and way of life behind the Viking community. A lust for wealth only surfaced the
general concept of their voyages. The Viking community is significant due to the fact that their
culture provides inspiration to people to write about the Viking's way of life. Examining their beliefs
is the first indication. Whether it comes to sailing

Similarities Between The Vikings And The Viking
In Norse society, the word Viking meant a sea–borne raider. It was used similarly to the way we use
the word "pirate". To go a–viking meant to undertake sea–borne raiding. The word itself was a job
description and did not pertain to everyone. The word Viking did not apply to women, children,
slaves or others who did not go raiding. It wasn't until the nineteenth century when the word passed
into common English usage, where it has come to be used to describe the people of Scandinavia in
the period from the late eighth to eleventh centuries, not just for those who carried out the sea–borne
raiding. In some ways, the Vikings were not that different from their European contemporaries.
Scandinavian social hierarchy involved kings and chieftains who protected and controlled certain
regions which is very similar to the Carolingian models. Like other European kings, their titles were
usually heritable. Another similarity between the Vikings and their European contemporaries is that
they both had slaves. Most slaves in Scandinavia and Iceland were house slaves and shared in the
regular work of farming households, which is similar to serfdom in Medieval Europe. The Vikings
also had laws set in place and held legislative and judicial gatherings like many other European
societies during this time. Despite these similarities, there were some major differences between the
Vikings and their European contemporaries. For starters, women in Norse society had more
freedom. Unlike most other

The Vikings : The Invasion Of The Vikings
The Vikings, and is referred to as the Germans, the Romans threat is the last one barbarian tribes in
Europe. From their home Scandinavia spread, they will be in a dragon boat (because in this leading
the carved on the bow and stern of the boat and get this title) across the ocean and suddenly attack.
They would have made a raid and then wash first, in any big fight before the arrival of the troops to
attack will be to retreat, but their ways are gradually become bolder. Later on, they even conquered
and settled in important areas in Europe.
They will not hesitate to kill a pagan priest and plunder the property of the church. Generally, people
will fear in their cruel and brutal, they are like the devil from hell. At the time, they are excellent
craftsmen, sailors, explorers and merchants.
The Viking's home is in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Their descendants and once controlled the
most of the Baltic inland of Normandy, France, Russia, Britain, Sicily and southern Italy and parts
of the Palestinians. They found that Iceland in 825 (the Irish monks there already), and settled in
875.In 985, they colonized in Greenland. There is strong evidence that, before Columbus discovered
the new world they had reached Newfoundland and explore the part of North America.
"Viking" this noun from northern Europe ancient word "Vik", meaning, "harbor", "little bay". The
9th century Scandinavian used the word, meaning "sea expedition". In some parts of Europe, the
Viking period of the

Facts About Vikings
Vikings
They were the most dominant of all warriors. they left their mark in many places such as Britain, the
European content, as well as parts of Russia, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland. These fierce
warriors were known as the Vikings. The Vikings were Known for their relentlessness and
unmerciful ways which is why they were the most feared of their time.
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are three countries from Scandinavia in which the Vikings came
from. They were mainly farmers, fishermen and traders. Most Vikings had more than one son and it
was tradition for the eldest to inherit and take over the farm. Since there was more than one son a lot
of men had to choose between working for their brother or leaving to go find their own wealth and
land. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They soon heard of how successful and rich they had became and how easy it was to do it, so many
Vikings joined together to invade many different countries. Some Vikings decided to stay in the area
they conquered and expand in the places they had taken. The Vikings invaded many places along the
north sea and Atlantic sea of Europe including, the Netherlands, France and Spain. They also sailed
the rivers of Germany to invade settlements along the rivers.
The Vikings traveled the sea in ships called longships. They are usually between 20 and 35 m long.
They would fit around 20 and 60 Viking warriors with each their own weapon and shield, and they
were made strong and light to be able to sail faster through the waters. The long ship was extremely
important to the Vikings. It is said that when a chef dies the ship is sometimes buried in the grave,
they thought it would help the dead person to sail quickly to Valhalla; and when a important warrior
died they would be placed in their ships and set on fire while the ship sailed

The Viking Research Paper
The Viking Age was from 800 to 1050 AD ("Where Did They Come From?"). During that time the
Vikings attacked, plundered, and created their own culture in Scandinavia and other islands. The
very first Vikings were from Scandinavia and most of them left their homeland to seek freedoms and
fortunes elsewhere (History.com Staff.). There are many famous viking leaders, explorers, and gods.
Many people think of Vikings as uncivilized and bloodthirsty, but many of the things that people
think about the Vikings are not true. The very first Vikings made their homeland in Scandinavia
("History Of The Vikings."). The most common occupation for Vikings during the viking age was
farming and fishing ("Where Did They Come From?"). Other Vikings would also ... Show more
The First places that the Vikings raided were Islands and mainly the coastal cities and villages of the
British Isles. Their favorite targets would be undefended churches and monasteries along the coasts
of those islands (History.com Staff.). The Vikings liked to raid those because they usually had
wealth and mainly because they were undefended. In the Vikings' religion, they felt that the
religious places would be the most important places to defend, so during an invasion or attack those
religious places would be the most heavily defended and protected

