Challenges of Risk Management for Congress and Agencies

Clobazam Shortage Research Paper
Important NEW developments regarding the clobazam (Frisium) shortage: Suzanne Nurse, Chair,
Canadian Epilepsy Alliance Drug Shortages Committee Clobazam is in short supply, but is still
available at some pharmacies. If inventories have become low or depleted at your pharmacy, ask
your pharmacist to recheck the status of clobazam and Frisium with their suppliers. The next few
days will continue to be challenging for people, due to the depletion of the clobazam inventory at
many pharmacies. However, some replenishment of generic clobazam (Apo–clobazam, Apotex Inc.)
is expected at the end of this week or early next week. The new stock will be spread across the
country with limited amounts to individual pharmacies. A second replenishment of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Health Canada will be working with pharmaceutical manufacturers and other stakeholders to
monitor status over the summer. I take clobazam, what should I do? · Continue to take clobazam as
indicated by your healthcare provider o do not skip doses o do not take less than the prescribed
amount o do not make any changes in your treatment without medical advice · Develop a
management plan with your pharmacist and your healthcare provider in case clobazam is not
available. You can share the following clinical management suggestions with your healthcare team: ·
If your pharmacy is unable to refill your prescription – ask your pharmacist o have they exhausted
all avenues to try and find clobazam for you? o have they searched for generic clobazam and brand
name clobazam (Frisium)? · If it is necessary to make changes to your treatment plan due to the
shortage o ask for a copy of the new treatment instructions in writing o go over the information with
your pharmacist o ask your pharmacist to explain the information again if the instructions are not
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Defense Of Homeland Security
An incredibly long 13 years has passes since the Department of Homeland Security has stood up and
began the ultra important job of protecting the United States from both state and non–state
sponsored threats. There have also been great strides made to protect the U.S. from insider threats as
well. The monumental effort it took to synergize all 22 agencies with inherently different jobs into
one living breathing unit took significant patience and forethought. There has been and will continue
to be heated debates on protecting civil liberties while guarding citizens from both terrorists and
natural disasters. Can there be a balance of maintaining civil liberties and securing the airports,
borders, and cities from another 9/11? Has there been a significant improvement in how different
agencies break through the bureaucracy and come together to share information? There has indeed
been a substantial improvement to how 22 agencies across the government provide security for all
Americans. In response to the attacks on 9/11 the PATRIOT act was passed. (Congressional Digest
2004, 258) The PATRIOT act provided, in many ways like the creation of Department of Homeland
Security (DHS), sweeping changes across the government. The PATRIOT act allowed law
enforcement unprecedented latitude to identify, prosecute, and ultimately stop terrorists from
harming Americans. There were three broad areas where the act gave the agencies tracking terrorists
more help. (Congressional Digest 2004,

Essay on Socioeconomics of Government Contracting
Assignment 2: Socioeconomics of Government Contracting
Tyasheen Anderson
Dr. Bonita Campbell
LEG440
February 3, 2013
After reading the sample request for proposal, it has been determined that the proposal does not
meet the government's standard form for solicitation. A typical form is much lengthier than the
provided sample; however the information provided is very straight to the point. It does specify the
services they would like to have performed and does ask the bidder to provide further information in
their response. The official form would list other information like the deadline for final submission
and would specify if there will be a bidders meeting. A typical RFP is about 12 pages long and
would elaborate on the work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The person conducting the review or decision should not be related in any way to the procurement
in question, they should be a neutral party. When a contractor files a protest it needs to be logical
and to the point, it should also contain the protestor's name, address and contact information and
needs to specify that this is a protest. When filing a protest at the agency level there are two different
deadlines. You can either file before the closing of the bid or after. In this case if the larger company
file after the bid is closed they have 10 days to do so after the basis for the protest is known. If the
protest is received before the award, no award with be issued until the protest is resolved. If the
larger company decides to file their protest at the GAO level, the same rules apply. They need to
have a clear and concise format and it must be in writing. When filing at the GAO level the protest
needs to be detailed, factual and legal grounds for the complaint. There needs to be proof of
prejudice as the basis. The contractor will also need to provide the agency with a full copy of their
protest or complaint. At the GAO level there are three different deadlines, but they all need to be
filed no later than 10 days after the protestor learns of the offensive action. The last way to file a
protest is through the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. In this scenario there is a judge that will preside
over the matter and act as

Essay On Data Breach
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Federal Information Security
Management Act of 2002 (FISMA) were established to provide a set of standards, guidelines to
assist all federal agencies in executing the FISMA and to assist in managing cost–effective programs
to protect organization's information and information systems. NIST founded on March 03, 1901
and now headquartered Gaithersburg, Maryland. Founded by U.S. Congress, NIST was established
to impose general measurement standards laboratory; it is a non–regulatory agency of the United
States Department of Commerce. The fledgling agency quickly assembled standards for electricity,
length and mass, temperature, light, and time, and created a system to transfer those ... Show more
It was noted that the OPM has all but ignored warnings from government auditors from the
Government Accountability Office (GAO) and other internal auditors regarding vulnerabilities
(Hirschfeld–Davis, 2015).
Compliance The inspector general's office submitted a report on OPM in November 2014, in the
report it states that OPM was not in compliance with Federal Information Security Management Act
(FISMA) 2002. This report suggests that OPM only met 75% of FISMA 2002 regulations. It was
also noted that "several information security agreements between OPM and contractor–operated
information systems have expired" (Gallagher, 2015). The federal government is required to comply
with the E–Government Act of 2002 which state that government agencies must protect privacy, and
administer Privacy Impact Assessments (PIA's). E–Government Act of 2002 is an act to enhance the
management and promotion of electronic Government services and processes by establishing a
Federal Chief Information Officer within the Office of Management and Budget, and by establishing
a broad framework of measures that require using Internet–based information technology to enhance
citizen access to Government information and services, and for other purposes (Public Law 107–
347– E–Government Act of 2002, 2016). The Clinger–Cohen Act of 1996 also known as The
Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996, is designed to