Vikings Dbq Essay
The Vikings were a very successful group of warriors from Scandinavia. They started raiding and
violently attacking other places because of their lack of resources. The Viking homeland was rural
and people worked as fishers or farmers. Scandinavian people got their fish from the sea, but
because the soil in that area was not very fertile, there wasn't enough grain being grown to feed the
rising population. "As Scandinavia's population grew, food shortage became a common problem.
Looking for new sources of food and wealth, some Viking leaders decided to take what they needed
from other people" (Doc. A). When the Vikings attacked cities, they took everything they could and
then burned what was left of the destroyed city. "And the Vikings came on them just like a storm
and cut them down, carried off everything, and burned the place" (Doc. B). Because of this, there
was no one left to come after them, or anyone to avenge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Everywhere the Christians were the victims of massacres, burnings, plunderings: the Vikings
conquer all in their path, and no one resists them" (Doc. C). This shows that when people saw the
Vikings, they didn't even bother trying to defend themselves, and instead immediately surrendered.
That is how well known they were. The Vikings have also been described as devils or warriors. "The
monks. . . described it often as if the devils from hell are being unleashed on them" (Doc. D). The
Vikings were very similar to the Mongols, in the sense that they both were warriors who raided
Central Europe, and survived off of fear, intimidation, and terrorism. The Carolingians were so
scared of the Vikings raiding, that they began to pay them protection money. "And these payments
were so enormous that there were years when the empire had no currency anymore" (Doc. F).
Because of this, people living in Central or Western Europe had to barter for what they

The VikingsAttacks And Invasion Of The Vikings
From approximately 793–1066 BC, large groups of Scandinavians left their homelands and set out
on raiding sprees and voyages of exploration all throughout the coastal sites of Britain, within
continental Europe, and throughout other islands. While the exact reasons for the Vikings' raids and
explorations are unknown, many speculate that overpopulation in their homeland, their knowledge
of shipbuilding and navigation techniques, the desire for trade, the growing economy, and internal
conflicts of Europe were all key motivators. Further, while the Vikings are no longer a live group of
peoples, there are an abundance of long–term effects still found within the lands they settled.
Known as Scandinavians, seafaring warriors, Vikings, and Norsemen ("Northmen"), this famous
group of raiders was not made up of a single race. Collectively, Vikings came from areas that are
now known as Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In fact, the word "Viking" came from Scandinavians
themselves. The Old Norse word "vik" means "bay or creek," and the word "vikingr" denotes
"pirate" (History.com Staff).
However variant the Vikings homelands were, they all shared a few common features that made the
Europeans fear them. First, they all came from a land that was foreign to those they raided. Worse,
they were not civilized in the same customs, and they were most definitely not Christians. The harsh
way in which the Vikings attacked the coastal monasteries of the British Isles and other locations
shocked the

Viking Settlements
Viking presence during the period between the 8th and 15th centuries is widely accepted among
Scottish historians, but the exact impact on the region has been strongly debated by scholars because
of the lack of archeological evidence of Norse settlements. Within the last few decades new
information has emerged that reinforces the much larger view of a more prominent impact by the
Vikings within Scottish history. This evidence points to a longer period of Viking influence in the
areas of linguistics, town names, festivals, advanced metallurgy, and communal settlements.
Though the history of Viking interaction with the people of Scotland did not begin in any specific
year, the violent raids on Iona and Portmahomack brought their presence into focus for the Picts
inhabiting the area. The monks at Iona, which was founded by St. Columba in 563 ... Show more
He notes that diet varies by length of stay in one area. For instance, Viking settlements that appear to
last for generations tended to have a diet that included cereal and whole grains because they were
able to farm. Short term encampments show a diet rich in wild birds and fish. Jones believes the
evidence of an agricultural Viking society would mean non–aggressive interaction with the
indigenous people of Scotland, at least for some groups, and a steady assimilation into Scottish
society.
Other groups began to form trade routes, with artifacts from Uzbekistan, Russia, and Ireland found
in Viking settlements supporting this. Neil Price , who specializes in Viking–Age Scandinavia,
believes there is enough evidence to conclude that Vikings were trading their state of the art swords
and knives for exquisite jewelry and precious stones throughout the

Research Paper On Vikings
Scandinavians (Vikings) had first settled in southern Scandinavia, but then they started to seek and
explore just as every other nation in history. They had started to divide into separate factions and
were loosely structured, but they still had enough in common to work together and expand. They
stretched from their southern Scandinavia to England, a bunch of really tiny islands, tips of Europe's
mainland, Iceland, Greenland, and landed in Newfoundland (which they called Vinland). They had
skirted around other islands and peninsulas similar to Greenland, but didn't settle there. What is
fascinating is the fact that they had landed in North America about 5 centuries before Columbus.
They had used an early version of their most recognized longboats. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The ships were massive and wait for it... long. They were slim, durable, and flexible. This allowed
the ships to steer through fjords, streams, and the ocean. They only thing they lacked (of which they
added later) was a mast and sail. (Only in the 15th century did Europeans create a ship that
surpassed the longboat.) Vikings, known for their raiding and pillage, were driven to these acts by
overpopulation and poverty. A contrasting image of their big and brute reputation, they were made
up of "landless sons, social outcasts, and political refugees." Their later divisions spread even
further. Their beginning expeditions were small and mostly unrecognized, but as people started to
"recognize" them (not collectively) they were dubbed an assortment of names and were even hired
as mercenaries by Byzantian Greeks. They remained mostly in the northern north of the equator, but
they were still expansive people considering. They "fell" to their expansion, assimilation, and loss of
Scandinavian

The Vikings And The Vikings
In modern society, the Vikings are seen to have been bloodthirsty savages and are often portrayed in
cinema as such. They are usually portrayed wielding axes and wearing horned helmets, destroying
everything and anyone in sight. The truth is that the archaeological and historical records can only
reveal so much about the Viking conquerors of England. They did not wear horned helmets and they
left behind beautiful trinkets just as the Romans did hundreds of years before. Cinema likes to
portray Vikings as bloodthirsty savages because it makes for a good story, but they also like the hero
to always be victorious. What is left of the archaeological and historical records show that the
Vikings were no worse than the Romans or any other conquering army in Britain. The Vikings were
a conquering nation like the Romans who had ruled Britain many years before. Rome conquered the
native English, forced them to live under Roman rule, and resurrected a wall to keep out the natives
who refused to submit. The brutality of Rome was known even before Viking raids started
devastating England. Bede even wrote about the Romans fighting the Gauls and stated that
Constantine "did more harm than good to the Commonwealth" (Bede: Book 1, Ch. 11). The
difference is in the way the two groups were viewed by the people living in England. The English
praised the Romans and embraced them as part of their heritage and even contributed their first
success against the Angles to Ambrosius Aurelianus, a

The Vikings Research Paper
The Vikings had been seafarers from part of Europe known as Scandinavia, which incorporates
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden these days. The Viking spread out from Scandinavia from the eighth
through the 11th century. During the Viking ages, the Vikings unfold through Europe and the North
Atlantic and conquered or colonized many territories. Even though the Vikings have been warriors,
they had been additionally merchants, explorers, and settlers.it is frequently suggested that the
Vikings started on their seafaring expeditions for the purpose of exploring and colonizing new land
The Vikings were courageous sailors and explorers. Households had been organized to hazard their
lives on unstable journeys to find out new lands. Vikings settled in Britain, they additionally sailed
out into the North Atlantic Ocean then south to the Mediterranean Sea. They sailed to the Faeroe
Islands, Iceland and Greenland. Ambitious Vikings sailed their ships a protracted manner across the
sea. They found their manner through searching out landmarks, such as islands and far flung
mountains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was crafted from natural metallic. They didn't want to provide away their production era in their
weapon to anyone because the sword became their point of strength. Most of the Vikings swords
were found in rivers across Scandinavia and northerly Europe.
Likewise, The Vikings traded throughout Europe, and as a ways east as central Asia. They furnished
goods and substances which includes wine, silver, silk, earrings, spices and glass. They also sold
goods which include tin, iron, wheat, honey, wool, fur, wooden, fish and leather. Anywhere they
went the Vikings provided and presented slaves. Traders carried folding scales, for weighing cash to
ensure they were given a straightforward

Viking Longship Impact On The Vikings
BOOM! BANG! FLASH! Churches stripped of their wealth, and the survivors as slaves, these were
the sounds of terror of living in mainland Europe's settlements when Viking raiders came and
massacred local inhabitants and monks. The stories of the Viking people have always been
romanticized; however, slightly less known is their advanced maritime technology. Earlier types of
Scandinavian ships often got damaged easily or got lost at sea. The Vikings needed a ship that
would withstand the harsh Scandinavian waters and allow them to fish, travel, trade, and wage war
easily to further their maritime community (Forte). This resulted in the culmination of their
advancements, "the pinnacle of their material culture; the foundation of their power, ... Show more
The innovation is not around today; however, its existence spurred the creation of other medieval
European ships and aspect of its design can be still seen today, such as with the common speedboat.
Not until Medieval times was the superiority of the longship able to be surpassed by "mainland
Europe's later advancements in shipbuilding, where the taller, more powerful ships dominated over
the short and swift Viking craft" ("Viking–Age History). Nevertheless, no other watercraft can ever
compare to the glory of the longship, with its ingenuity and its versatile design in being able to
travel both forwards and backwards, and having the fastest traveling speeds of its day. The longship
allowed the Vikings to "colonize, trade and ultimately extend the boundaries of the medieval world",
which changed the course of history ("Viking Ships –

Viking Funeral Essay
A Viking funeral is unlike any funeral that the modern individual is used too. According to Ibn
Fadlan, author of "Ibn Fadlan's Account of Viking in Early Russia," an article that narrates a Viking
funeral from an outside perspective, that shows how ritualistic and sacred a Viking funeral is. Fadlan
presents this account by explaining the descriptive process of the funeral of a Viking from an outside
perspective. This paper will be a brief summary and opinion on the funeral of a Viking. Vikings
come from their own country, and they anchor their ships on the River Volga where they build large
wooden houses. In every house lives ten to twenty people, give or take. When a poor Viking dies,
they build him a boat, place him in it, and consume ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the day comes where the two are supposed to be consumed in flames, the dead Viking's ship
is drawn ashore. People bring a couch and place it on the ship, and they cover it with Greek gold
cloth, and pillows of the same material. Then an old crone came, who was called the "Angel of
Death." She played a part in the sewing of the garments, all of the equipment needed for the funeral,
and the most important part, the slaying of the girl who agreed to die with her master. "Near him in
the grave they had placed strong drinks, and fruits. They now clothed him in drawers, leggings,
boots, and a kurtak and chaftan of cloth of gold, with gold buttons, placing on the head a cap made
of cloth of gold, trimmed with sable." The Viking was dressed very well, to honor and respect him.
That is something that society today can relate too, since we dress our dead in suits and other things
to respect their passing. After the dressing they finally carried him and placed him in the ship.
"Pillows, and, bringing of strong fruits, and basil, placed them all beside him. Then they brought a
dog, which they in two, and threw into the ship..." They also laid all his weapons beside him, and
two horses and two ox's as well were cut up and put on the ship to burn with the Viking and the girl.
The funeral of the Viking is very sacrificial, they sacrifice not only humans, but countless animals as
well. This is found in many cultures and is usually a sacrifice to the God(s) for countless

Essay On Viking King
The Last Great Viking Leader
In our society, we remember the Vikings as a heritage of ruthless, land–ravaging, horned helmet
wearing, blonde haired, white men. However, only one of those stereotypes is historically correct–
their ruthless tendencies. Vikings were not known as Vikings until they had long disassembled, they
were primarily known as Danes. Their homelands were located in the northern areas of Denmark,
Norway, and Sweden, three countries of Scandinavia. Like any other powerful leader and person,
Harald Sigurdsson 'Hardrada', which is an epithet given to him, had strengths, weaknesses, climaxes
and downfalls throughout his life, beginning on his nameday in 1015 AD (Mandal). Viking kings are
still remembered and their stories are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They lived in centralized farming villages in hall–like houses, and families all lived together in the
one house (Hauge). Everyone pitched in on the farm or in the house. While women still had some
restrictions, they were far less stressed than other heritages, "The division between a woman's and
man's domain was established at the doorstep. The outside work belonged to the man and the inside
work belonged to the woman", however women could be warriors if that was their choosing
(Hauge). Vikings were driven to be honorable men, an honorable man described through Viking
heritage is a generous, courteous, and loyal man. However, if a man was to become disgraced in
society there were specific ways to deal with that; confronting the source of condemnation. Which
in turn made revenge an important part of their society and could be how the Vikings attained their
ruthless description (Hauge). The Vikings lived based on a government formed millennia ago, which
was highly advanced for their time period, "Viking society was self–regulated. Law and order was
based upon the Thing system, which had already been established via common–meetings dating to
least 600 AD. The Thing had legislative and judiciary powers. Among other items, the Vikings
elected their King at the Thing" (Hauge). However, Harald wasn't elected King, he fought for his