The Government Accountability Office : A Challenge For The...
The Government Accountability Office has pointed out that the important practice of effective risk
management is a challenge for the Congress and the administration. Risk management is a strategic
process of helping policymakers to make decisions about assessing risk, and having limited
allocating resources in taking actions under conditions of uncertainty (GAO, 2008). However, with
the policymakers recognizing the risk management, it helps them to make informed decisions, while
Congress and the administration have charged federal agencies to use a risk–based move to
prioritize resource investments. In addition, the federal agencies often do not have enough
comprehensive risk management strategies that merge well with the program, budget, and
investment decisions (GAO, 2008). Between combing the approach of risk management, the process
of decision–making is very difficult for any organization. In addition, it has been reported that the
GAO says it is particularly difficult for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to be given its
diverse set of responsibilities. Homeland Security is responsible though for all hazards in the
homeland security risk from natural disasters, industrial, and terrorist attacks. Experts have provided
the history of natural disasters with the extensive historical data used to assess risks (GAO, 2008).
However, to compare the data about terrorist attacks those are comparatively limited with both sides
and are adaptive nature of our enemies

Performance-Based Budgeting
Performance–Based Budgeting: Lessons learned from implementation Performance–based
budgeting measures, reports, and factors the outcome of an agency or program into future budget
allocations. Moreover, this approach to appropriations creates incentives for an agency or program
to produce measurable results in order to justify spending. This type of budgeting is defined as an
"allocation of funds to achieve programmatic goals and objectives as well as some indication or
measurement of work, efficiency, and/or effectiveness" (Young 12). Performance–based budgeting
originated in the 1940's after World War II when Hoover's administration faced debt that surpassed
the nation's gross domestic product. The Hoover Commission attempted to align spending decisions
with expected performance by recommending a shift from the traditional emphasis of government
inputs to outputs (GAO 1997). Performance–based budgeting was designed to reform budgeting
practices to focus on the measurement and reporting of outcomes. There are several goals associated
with implementation of performance–based budgeting. The ability to inform the decision–making
process is a top priority goal for PBB. Performance–based information ensures that budgeting is
based on empirical data and spending decisions are soundly rationalized. Decision–makers can
focus beyond changes to the baseline and consider the broader context of the budget decision
(Howard 2012). Holding an agency accountable for spending is another

Antitrust Laws
Antitrust laws– laws covered under this regulation are intended to prevent the monopolizing of cer–
tain services that could end up negatively affecting the market by driving up or down the price of a
good or service to such an extent that people cannot afford it. It also has the responsibility to ensure
there is adequate competition and to make prices fair and services accessible to as many people as
possible. (Economics, 2014). Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)– this regulation's
effect on the market is quite significant because if a product is deemed unsafe for the public, it can
have a huge effect on all levels of production. If the company offers any sort of stock, those who
have shared may be greatly impacted as well. It is even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The public probably has a better understanding of how contracts work, as the concept is the same
whether it's be–tween private–private partnerships, or private–public. Whether the principle is the
government or a pri–vate company, their role in the contract must still be clearly defined and is not
easy to change once it's been created. Universities indirect effect on markets makes them more
difficult to monitor in house as the curriculum is not decided by any branch of government and the
budget does not have any re–quirements on it. However, as previously mentioned, they turn out
professionals who may have a bi–ased view on how markets should behave and who should have
influence. Most people are familiar with antitrust laws but not specifically how they work. They are
not easily monitored but can carry sig–nificant weight in getting corporations to agree to correct
behavior that is deemed to be in violation. The three monitoring agencies have different
responsibilities, but the goal of each is the same, to limit the effect of deficits on the economy
(market) to the extent possible. Each report to different levels of government, but are aware of the
responsibilities of the others. They may not work in conjunction with each other well, which can
create gridlock in Congress, limiting funds available for critical programs. Most people are familiar
with the seemingly regular stalemates that

U.s. Government Accountability Office
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that
works for Congress (GAO 2014). The GAO falls under the legislative branch of the federal
government and works extensively with the executive branch, or more specifically, the Department
of the Treasury and the Office of Management and Budget. How & When it Began The GAO was
founded in 1921 when the Budget and Accounting Act transferred accounting, auditing
responsibilities, and claims functions away from the treasury Department to the new agency (GAO
2014). Federal financial management was a disaster after World War I due to wartime spending that
had driven up the national debt. As a result, Congress felt it needed more information and better
control over expenditures. The Budget and Accounting Act made the GAO independent from the
executive branch and gave it the task of investigating how federal dollars are truly spent. Legislation
made after the creation of the GAO added new nuances to its role in the federal government role,
but the Budget and Accounting Act continues to serve as its foundation for all work it partakes in.
Purpose or Mission The GAO researches, investigates, and checks how each division of the federal
government spends taxpayer dollars by conducting audits and other types of investigations (GAO
2014). The purpose of GAO is to advise Congress, along with executive agency heads, about ways
to make government more efficient, effective, ethical, equitable and

The Long Period Of Unemployment Rates Among Older Workers
The title of the report is "Unemployed Older Workers: Many Face Long–Term Joblessness and
Reduced Retirement Security" and was published on May 15, 2012. The main focus of this report is
to address the long period of unemployment rates among older workers. The unemployment rates of
all American workers have dramatically increased during the recent recession between 2007–2009,
especially in older workers. Researchers associated these unemployment rates of older workers to
the longer job tenure that older workers tend to have and the low possibility of younger workers
being laid off. The GAO discovered that both the focus group participants and many experts believe
that employers tend to be reluctant when hiring older worker which proposes ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The GAO helps to improve the performance of the Congress and ensure the accountability of the
federal government establishes benefits for the American people by providing "objective, fact–
based, nonpartisan, nonideological, fair, and balanced" timely information to Congress.
Exercise 2 On the Stateline website, one of the top news reports is "U.S. Supreme Court Sides with
Small Businesses on Credit Card Fees" which was published on March 29, 2017.This article
discusses the small business victory of ordering a lower court to review the start laws that bans
merchants for telling customers that the "credit card surcharge" is the higher price they charge credit
customers. Small businesses claimed that laws like these (regulating credit charge surcharge)
violated their freedom of speech in which the Justices agreed. Therefore, this case was sent back to
the "New York–based 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals" to analysis the issue on the basis of
speech, not price regulation. Currently, retailers need to pay fees to credit card companies when
customers using their credit cards. Chief Justice John Roberts stated that the law "did not regulate
pricing" but focuses on the businesses to post the higher credit card price. Currently, in California,
some agendas items include how the legal concept of