Viking At Coppergate
Introduction From the 8th century to the 11th century, the Vikings, used their stronghold in the
Scandinavian Peninsula, to exploit westward to Iceland and Greenland, even Canada, southward to
mainland Western Europe and southwestward to Britain and Ireland. Tyranny and poor living
conditions might be the main reasons for their invasions (Owen 1999 10). There were two invader
sources, one was from Norway called 'Norse', the other was from Denmark called 'Danelaw'. At the
beginning of the Vikings' expansion, piracy and trade were the dominant elements, however, after a
period of time, they began to settle down in their colonies, such as Britain, France, Ireland and
Russia. This essay will be focused on contrasting evidence regarding Viking ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It is supposed that, at the beginning, the Scandinavians established Jorvik as a military base,
however, with the archaeological evidence, it was originally planned as a permanent manufacturing
and trade centre in which it had administrative, commercial and defensive functions (Hall 1990, 82).
York was an ideal settlement where the Vikings, based on the Roman core area, set up a large new
street system, although the street plan appeared originally irregular and was defined by a mixture of
topographic and inherited historical features (Hall 1990,

The Vikings And The Viking Age
The Vikings were Norse seafarers, who mainly spoke the Old Norse language. They raided and
traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central and eastern
Europe, during the 9th to 11th century. The Vikings originated from Scandinavia, and the beginning
of the Vikings expansion often originates from the raid of the Lindisfarne Monetary on 8 June 793.
The Vikings were the first Westerners to sail to Iceland, Greenland, and over to the New World.
However, the story of the Vikings is also an important story for the development of the Christian
world in the West. Throughout this essay, I will explain the importance of Viking religion, Viking
trade, and how the Viking age had an impact on the way Western and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The reason for the Vikings leaving their homelands and venturing off on trade missions, raids,
explorations, and new settlements is largely unknown, due to a lack of evidence (Vikings weren't
huge fans of writing down their day to day lives and history.) However, it can be speculated that
they left for a few reasons. The first of those reasons was to escape forced conversion to Christianity
by Charlemagne. The Vikings had their own unique religion which differed heavily from
Christianity. Add to this the fact that Christians don't have the best history with accepting other
beliefs, it is understandable that the Vikings may have feared Christian conversion and sought to
find new lands to escape. This fear of conversion was a large part of the Saxon wars affecting
Germanic peoples. It's worth noting the irony of the Vikings leaving their homeland in fear of
Christian conversion considering their leader Harald Bluetooth (935–985), who was the King of
Norway and Denmark, eventually converted the Vikings himself to Christianity. The second reason
for the Vikings suddenly migrating may be due to their beliefs in relation to inheritance. Vikings
gave their first sons all acquired land, this caused younger sons to venture off on their own to gain
their own property. Regardless of the reason, the Vikings ventured off in their long ships to raid,
pillage,

Negative Effects Of Vikings
Furthermore, the Vikings led to a decrease in the power of the English monarchy and lordships. By
obtaining lands, they were able to remove natives from power and increase Viking influence
politically as well as by dominating land. By the year 1013, the Danish King, Sweyn Forkbeard, was
also King of England and of parts of Norway, it was not until 1035 that the Viking rule of England
ceased to exist.
Overall, throughout the course of this essay it has been shown that the Vikings impacted the history
and identity of Northern England. Mainly, the positive impact of the Vikings led to development of
industry, language, culture and a more ethnically diverse society. Whilst the negative impacts are
predominantly what the Vikings are popularised

Vikings Influence
In Norse society, the word Viking meant a sea–borne raider. It was used similarly to the way we use
the word "Pirate". To go a–viking meant to undertake sea–borne raiding. The word itself was job
description and did not apply to everyone. The word Viking did not apply to women, children,
slaves or others who did not undertake raiding. In the nineteenth century, the word passed into
common English usage, where it has come to be used as a descriptor for the peoples of Scandinavia
in the period from the late eighth to eleventh centuries, not just for those who undertook sea–borne
raiding. In some ways, the Vikings were not that different from their European contemporaries.
Scandinavian social hierarchy involved kings and chieftains who ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One strength is that some of these sources were carved into stone. Runic inscriptions are a reliable
source of information because they were written down at the time of the events they refer to. These
runic inscriptions give a certain insight into the political and social conditions. Another strength is
that some of these sources, like the Anglo–Saxon Chronicle, are well informed and astonishingly
detailed. They illuminate a number of important points relating to Viking activities in England in the
second half of the ninth century. Despite these strengths, there are many weaknesses in the various
sources for Viking history. One weakness is that runes were never used for long narrative. Most of
the early runic inscriptions are brief and hard to interpret. Another weakness in the various sources
for Viking history is that few written documents survive from Scandinavia before the eleventh
century. This is because the Scandinavians did not adopt the Roman alphabet until their conversion
to Christianity. It is really only from the eleventh century that native Scandinavian written sources
began to multiply, and they did not become abundant until the thirteenth century, after the Viking
Age had ended. The Vikings have left a substantial and remarkable literature in both prose and
poetry. The problem is that none of this material comes to us from the Viking Age, surviving instead
in later texts.