The Truth in Negotiations Act
The Truth in Negotiations Act was passed on December 1, 1962 requiring government contractors to
submit cost or pricing data if the procurement met specific requirements in order to establish that the
offer is fair and reasonable. The history of The Truth in Negotiations Act will set the stage for its
significance in the twenty–first century. Prior to World War II, the United States government
conducted its bidding process for procurement in an open bid environment. What was required for a
bid was a complete description of the requirement, two or more suppliers capable and willing to
complete the requirement, a selection based on price competition and sufficient time to prepare a
complete statement of the government's needs and terms. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It was contended by GAO that the government's negotiator would be in a better position to establish
an equitable price if contractor cost data were made available." (Maddox, 2013)
In 1959, the United States Air Force took the beginning steps of implementing a process that was
based on the Government Accountability Office's recommendation. This process required
certification of contractor cost data, as recommended. The Department of Defense followed the
example set by the Air Force by issuing a revision to the Armed Services Procurement Regulations
to require certification of cost data.
The Truth in Negotiations Act has the purpose of insuring that the government is receiving a fair and
reasonable pricing, essentially helping to prevent defective pricing and allowing the government to
be able to get set retributions for defective pricing. This is something that is solely found in the
world of government contracting, as there is nothing similar to it in a commercial environment. A
potential supplier will have to supply the government with a certificate of current cost or pricing
data.

Understanding New York City's Budget
Public Finance is the role of government in the economy. Transparency and accountability in
government financial management is crucial. The reading, "Understanding New York City's Budget"
references that due to government spending of taxpayer money to operate various services, several
checks and balances such as Audits, City Council Oversight, Mayor's Management Report (MMR),
and Program Evaluation were put in place for accountability. The adherence to policy, procedures,
rules, regulations and laws are important when compliance and integrity is the goal.
For government, the Comptroller's Office is a monitoring component put into place to ensure that
tax payer monies was allocated appropriately. I like to call the Comptroller's Office "Big ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By conducting audits, public interest is protected. Auditing is the cornerstone of accountability. It is
the examination of the financial report of an organization. This form of checks and balances
provides an unbiased examination of agency responsibilities. According to the Comptroller's Office,
they perform different types of audits (financial, programmatic, operational, and compliance) of city
agencies, public entities, and external contractors that have business relationships with the City. The
Office of the New York State Comptroller's Division of Local Government and School
Accountability is tasked with conducting performance audits of local governments and school
districts. According to their website, The New York State Governmental Accountability, Audit and
Internal Control Act of 1987 (Internal Control Act) requires State agencies and other organizations
to promote and practice good internal control and to provide accountability for their activities. This
office is entrusted with promoting accountability, improving performance, and building public trust
in all levels of New York State government. This office doesn't haphazardly conduct audits but do so
in accordance to Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards (GAGAS). This standard
provides a structure or framework for performing professional, quality, unbiased and objective
audits.
Two types of audits are conducted: internal control and performance audits. The internal audit is
done to ensure that an agency is keeping proper records, adhering to policies and procedures. It
evaluates and tests rules and regulations to ensure officials use public resources with integrity. On
the other hand, Performance Audits assess how efficiently and effectively a local government runs
aspects of its

The Government Accountability Office Is A Challenge For...
The Government Accountability Office has pointed out that the important practice of effective risk
management is a challenge for the Congress and the administration. Risk management is a strategic
process in helping policymakers to make decisions about assessing risk, and having limited
allocating resources in taking action under conditions of uncertainty (GAO, 2008). However, with
the policymakers recognizing the risk management, it helps them to make informed decisions, while
Congress and the administration have charged federal agencies to use a risk–based move to
prioritize resource investments. In addition, the federal agencies often do not have enough
comprehensive risk management strategies that merge well with the program, budget, and
investment decisions (GAO, 2008). Between combing the approach of risk management, the process
of decision–making is very difficult for any organization. In addition, it has been reported that the
GAO says it is particularly difficult for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to be given its
diverse set of responsibilities. Homeland Security is responsible though for all hazards in the
homeland security risk from natural disasters, industrial, and terrorist attacks. Experts have provided
the history of natural disasters with the extensive historical data used to assess risks (GAO, 2008).
However, to compare the data about those terrorist attacks are comparatively limited with both sides
and are adaptive nature of our enemies

Transformational Leadership
As the newly appointed interim City Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, the rebuilding of the
department would be a daunting but necessary task, which would entail: reclaiming of employee
morale and the reestablishment of the public's trust. The following outline provides proposals for the
reorganization of the Office of the Treasurer; it also specifies intentions to further develop
leadership, communication, accountability, transparency, and motivation. Altogether the
organizational concepts will additionally demonstrate respect for the department's organizational
culture. Furthermore, as the interim City Treasurer, it would be necessary first to understand the
outlined roles and duties of a City Treasurer. Furthermore, both formal and informal ... Show more
However, one consequence of this organization is that it also incorporates the concept of self–
interests, especially when running for election every four years is a motive of the Treasurer. This
issue of separation between elected politicians and administrators leads to inefficient performance.
Furthermore, this is a result of the inevitable political culture of governmental agencies that dilutes
the ultimate objectives of these agencies. It would be more appropriate to have a removal of political
connections from the Office of the Treasurer and shift the organizational culture and mentality
towards public administration, where there is greater strive for public duty and accountability. The
leader has the potential to help establish organizational culture, and politically–motivated
individuals may not be suitable for the role of

U.s. Federal Acquisition Regulation
A contract has been awarded under competitive negotiated procedures and an unsuccessful offeror
wanted to know why they were not the winner. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) provides
an approach to this issue by offering an organized correspondence with the unsuccessful offeror and
the government. An unsuccessful offeror may submit a request to the contracting officer for
clarification on why they did not win the award. This request is called a debriefing. The debriefing
provides feedback from the government on the unsuccessful offeror's proposal explaining the
process in depth as to why they were not selected. Only certain information is shared and will vary
depending on whether the debriefing is conducted prior to or after ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(FAR 15.505)
Submitting a timely request for a Preaward Debriefing is essential if the offeror wants to make
certain that the debriefing will take place. If an offeror submits a request for a debriefing within the
three day window, the Government should conduct the debriefing within five days after an offeror's
request. When the offeror delivers a timely request for a debriefing, the Government must propose a
scheduled debriefing date in writing and have the offeror acknowledge the requested debriefing date
immediately. If the debriefing date is unavailable for the offeror and they request a later time, the
original debriefing date must be acknowledged by the offeror in writing and the request for a later
date, such as after the award is announced. In the delayed Pre–award Debriefing (after award), it
must include all of the information normally provided in the second type of debriefing, a Postaward
Debriefing. (Marine Corps Specific).
Postaward Debriefings are conducted after notification of award and the offeror's request for the
Postaward Debriefing must be received by the Government within three days after the date on which
the offeror received notification of the contract award. It is ideal for the debriefing to occur within
five days after receipt of the written request, including offerors who requested the delayed Preaward
Debriefing. A Postaward Debriefing may also be conducted orally, in writing,

Human Capital Plan
This research paper focuses on the importance of developing an effective Strategic Human Capital
Plan (SHCP) for government agencies, (Government Accountability Office, 2009). In order for the
agency's to address deficiencies in their workforce, they must incorporate a strategic method of
aligning Human Resource (HR) with organizational goals, (Government Accountability Office,
2009). My research begins with addressing my own agency and identifying key elements in
developing a SHCP that identifies with future organizational goals of the agency. The SHCP will
outline required objectives, align goals and address deficiencies within the workforce for future
sustainability, (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2015, p.2). Human capital planning ... Show
Department of Homeland Security, 2015, p.2). This process is enhanced through a partnership with
the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) to establish an overall security agency
that focuses on law enforcement, cyber security and physical security, (U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, 2015, p.2). This is achieved through strategic initiatives that will enhance the
current workforce by implementing technologically advanced training, and a supportive
environment that instills motivation and employee retention, (U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, 2015, p.2). This requires the development of innovative methods to insure uniformity and
sustainability in joint endeavors. FPS will focus on operational effectiveness through strategic
planning with NPPD by incorporating and merging preexisting assets that are readily available,
(U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2015, p.2). The development of a SHCP will insure FPS
can meet the established criteria for sustainability by providing a solid structure that works as a
guideline for establishing an effective strategic plan, (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2015,
p.2). To insure successes, FPS will need to take into account key facilities that are geographically
spaced over a wide area, (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2015, p.6). This impacts response
times through extensive travel to

Community Benefit Analysis on Federal Tax-Exemption for...
Federal tax–exemption for charitable organizations has been in existence since the beginning of
federal income tax law. This exemption is based on the principle that the federal government's loss
of tax revenue is equivalent to the relief of financial burdens charitable organizations provide that
would otherwise have to be supported by public funds. Nonprofit hospitals are able to qualify for
federal tax–exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code because the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) has recognized the promotion of health for the benefit of the community,
where medical assistance is afforded to the poor or where medical research is promoted, as a
charitable purpose. (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2008) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1969, the IRS established broader standards for nonprofit hospital tax–exemption status based on
the extent to which these hospitals provide community benefit to the communities they serve.
(Somerville, 2012) From 1969 to the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (ACA) in 2010, there were some attempts to change this policy, however these attempts largely
failed. Prior to the implementation of the ACA, community benefit activities included providing free
and discounted care to uninsured and low–income patients, reimbursement shortfalls associated with
participation in Medicaid programs, activities to promote population health improvement, programs
to increase access to care, medical research, training for health professionals, and other contributions
that benefit the hospital's community. Under the ACA, additional requirements were established for
hospitals to be qualified as tax–exempt including conducting a community health needs assessment
at least every 3 years and develop an implementation strategy to address the needs identified by the
assessment, adopting and publicizing a written financial assistance policy, and limiting charges,
billing, and debt collection practices directed to individuals who qualify for financial assistance.
(The Hilltop Institute, 2013b) While the IRS

American Military Veterans
The men and women who serve our country risk their lives every single day to protect their country
and the people in it. Out of all sacrifices one could make, going to war to protect their country is the
largest offering a human will ever be able to make. It is not of monetary value that these sacrifices
are paid, but rather in blood. And if these soldiers are able to come home, treatment is less than
mediocre. A census report shows, "There [is] 21.8 million veterans of the U.S. armed forces as of
2014" (Risen). With that large of a number of people to take care of, it is not always easy to help
everyone. In continuation, only 8.3 million veterans are receiving veterans affairs benefits and care
("By the Numbers: Veterans"). The amount ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As CBS wrote, "The Government Accountability Office reported on evidence of VA wait time
failures as far back as 2000. The Office of the Inspector General at the VA reported the same
problem multiple times over the past decade" (Hagel). Since then, hospitals have received little
funding to help with the treatment of veterans. Hospitals have received funding, but the money has
only gone to employees of VA Hospitals, in an effort to keep them from leaving. USA Today
reported that, "The Department of Veterans Affairs [doles] out more than $142 million in bonuses to
executives and employees for performance...even as scandals over veterans' health care and other
issues [rack] the agency" (Slack and Theobald). These bonuses were designed to prevent employees
from leaving the VA Hospitals, but it also rewarded them for hiding the fact they were backlogged
by the amount of applications. In the, "Monday Morning Workload Report, the backlog of new and
reopened disability claims stands at 711,775" (Reno). These numbers are way too high by any
person's standards for efficient health care. They risk their lives and all they get is mediocre care that
is sometimes

Guarino Interview
To gain more insight on who and what an Alliance Manager (AM) is I was able to get in contact
with Guarino Gentil Junior, a Regional Alliance Management Head in Brazil for Mereck.
Fortunately, I was able to contact him through email for a phone interview. He was very kind and
informative for my interview and allowed me to sharpen my awareness as to what his role is.
Guarino has earned two master degrees in business and is Certification of Achievement–Alliance
Management (CA–AM) certified. Guarino has worked for Merck for nine years, the majority of his
professional career, progressing up to his current role. He started in business intelligence, where he
was evaluating the market and scoping out possible suitors for a partnership. Then he moved over to
business development creating new agreements for growth. After some time he was promoted to be
the Latin America Regional AM and was for the last three months. During my interview I
discovered Guarino was actually going to be relocating to Germany, where Merck KGaA
headquarters is located, to take a more global AM position.
As for the company Guarino works for, Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany, is the world's oldest
pharmaceutical and chemical company. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To develop external relationships, the business development team looks for connections in other
companies for what resources the company desires. Then once a new relationship is established he
must look at all the issues, and negotiate on terms for both parties. The negotiations are made clear
in written terms and agreements. Through a contract satisfaction on both parties, Guarino believes
he is able to achieve significant milestones. His number one strategy used is effective, open, and
abundant communication. Guarino credits communication for his successful