Vikings
Vikings Close your eyes for a moment. Now imagine that you're an English monk going about your
eclectic duties, when a noise suddenly grabs your attention. You look towards the beach and you see
a boat, massive in size and awe–inspiring in appearance, sitting right there on the beach where there
was only sand a moment before. Then armed warriors pour off the boat, five at first, then ten, then
fifteen, then twenty. To you, they're giants, a good 4 inches in height greater than you; heavily
muscled and of fair hair and complexion, running up the beach towards you, howling, brandishing
large swords and axes and wooden shields more than half the size of your body. It's easy to imagine
how those monks' blood ran cold at the sight ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women enjoyed the right to divorce, not the men. And if marriage ended in a divorce, the dowry
was refundable. Also, women were allowed to own land and were very often left alone to manage it
while their husbands went off to barter at markets or went overseas to trade or raid. Social structure
among the Norse wasn't what one could call equal for all. Though class distinctions were not
absolute and fixed, they did separate the masses from those most likely to succeed. Slaves, or thralls,
occupied the lowest rung of the social ladder, although prisoners of war, bankrupts, and sons and
daughters of slaves also inhabited this class, though they may not have started there. They
performed the most manual tasks on their owners' farms and could be bought and sold like any piece
of property. Depending on the master, a slave's life was not always grim, and it was even possible
for a slave to work his or her way to freedom. Next in line were the Karls, or free peasants, who
hired out their services to landowners. Also in this class were artisans, peddlers, fishermen,
shipwrights, small–time merchants, and mercenary soldiers who sold their services to whichever
leaders seemed the most likely to lead them to fame and fortune. The jarls, or chieftains, made up
the third rung of Norse society. They owned large tracts of land that they usually parceled out to
karls. The more ambitious of propertied jarls

Viking Women Roles
An ancient Scandinavian civilisation, known today as The Vikings, explored Europe and
Scandinavia by sea, in order to trade, raid, pillage and conquer. During a period referred to as The
Viking Age, the Vikings settled and colonised in Greenland, Newfoundland, The Faroe Islands,
Iceland, Normandy, Scotland, Ukraine, Ireland, England, Russia and Anatolia. There is evidence that
Viking women reached the majority of the Viking World, from Russia in the east to Newfoundland
in the west. Although, it is difficult to separate the voices of Viking women from the predominantly
male chorus, women played various fundamental roles in Scandinavia during the Viking Age.
Despite the Viking's partial endorsement of female rights and gender equality, there ... Show more
The duty of a Viking woman was to successfully equip her family with sufficient nourishment
throughout the irksome winter months. Viking women would create food products, construct
garments of clothing, brew ale, care for her children and collect milk from livestock. If the family
was of a high ranking position, the Viking women would have slaves to assist her in the completion
of the household duties. The Viking women were responsible for caring for the wounded, ill and
elderly due to their extensive knowledge of herbs and their medicinal properties. In addition, within
her family unit, a Viking woman also controlled the religious rituals, sacrifices and offerings that
were made to the gods. Moreover, when the Viking men were marauding through uncharted terrain,
participating in raids or hunting, the women were trusted with the responsibility of tending to the
farm land. Thus, the Viking men controlled the elements of the Viking life that occurred outside the
home, and the Viking women organised the matters that took place inside the home. However, some
Viking women chose weapons over cooking utensils and became warrior women or shield

The Vikings Age : The Viking Age
The Viking Age started in the 9th century and lasted until the 11th century. During this time, Viking
ships sailed from Scandinavia, at the center of the Viking World, out across the Northern
Hemisphere. They went out on voyages of piracy and invasion, and journeys of exploration,
commerce, and settlement. The Vikings expanded their empire over a great distance. To the east,
they traveled as far as the Black Sea and to the west they sailed at least as far as the coast of North
America. No one knows exactly why the Vikings decided to expand. Some believe their quest for
expansion was due to the overpopulation of their homeland, while others believe that climatic
conditions and crop failure forced their migration. Before the year A.D. 1100 the Vikings were
polytheistic. They believed that the leader of the gods was Odin, who was the god of battle, poetry,
and death. He was also the father of all the other gods. He presided over Valhalla, the Viking
heaven. It was believed that when a Viking died in battle, a warrior maiden called a Valkyrie
escorted him to Valhalla. Once the warrior arrived at Valhalla, he began a new life where he fought
all–day and feasted all night. This belief in the conditions of the Viking afterlife shows us that the
Vikings held fighting and feasting in very high regard. The Vikings had several other very important
gods as well. The most popular god was Thor. He was the ruler of thunder and the sky. Thor was so
popular that many Vikings

The Origins Of The Viking Age
One of the most interesting times in medieval history is the era known as the Viking Age. When
these fierce sea–borne raiders rummaged and plundered European sea ports of their valuables and
treasures. These Scandinavian inhabitants were known to most of the world as a barbaric group,
when in reality, there style of attacking had more skill than the world had seen. They struck fear and
intimidation into their victims and made the whole European seaboard quake in angst for their
arrival. Not only did they want to inflict fear into Europe as well as raid them from their treasures,
the Scandinavians were also looking to expand their kind to other parts of Europe due to the lack of
land in Scandinavia. One of the first things most citizens of the world think of when you say
Scandinavian is Vikings. However, this is not 100% accurate. The term "Viking" was not a ethnicity
or group of people, it was a job description. It did not apply to women, children or slaves of the
time, only the Scandinavian men. The Vikings were not illiterate, however, they were also not able
to write letters and letters of things they partook in. They did something similar to other Germanic
cultures and used a style of runic inscriptions. In the Viking society, their law was fairly straight
forward. They took into account the crime committed, but also the worth of the victim before
dealing out the punishment. Interestingly enough, however, individual rank also played a factor in
this decision. For