The United States
The Department was organized over two hundred years ago. As one of the largest law firms within
the borders of the United States, the responsibility of the Department extends to both criminal and
civil matters. It carries a mission that is dedicated to delivering justice and is consistently re–
considering ways to measure performances within individual Districts in order to ensure all
respectable aspects of deliverance are utilized. These considerations involve developing more action
plans aimed at delivering higher standards of production while keeping the highest level of integrity
intact. The Firm was created by a Judiciary Act to serve as the nation's primary source of litigated
actions. Organization Open System Description The District is divided into two primary areas and
each area is assigned specific foci to center resources and efforts. Both areas are tasked with
supporting the District by sharing resources, energy, and information. An open system, as Harrison
and Shirom (1999) explained, is a product by which a whole entity operates based on individually
functioning parts simultaneously in order to achieve the system's goals. Therefore, the framework or
outline of the District as well as the organization as a whole can be analyzed from the perspective of
an open system. In as much, the primary and individually working parts of the Department can be
accurately and clearly characterized as open system components based on the function and purpose;
therefore, the

The Pros And Cons Of The Federal Government
The United States' federal government has accelerated substantially for the reason that 1960s,with
spending having accelerated by using a aspect of six in over that time. The variety of federal
personnel, but, has no longer similarly increased, with gift numbers close to those of the Reagan
Administration and fewer than have been gift in the course of Kennedy's term. John J (Brunjes,
2017).
DiIulio Jr writes that the federal authorities has grow to be a Leviathan by way of Proxy, which
offers billions of dollars and heaps of contracts to nation and nearby governments, contractors, and
non–earnings. He argues that current government problems which include the 2005 reaction to
Hurricane Katrina and 2013's Obamacare rollout show that the federal civil provider is overloaded
no longer bloated(Brunjes, 2017).
In order to make authorities smaller and higher, he calls for the hiring of 1,000,000 extra federal
civil servants via 2035 and the introduction of better overall performance management
practices(Ellis & Nelson, 2017).
Proxy government
The federal government has expanded its mission without expanding its workforce – outsourcing the
administration of programs to state and local governments, to for–profit businesses (i.e., the
military–industrial complex) and to large social service nonprofits. It is, says DiIulio, "a uniquely
American, superficially anti–statist form of big government." Not all proxies are bad.
But the weaknesses of this system were on full display in the

Faith-Based Funding
Funding Faith–Based Organizations
A trademark of the United States citizen is the desire to help their fellow man. By the government
funding social programs, taxpayer money is granted regardless of race, faith, or sexual preference. If
a group wants to receive government funding, then complying with all laws, rules and regulations is
perfunctory and their core philosophy may not be used as a basis for discrimination. By extending
special assistance to faith–based organizations (FBO), the federal government is shirking their
constitutional responsibility to not favor a particular religion. Therefore, government funding for
FBO is improper, unnecessary, and ultimately divisive.
Impropriety
In 2001, President George W. Bush signed his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The larger FBO which has a history of successful social programs such as Habitat for Humanity and
various Catholic organizations already have a firm grip on how to receive government grants. It is
the smaller, local religious organizations that stand to benefit from the Faith–Based Community
Initiatives. The $500 million dollars which have been provided for training FBOs are in effect
arming the local churches with the knowledge to receive government grants. The question that was
never significantly addressed was: "Why is this necessary?" The only evidence that supports the
Faith–Based Community Initiative is hotly contested and wholly inconclusive. There is no verifiable
evidence which supports FBOs, other than the large specifically charity based FBOs, as being even
similarly as effective as independent social programs (Joshi & Fischer, 2008). To compare the large,
established FBOs with small community churches is like comparing apples and oranges. The three
studies which Joshi & Fischer (2008) use to show that FBO are more successful rely on one
contingent factor: the participant requires a particular faith (pg.7). There is a significant issue with
the approach these studies take beyond the divisive issue that will be addressed later. The issue at
hand is that the recidivism rate is contingent on the initial and continual acceptance of a particular
faith. The logic in this issue is that it is the

Summary: The Government Accountability Office
The Government Accountability Office has pointed out that the important part of effective risk
management is a challenge for Congress and the administration. Risk management is a strategic
process in helping policy–makers to make decisions about assessing risk, and having limited
allocating resources in taking action under conditions of uncertainty (GAO, 2008). However, with
the policy–makers recognizing risk management, it helps them to make decisions, while Congress
and the administration have charged federal agencies to use a risk–based move to prioritize resource
investments. In addition, the federal agencies often do not have enough comprehensive risk
management strategies that merge well with the program, budget, and investment decisions ... Show
S. Department of Homeland Security Jeh Charles Johnson submitted a strategic plan for the fiscal
years 2014–2018 to fulfill the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010. Moreover, the 2014 Quadrennial
Homeland Security Review, the Strategic Plan FY 14–18 provides a method foundation for the
Department's Unity of Effort Initiative (QHSR, 2014–2018). With Unity of Effort in DHS, it is
related to building important linkages between the department's programming, budgeting, and
execution processes to make sure the department invests and operates in a cohesive manner and
make decisions to drive the strategic guidance to results. In the unity of effort the department has
many strengths that include skills, dedication of its people and professionalism that has a rich
history and leads its tradition of components to many successes over relatively the short life of the
department. (QHSR,

Public Administration: Accountability
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Assignment
SEMESTER 2 2012/2013
PSCI 2523
INSTRUCTOR
"ACCOUNTABILITY" | NAME | MATRIC NO. | SECTION | 1 | | 1 | | | | |
INTRODUCTION. When the word Public Administration come accross one's mind, people would
think of government civil workers and bureaucracy in government office. However, Public
Administration is wider than that. It comprises of many part among them are technical
issues,financal issues and ethical issues.Among many of them is the importance of manegerial
technique, a characteristic where an organization such as government office should have in order to
organize, planned, co–ordinate and budgetting. Government office is a big ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Public Administration exist to provide services to the peoples. Therefore people have rights to know
how their tax money would be spend, what happen to the budgett allocate to Public Administration
by government and who is taking responsibilities over any action or planned carried out by the
public sectors.
Eventhough there might be distortion in achieving government policy, which is sometime is cause
by unavoidable external cause, the citizen are expecting Public Administration would be handle it in
a way that would bring less impact to the society. In order to satisfy citizen's almost idealistic
expectations, Public Administration must have the sense of highest integrity. Government are
entrusted with public funds and resources, and must adhere to the highest ethical standards. Honesty,
integrity, propriety, and objectivity, These goals can only be achieved through a combination of
individual proffesionalism, personal standards and rigorous control framework (Deloitte). These
years, people are began to question government officials integrity and government are trying to
promotes the importance of integrity to their officials as well as to the citizens. For example in
Malaysia, the government had establish Malaysian Integrity Instituition and Enforcement Agency
Integrity Commission, that would receive reports from citizens regarding the misbehaviour of
government officials.
The

Drug Relapse Analysis
In 2005, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) conducted a meta–analysis on 39 adult drug
courts around the country, to assess whether drug courts were effective at reducing recidivism and
substance abuse relapse among drug court participants (Franco, 2011). The study found a
statistically significant recidivism reduction among drug dependent participants than comparison
groups. GAO's study also found that among the drug court participants, program graduates had
lower post–program recidivism than dropouts did. Furthermore, drug court programs using drug–
test results report that the participants had lower drug relapse rates than comparison groups. In spite
of that, the GAO's study noted that self–reported drug use should be considered as ... Show more
Drug treatment courts represent the nation's efforts to design an alternative method of endorsing
treatment and community supervision. Despite the inconsistencies of drug court evaluations, support
for drug treatment courts for drug dependent offenders has been widespread (Stinchcomb, 2010). In
order to assess whether drug courts are effective, drug court evaluations must explore the political
and organizational contexts within drug court treatment (Stinchcomb, 2010). Many drug court
evaluations focus exclusively on outcome measures such as recidivism and fail to account for the
disparities between the courts' organizational rhetoric and practices. Drug court evaluations fail to
account for such issues as planned and delivered treatment, official and operational goals, and
intended and unintended effects of mandated drug treatment. Rather than continuing to conduct
program–specific outcome evaluations with methodological weaknesses, researchers should focus
on developing widespread and consistent systematic standards for improving overall drug court
effectiveness through evidence–based practices (Franco,

Senior Analyst With Process And Program Management
As Senior Analyst with Process and Program Management (PPM–IMF), my primary duties involve
coordination of any Government Accountability Office (GAO) or Treasury Inspector General for
Tax Administration (TIGTA) audits of Accounts Management (AM). I serve as the liaison for any
audits owned by AM, as well as other audits that require AM support. Through mid–year of 2016,
AM has been heavily involved in audits related to the processing of correspondence and the yearly
filing season audits for GAO and TIGTA, in addition to multiple audits related to identity theft.
Program Leadership: I receive weekly inquiries from both GAO and TIGTA connected to the
various audits and am responsible for obtaining the necessary response or data. ... Show more
I maintain detailed history files for all audits and prepare recurring executive briefings documenting
the audit activities.
When issues or delays in fulfilling a request are identified, I communicate with all impacted parties
to identify alternative solutions for a satisfactory response. Recent examples involve the IP PIN
audit and multiple data extract requests which are experiencing delays due to competing priorities in
Information Technology (IT). By maintaining ongoing communication, we were able to identify
what data was available and identify the specific request parameters to supply the information
needed by TIGTA. With some requests, meetings with TIGTA/GAO are warranted to fully explain a
process or specific data. I host regular status meetings between TIGTA/GAO and the functions and
also schedule additional meetings or visits with functions when needed. Recent examples include
multiple meetings between TIGTA and RICS for the IP PIN audit and meetings between TIGTA, IT,
and Identity Protection Strategy and Oversight (IPSO) to discuss technical issues related to the
Request for Copies of Fraudulent Returns audit.
Employee Satisfaction: I participate positively in all workgroup activities and am always
accommodating when facing any issues or problems. Feedback is openly shared in a respectful and
dignified manner. As the liaison for TIGTA/GAO, clear communications with all functions

The Commonwealth Approach For Developing National...
Introduction This paper compares the Commonwealth Approach for Developing National
Cybersecurity Strategies (CTO) with the European Union Agency for Network and Information
Security (ENISA) in order to identify the commonalities and differences between these
cybersecurity strategies. The purpose of having a national cybersecurity strategy is to safeguard the
nation/peoples interests from being compromised or destroyed. For example, every nation's
government stores a great deal of information on its citizens, if there is not a standard set of rules to
govern how this information is protected its likely to be exploited via avoidable risks. If used
correctly it will eliminate many simple ways that has caused information to be exposed in the past.
While some nations are vastly richer than other, the need for a cybersecurity strategy does not
change. The scale of these protections may vary depending on the wealth of the nation, but, if
information is not protected it is very likely to be compromised.
Common Principles The CTO and ENISA share several commonalities that are likely to be found
any most other cybersecurity strategy documents. The main ideal that is these documents share is
the need for partnerships between both the private sector and the public sector. Without these
partnerships it will be extremely difficult to have enough information to prevent future cyber–
attacks. These documents also recognize the need for international partnerships to increases security