Viking History and Culture
Viking Culture Viking history and culture have been depicted in many movies, television series, and
stories. Vikings are commonly known as barbarians that raid villages and intimidate others with
huge ships with dragon heads, and horned helmets. This information is based on facts, but has been
distorted and exaggerated over many years and tales. Viking history spans from the years 780 until
1100, which is the time span of the Viking raids. Not every Scandinavian was a Viking; Vikings
were known as the men that conducted raids and bloody battles. The old definition of Viking was
synonymous with the term pirate. The modern definition is relevant to the Scandinavian medieval
culture, to include farming, crafting and trading. The people from the north, Norsemen, lived in
villages and on dispersed farms in various regions. The Norwegian Vikings were from Iceland and
Ireland. The Danish Vikings were from France and Britain. The Swedish Vikings were from Russia.
Regardless of region, Vikings are addressed as one group of people. Written documentation from
this era, sagas specify the region of Vikings being recorded. The Vikings' government was unlike
any other at that time. In fact, there was no emperor, king, or lord. The only sagas found about
Viking law were written late in the 10th century in Iceland. The people were governed by consensus,
and legal issues were resolved by compromise and negotiation. This doesn't mean that feuds didn't

Scandinavian Vikings
``After the Norman Conquest, the British Isles were, with the exception of the Norman kingdom in
Sicily, the most significantly multilingual and multicultural territory in western Europe`` (Crane
1999:35). Explain the background to this situation, and relate the changing uses of the different
languages to the social and historical context.
The invading of Europe by the Scandinavian Vikings took place between ca750 and 1050, denoting
the last phase of the raids of the Germanic people. In the late 8th century Charlemagne, or Charles
the Great, king of Franks, destroyed the power of the Frisians, Germanic tribe from the Netherlands
who had been the greatest maritime power of the North – West Europe, and enabled the south rout
on the sea

Vikings Impact On Snowland
The Vikings were a Germanic people who were known for how they executed their raids and the
discovery of new territories. They raided, colonized, and traded in the conquered areas and had a
thirst for new waters and a hunger for land. Because of this hunger, the most impact they had on
western civilization was as discoverers and settlers of the New World. They discovered and settled
in Iceland, Greenland, and North America. Each of these was impacted in some way or another by
the Vikings. In the 860s, a Norwegian Viking named Naddod is said to have discovered the land
now known as Iceland along with two others, Gardar Svavarsson the Swede and Floki Vilgerdason
(Jones 273). Naddod named this land Snowland because of the heavy snowstorm he and his crew
sailed through (Jones 273). Floki Vilgerdason had an awful experience with Iceland's harsh winter
and that is where Iceland earned its name. This was an influential discovery because it not only fed
the hunger of those Vikings, but it lit a fire in others to explore the land. A Viking named Ingolf was
the man who, after building a home and took a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He and a man named Gunnbjorn Ulfsson, who originally discovered Greenland in 982. After
exploring Herjolfsnes and Eiriksjford and discovering that the "land was rich in animals [such as]
bears, foxes, caribou", they established colonies mainly Cape Farewell and Nuuk which lasted 500
years (Brown lecture) (Jones 293). The settlements had a "constitution..., a national assembly, and a
code of law" which shows that they knew of advanced governments (Jones 293). This has had the
most impact on western civilization probably because this affected the way other settlements created
their government. Many other settlements or even provinces probably took some of the Vikings
governmental ideas such as a constitution and a code of law and put their own twist on

Vikings Impact On Society
The past is like a foreign country, they do things differently there. The Vikings had quite a large
impact to today's society, as mentioned further on, but their past is where the Viking legacy began.
Today we will take you back to a dark but thriving era. To them the terror that they caused was just a
part of life but today we would consider their ways – 1 step – too far. Around 400 years of Viking
life is about to be exposed. We are going to look past the movies and books and find out who were
the Vikings and how they were connected to the past?
Contrary to some popular rumors of the Vikings, they were not a "race" linked by ties of common
ancestry, and could not be defined by how the outsiders referred to them. Most of the Vikings come
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The east Midlands dialect, in particular, was later to emerge as a major contributor in the growth of
modern English. While the common discussion is that the impact of the Vikings during the Viking
Age, was not as enduring based on the Vikings skilled approach to assimilating into the local
population. The Viking culture has had a lasting impact on the art, technology, society, and trade of
every population they encountered. Not only does the concept of the Vikings have a firm hold in the
Danish society to this day, but Scandinavian traces are still apparent in the dialects of Scotland and
Northern England today. However, their beliefs and rituals were so strong that they would not be
eclipsed by the later clutch of Christianity, which started when Harold II Bluetooth, the ruler of
Denmark, converted to Christianity in

Viking Longship Essay
and more resistant to decomposition replaced previous species. (Hansen 2016) The accumulating
peat thus increased the deposition of bog iron and available supplies for Vikings to then transform
into the spears, axes, swords, helmets, and armor that they needed to conduct extensive raiding of
settlements and battle effectively against larger European forces. More importantly, Scandinavia's
iron resources enabled the creation and widespread adoption of shipbuilding technologies that
facilitated territorial expansion overseas, in particular the infamous Viking longship. (Sharpe 1991)
The longship represented the pinnacle of Norse shipbuilding techniques in the Viking Age and
contributed immeasurably to the success of raiding and Viking expansion ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
No other ruling power could match in number or tactical effectiveness the unstoppable tide of
Viking ships that flooded Europe after the attack on Lindisfarne. (Jones 1984) Saint Alcuin himself
expressed his surprise that "such an inroad from the sea could be made" and no one at the time could
fully comprehend just how devastating Viking attacks would prove to be. Early warbands consisting
of one to five ships limited their expeditions to swift hit–and–run strikes on coastal settlements and
religious centers of Britain, Ireland, and France that came with little to no warning. (Carroll 2014)
The longship's contoured hull and shallow draught made it the perfect landing craft since Vikings
could sail straight into low–lying harbors and onto beaches for immediate disembarking, taking
inhabitants by surprise and minimizing the chance of armed resistance. (Marsden 1995) Inland areas
were not safe either; Viking ships traveled extensively up the navigable rivers and estuaries of
Europe to attack unguarded towns and villages and make off with captured plunder before any force
could be raised to stop them. The success of these small Viking parties lay in their speed of
movement and the surprise of their onslaught against larger numbers, advantages they owed to the
superior versatility of the longship. (Anderson