Gao Protest vs. Agency-Level Protest
GAO Protest vs. Agency–Level Protest
Introduction
The United States government is the largest single purchaser of goods and services in the world.
Even during times of economic hardship, the US continues to dump billions into the private sector.
The federal procurement spending rate of growth has surpassed the rate of U.S. inflation every year,
since 2000. With annual federal procurement budgets of more than $400 billion, it is no surprise that
the competition for government contracts has increased tremendously. Consequently, more and more
companies are trying to get a piece of the action. When these companies adhere to all of the required
regulations and statutes, they expect their proposals to be evaluated and the contract awarded in ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the exception of those instances outlined in FAR 16.505(b) (4), these kinds of protests should
be delivered to the agency's task and delivery order ombudsman (Nacke & Ralston 2011).
The agency–level protest process is started when the contractor delivers the written protest to the
contracting officer or other delegated representative. The protest should include the name and
contact information of the contractor, the solicitation or contract number, a statement which requests
a ruling and provides a detailed description of the reasons for the protest, back–up documentation,
and the contractor's requested relief. Within the statement, the contractor must also provide
documentation to show that they qualify as an interested person and that the protest was submitted
within the timeframe requested (Nacke & Ralston 2011).
The remaining procedure will vary from one agency to another. These will also determine who is
assigned to review the dispute; the contracting officer, ombudsman or by an independent decision
authority who ranks higher than the contracting officer. If the dispute is reviewed by the contracting
officer, they are required to prepare a report to be reviewed by the agency appellate. The FAR does
not require the agency to draft a report addressing the dispute however, some agencies require this
through their internal protest

Essay on Project Critique
Analysis and Critique
The Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) project, undertaken by Electronic Data Communications
(EDC) is the biggest government undertaking of its kind. It aims to provide a single seamless
network which would provide a centralized communication to the Navy and Marine. It also aims to
integrate the legacy systems with the new secured environment. The NMCI project aimed to connect
about 400,000 desktops into a common network, which would provide a unified communication to
all Navy and Marine bases (Calbreath, 2004).
Due to the magnitude of the project, it has been subject to much speculation. Despite of initial
claims by the EDS, there have been serious issues. EDS aimed to have 160,000 seats by 2002 ...
The Navy also developed a performance plan in order to measure and report the success of the
NMCI project. GAO's analysis further showed that the Navy had met only 15% of the performance
targets. A careful study of these results shows that if the Navy doesn't implement its performance
plan, then effective result and management cannot be achieved. The GAO analysis also reveals that
the service level agreements of the NMCI is of a mixed nature, with some agreements met, others
not consistently met, while still others not met at all.
GAO's analysis also gives suggestions for the Department of Defense, in order to adopt effective
practice. By adhering to the suggestions given by GAO, the Department of Defense is more like to
get a detailed understanding of significant issues, which will prove beneficial while making
outsourcing decisions, along with suggestions to be kept in mind while making such decisions
(Information Technology: DOD Needs to Leverage Lessons Learned from Its Outsourcing Projects,
2003).
In order to achieve

Importance Of Administrative Segregation
The Inconclusiveness of Administrative Segregation
Throughout the United States administrative segregation is a predominate tool that continues to exist
in American Corrections. While, administrative segregation is common in American Corrections,
there is much debate behind its use, the cost, the effects, on both intimates, corrections employees
and, the public, are all involved in these debates. The debates lead to research studies that, in return
contradict one another thus, causing more confusion, debate, and uncertainty, for the future of
administrative segregation in the United States. The following paper deliberates the many findings
and results from the articles of Ahalt et al. and Frost, Natasha A. & Monteiro, Carlos E. in
comparison to the results found in the documentary video Inside Solitary Confinement by the
National Geographic Explorer.
Let Us Agree to Disagree
Upon reading the above–mentioned articles and watching the documentary, it is highly visible that
throughout the United States there are many terms for administrative segregation. The lack of
uniformness in terminology, causes difficulties with concise understanding and in return, the
findings of research efforts often contradict one another. (Riveland, 1999.) Administrative
segregation and solitary confinement remain interchangeable amongst one another. Due to this
interchanging, administrative segregation and solitary confinement and other forms of segregation
like, disciplinary segregation show,

The Convergex Group 2013 Deferred Prosecution Agreement
Case Study of the ConvergEx Group 2013 Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA)
In December 2011, ConvergEx Group publicly disclosed parallel investigations by the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States Department of Justice. Between 2006
and 2011, two former employees of ConvergEx Group had concealed the "routing of certain global
trading and transition management customer orders to the former Bermuda trading desk of
ConvergEx Global Markets ("GCM") where they were net traded" ("ConvergEx Resolves," 2013).
According to the court documents, Acting Assistant Attorney General Mythili Raman stated
"...ConvergEx...along with several of its employees, engaged in a concerted and coordinated effort
to fleece its clients by charging them millions of dollars in unwarranted fees...and then concealing
those charges from its clients through a pattern of deception" ("Convergex Group," 2013). In
layman's terms, ConvergEx employees were moving funds through ConvergEx Global Markets in
Bermuda, while marking up or down the investments in order to keep a sum of the money for
themselves from the clients. The employees also falsified the documents that were sent to the clients
regarding these transactions. The subsidiaries and the individuals involved with this scheme were
charged with wire fraud and conspiracy to commit securities fraud and wire fraud.
On December 12, 2013 ConvergEx Group LLC signed a deferred prosecution agreement or DPA,
which included fines totaling

Chief Audit Executive ( Cae )
Director, Chief Audit Executive (CAE)
Commands the Unit/Section; receives instructions in established policy and procedural matters, but
the details of proper application are left to personal discretion. The work is subject to inspection,
review, and appraisal by higher officers (senior management). Position is responsible for the
performance of the full range of supervisory activities including: application of discipline,
processing and resolution of grievances, evaluation of performance and approval of time off
requests.
The Director provides strategic and visionary leadership who will provide objective assurance and
consulting services designed to add value and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the
Department's operations. The Director has the responsibility for establishing, maintaining and
managing a comprehensive, high performance and customer oriented internal audit program.
Officer–In–Charge, Supervisor
Assigned as the Officer–in–Charge of a Section with responsibility for the oversight of staff and all
aspects of performance audits, including reviewing and approving completed audits; recommending
and ensuring compliance with internal policies, standards, and procedures; assessing, developing
and implementing training needs and programs. May conduct or act as a project manager for the
most highly sensitive audits.
Assistant Officer–In–Charge, Team Leader
Supervising other employees both sworn and civilian of a lower classification. Responsible for