The Origins Of The Viking
The term Viking commonly relinquishes thoughts of ship–born warriors and pillagers known as the
Norsemen, or men from the north, who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of Britain,
Ireland and mainland Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late 8th to 11th
century. The terminology of the Viking has also been denoted by historians as entire populations of
Viking Age Scandinavia and their settlements. Although the Norsemen are infamous for their
pillaging and plundering they were also intensely focused on establishing sufficient trade routes
throughout Europe and implementing economically sustainable villages with functional currency.
Although the barbarian invasions undoubtedly deepened the initial economic crisis and the
emergence of the barbarian kingdoms made traveling less safe which accelerated the collapse of
long distance trade. At the same time also declining the importance of the cities as cultural and trade
centers. The claim that the barbarian invasions resulted in a long tenured period of general economic
and cultural decline can be argued against with sufficient evidence. Considering the economic crisis
started much earlier and could not be reversed neither by the reforms of Diocletian nor of
Constantine. It was not until after this initial depression that the extensive trade routes of the
Norsemen were able to redefine Europe economically and culturally.
The established Norse trade network included trading relationships

Vikings Identity
What impact have the Vikings had on the history and identity of northern England?
The Impact the Vikings had on the history and identity of northern England is of a complex nature.
Ethnic identities consist of many different factors from an individual's language, religion, culture, it
could also be defined by history, geographical or ancestry origin. It is possible national identities
could also be undermined by regional identity. This could be from social roles, like a father, farmer
or a vicar which assume other identities. For these reasons, it is clearly extremely difficult to define
the identity of a society. The historical impact the Vikings left behind in northern England can be
seen in place names, the use of language and accents, as well as some cultural aspects.
To understand what identity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It refers to the act of travelling to raid, steal and plunder. A generalist term used for people of
Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Vikings have several 'labels' in medieval texts which suggest
several assigned identities; – scholar Alcuin wrote from the court of Charlemagne to Bishop
Higebald, following the first recorded Viking raid in 793 on the monastery at Lindisfarne. Outraged,
he describes the Vikings as 'heathens [who] desecrated god's sanctuaries'. They were repeatedly
referred to as 'Gaill' or foreigners in The Annals of Ulster. Historical sources show that England was
subject to regular attacks from Scandinavians so it was no surprise that they were given these names
like Heathens, Pagans, Northmen and Danes. The English referred to them primarily as Vikings.
These multiple identities are linked to the Viking invasions and raids of England and aids in
developing and understanding how the lasting history and identities where formed in the north of
England. It could be said much of the history and identity was shaped from the identities
orchestrated politically by the kings of Wessex to achieve unity

Vikings Traders
The people that lived in northern Europe between A.D. 800 and 1100 were known as Danes,
Northmen, or Norsemen. In later years they became known as Vikings, a name derived from a Norse
word for pirate. They were famous and feared pirates and raider. The Vikings were known to be
remarkable traders, explorers and warriors. The Vikings were most known for their fighting ability
but they were also excellent at trading goods such as slaves and exploring many parts of the world.
They were also well known for their weapon choice but also people knew to be scared of them
because they are such fierce warriors and if you are not expecting it can be extremely bad for you
Vikings were great traders and were most popular for trading honey, tin, wheat, wool, various types
of fur and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most important stuff to trade was slaves and furs. "They could either sell their slaves in
Scandinavia or sail 1500 miles downriver to the markets of Byzantium" (Clare 44). A Rus parked his
boat near the marketplace in a town. He kept all of his goods in a large warehouse he built. He also
kept his slaves inside this warehouse. The richest merchants in the Viking age were the slave traders
as the slaves had a high trade value. If the trader was wealthy enough he could offer customers up to
twelve slaves. a Viking named Hoskuld once paid three marks for a 15–year–old girl because she
had a beautiful face. After the trade she informed him she was an Irish princess. Vikings were also
known to be excellent explorers. They would explore and take over much of Britain and the
European continent, and parts of modern–day Russia, Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland.
"Nearly 500 years before the birth of Christopher Columbus" (trade in the Viking period,
Natmus.dk) Viking sailors left

Vikings And Blacksmithing Essay
Have a minute? Good. Because that may be all it takes to learn about Vikings and blacksmithing.
Vikings killed numerous bishops, monks, and priest no matter what age they were. And for every
fatality, they each had a weapon to strike fear in the christians. Yet such weapons were crafted by a
hand of a Viking, however, blacksmiths not only made weapons they also crafted jewelry, tools,
decorations, andnails. Vikings attacked and looted monasteries and the town, where they looted vast
amounts of gold and other valuable objects. While the Vikings were often portrayed as violent cruel
creatures for messing with those who weren't able to defend themselves or protect their most
valuable items within the chapel. The Vikings thought process on raiding ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The first metals used from the vikings blacksmiths were bronze, from copper and tin ore, and iron,
however, iron was a stronger metal and was simple enough to get (Morette, Procter, Ryder, and
Wight, P.g 34). As for a blacksmith the most common choice for fuel for smelting the ore or other
metals was coal; mostly, blacksmiths used various kinds of tools such as; hammers were used for
bending or shaping of other metals, tongs were used for lifting hot metals, shears were used for
cutting, moulds an outline for weapons or other tools, wedges were used for splitting or holding, and
an anvil that is used for a flat surface for metals (Jones, P.g 48), and the vikings also made
horseshoes. In the article, The Evolution of Materials in Arms and Armors: The Viking Seax Knife,
one of the major beginnings of blacksmithing was the founding of the bellow which was used for
the coals to burn even at a higher temperature by using air flow through the flame having enough
oxygen for fuel.(Morette, Procter, Ryder, and Wight, P.g

Vikings Research Paper
The "Vikings" were an ancient people that inhabited Northern Europe and Scandinavia known as the
Norse (also known as Northmen or Norsemen). The Norse people were spread across Northern
Europe, particularly in the regions known today as: Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland),
Germany, Denmark, Poland, Netherlands, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, and the
surrounding islands), Iceland, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.
These northern people as a whole spoke as their native language, one the various dialects of Norse.
The Norse language was a Northern Germanic / Scandinavian language that was in wide use before
the Christianization of Northern Europe, Russia, and Scandinavia.
The Norse are today most commonly known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We'll clear up these misconceptions as we go along further in the book and look closely at what the
Norse really did and what they were really like. We'll look at the facts of what was real about the
Norse people and their culture. We'll also look specifically at the Norse that infamously raided
during the Viking Era, giving them the label as Vikings.
The history of the Norse people goes all the way back to the Stone Age, but they are best known for
a period of time when they raided several parts of Europe known as the Viking Age.
The Viking Age is typically recorded in history as occurring approximately around 793 AD to 1066
AD. This period of time is not the time span of the Norse people themselves, nor was it the peak of
their civilization. This is merely the height of the time when the Norse people were mostly written
about. The time when they reached out and went out on viking adventures. A time when the World
noticed them and were

Vikings Impact On Society
The Impact of the Vikings
Ike Sarac
While the Vikings may have existed over a thousand years ago, they have not gone forgotten. Not
just a football team has remained and effected modern culture. The Viking age has left a large
impression of the world most through their powerful military, prominent geography, historical
figures, and their complex accomplishments. Why do 21st century people feel the need to study the
Vikings today? Would the world we know today be different without the presence of these people
centuries ago? Why do Minnesotans seem to identify with these ancient people so much? The
Vikings lived and explored parts of the world that are prominent and remain to have a large impact
in modern times. Norway, Scandinavia, Sweden, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similar to Minnesotans, the weather conditions strengthened this group of people. Many farmers ha
to make sure they had enough food stored away to last them through to the spring. If these crops
were to fail, the threat of starvation would soon loom over them. Adding to that, these regions of the
planet helped the Vikings in their powers and successes in raiding. Most Viking movements resulted
in trade and a more prosperous economy. All in all, much like Minnesota, the geography were the
Vikings resided shaped their vivid culture. Scandinavian civilization is home to very well renowned
art and accomplishments. For example, Iceland according to The Penguin Atlas is home to some of
the richest medieval literature. Stories, legends, and myths have endured the test of time. Poetry in
Skaldic and Eddic verse are still preserved and feature a copious amount of pagan gods and valued
Scandinavian characters. The Vikings were considered to be highly skilled artists and craftworkers.
Just about everything they used was made by hand. Materials like wood, iron, clay, and iron were
used to make the majority of their everyday items. Even bone was used to make needles, and

Viking Stereotypes
Viking Paragraphs
Raider (violent): Since the Vikings weren't historically proven to wear the armour we portray in pop
culture, what did the common Viking battle armour consist of or look like?
In today's pop culture, we represent Vikings as bloodthirsty warriors of great savagery, bearing
horned helmets with layers of animal hides draped over their colossal bodies. Of course, they were
commendable warriors but not all of these fan favorite TV shows and movies were necessarily
factual in all aspects. During Viking times, hand to hand combat was the only way to achieve victory
and gunpowder was just pure fiction. The weaponry used was primarily axes, bows and arrows,
spears, and swords. This made substantial armour absolutely fundamental for battle successions.
Their authentic armour was quite contrary to our modern beliefs. Unlike the common artistic
portrayal, Vikings never wore horned helmets and instead bore coned shaped helmets made from
leather. Raiders wore armour made from thick layers of animal hide which sometimes had bones
sewn in for added stability. It was also believed that weapon inventory was used to base Vikings
social standing.
During their time, weapons cost an arm and a leg to produce so only the wealthiest of kings had a
fully stocked armoury while the poor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the common imagery associated with Viking dining is a rowdy clan huddled around a
roasting pit with a hog carcass dripping with fats, the Vikings actually steered quite far from roasting
their food and it actually was very rare. They preferred to boil their meats, extracting all the flavors
and then using the used boiling water repeatedly to create broths. The Vikings weren't cooks who
created waste and tended to use every scrap into future meals. They used old bread doughs to make
sourdough loaves and used even old soured milk to enrich the flavors of their

The Influence Of The Vikings
After the Romans left Britain in AD 410 Anglo–Saxons started to occupy the land, and the Angles
settled down in East Anglia, the Midlands, and the North. (Wales, 2006, p. 34) In the seventh and
eight centuries, Britain was divided into seven kingdoms from which Northumbria was the most
powerful. Later this kingdom lost its authority and status as the power started to concentrate around
southern kingdoms. (Barber, Beal & Shaw, 2009, p. 108)
Scandinavian influence
The first Viking attacks took place around 800. At the beginning, the attacks were mostly plundering
raids, but then they started to spend longer periods of time on the island and finally they conquered
the land and established settlements. (Barber, Beal & Shaw, 2009, p. 138) If it had not been for King
Alfred the Vikings would have conquered the whole of England. In 878, he made an agreement with
the Danes – as they were called by the Anglo–Saxons that they would settle north and east from
the Thames. The Vikings established the Danelaw, which was an area "under Danish law" and where
"Danish customs were observed". (Wales, 2006, p. 55) The area of the Danelaw stretched from the
West Midlands, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As borrowing words are inevitable if speakers of two different languages are in connection even for
a shorter period of time, but a powerful and dominant impact is needed to induce grammatical
changes. Old English pronouns hie, him and hiera were changed to they, them and their which are
used nowadays. At first these were used only in the North but later in the Middle English period, it
spread towards the South. Also, some conjunctions like until and though were taken from the
Vikings. (Barber, Beal & Shaw, 2009, p. 143) However, these changes that took place in the Old
English period were documented only in the Middle English period as the literary tradition was not
conventional. (ibid, p.

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