Appointment Strategies And Hiring Freezes Influenced The...
Introduction
Presidential appointments can encourage loyalty to an incoming administration, however actions
that exemplify loyalty can come at the expenses of organizational effectiveness and efficient. O
'Leary showed how appointment strategies and hiring freezes influenced the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Donald Trump and his new appointee "Betsy DeVos" who most politician agree
that she has consistently demonstrate that she was against access to public education. Her beliefs
and goals seem to be completely different from department in which she was appointed, this can
have a negative effect on the effectiveness and efficiency within the education department. This
strategy of appointing public servants or a hiring freeze can have a negative effect, because the
government tends to ignore the organizations ' mission and goals, as well as disrupting the agency
operations and even increasing the expenses to the government. Also, the hiring freeze will soon
decimate recruiting. If an organization reclassifies the action as a "Headcount Freeze" and clearly
articulates the rules around the action, the outcome can be quite different. A headcount freeze means
that the organization must maintain the current number of full time equivalent (FTE) workers
(Hiring Freeze: Two words that can cause irreparable damage, 2016).
Literature Synthesis
Public servants must confront a significant internal conflict at some point in their career. Public
servants question if they should

Government Accountability Office
What does Congress do? The members of Congress are elected by the people to represent the public
in the process of making and passing bills and laws for the government to run properly. It shares
power with the executive and judicial branches. Article one of the Constitution states that congress
has the power to make laws, declare war, raise and provide public money, impeach and try federal
officers, approve presidential appointments, and approve treaties. In this paper, the following will be
discussed. How Congress uses the Government Accountability Office to conduct audits on the
budgets and appropriations. The executive branch of government role in creating foreign and
military policies. And the effectiveness of Congress's role in strategic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is made up of the president, presidential advisors, and foreign policy bureaucracies. The president
is the spokesperson for and to the nation. His responsibilities include being the commander in chief
of the armed forces, negotiating treaties, and appointing ambassadors. The most important of the
presidential advisors in the national security advisor. Led by the national security advisor is that
National Security Council. The National Security Council (NSC) is in place to advise and assist the
president on national security and foreign policies, and they serve as the president's principle arm for
coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The NSC was established under the
National Security Act of 1947. The State Department is a cabinet–level department that manages the
foreign affairs budget and resources. The State Department is required by Congress to certify
countries and meeting targets on human rights, arms control, and reducing drug trafficking in order
to be eligible for foreign aid. The executive branch makes and carries out foreign and military
policies through these

Zooming Into Us Nuclear Weapons Program Case Study
Governance: Case Study Analysis Zooming into US Nuclear Weapons Program: Transparency and
Accountability Poor budgetary planning, misplaced priorities, huge cost overrun, misguided
spending, little or zero accountability, management failure – these are the words we can use for a
sixth grade annual sports day, not with the US nuclear weapons program. According to National
Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA), US Government is going to spend over $1 Trillion for
'modernizing 'the nuclear arsenal. No one in the federal Government has no clear idea where is the
taxpayers' hard earned money are going. Who is to be held accountable for this spending and how.
This situation exists because there is no comprehensive budget that tracks all these programs ...
Firstly, 'Accountability' is the pillar of good governance, but it is absolutely clear that DOD Nuclear
projects are far from being accountable. Then comes 'Transparency'. These projects are run by the
tax payers' dollars, yet no one knows where and how the funds are being allocated. There is no
regulatory body that is asking questions and thus leaving it vague and questionable. When it comes
to 'Responsiveness' we find these programs quasi–responsive. Given the fact the number of funds
are put on here, this is certainly a weak point of these projects. From all the statistics we found out
so far, we can see that these programs need very deep pockets to operate and they are not 'inclusive'
in nature; plus, in order to run these projects with highest level of secrecy DOD and the other
departments has to take drastic measures. Whether these Programs are 'equitable'; very hard to say it
is. There is a BIG question mark of the 'effectiveness' and the 'efficiency' of these programs. Many
people support nuclear weapons because of their effective function as deterrents and their capability
to preserve the balance and order in the world. The main defence for nuclear weapons comes from
the idea that they are acting as deterrents. When we analyse these projects as a portrait of 'good
governance' model, we

Police Accountability vs. Police Independence Essay
Introduction
The debate regarding police independence versus police accountability has been hotly contested
since at least the 1960s.1 At the heart of the debate are questions relating to the degree and manner
of oversight to which police forces should be subjected, while maintaining the independence of
those polices forces to carry out their duties free from undue political (or other) interferences. This
essay examines the principles underlying the "independence of the office of constable", the notion of
responsible government, and how the interaction between these two ideas has been characterised in
the literature. It will be demonstrated that police independence and responsible government (that is,
police accountability) are not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Responsible government
Whereas the principle of the independence of the office of the constable serves to ensure that police
do not become the slave of any state or interest group, the principle of responsible government can
be usefully conceived of as ensuring that police remain the servants of the public at large. Contrary
to the idea that "the police office "is not a servant of anyone, save of the law itself""6, responsible
government and police accountability measures aim to ensure that police forces are answerable to
the very communities which vest in the police force the right and responsibility for upholding the
law.
In practice, police accountability measures are usually tied into extensive governance frameworks,
laws and procedures, including: administrative mechanisms for handling citizen complaints; civil
actions and criminal prosecutions in the courts; the exclusion of improperly obtained evidence in
criminal trials; internal

Does a Higher Accredited Investor Threshold Clip Angels’...
Does a Higher Accredited Investor Threshold Clip Angels' Wings?
Does raising the financial requirements to be an accredited investor reduce start–up financing? The
Angel Capital Association (ACA), a trade association of angel groups, claims that it does. But data
on the angel capital market suggests otherwise.
Who's right on this issue matters. Later this year, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
will decide whether to raise the income and net worth requirements to be an accredited investor,
following the requirement in the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of
2010 to periodically reevaluate the current standard.
The ACA argues that raising the threshold would cause "grave disruption" to "the startup ... Show
To figure that out, I looked at data produced by the Center for Venture Research at the University of
New Hampshire, which provides annual estimates of the number of angel investors, the amount of
money invested by angels, and the number of companies receiving angel financing.
The 2010 increase in the accredited investor threshold did not adversely affect the angel capital
market. Between 2009 (the last year before the new financial threshold) and 2013, the number of
angel investors increased by 15.7 percent and the number of angel–backed companies rose by 23.7
percent.
Because it's not clear exactly when the new net worth standard would have impacted the angel
market – The SEC says the change "was effective upon enactment" of the Dodd–Frank law in 2010,
but the agency adopted "amendments to the accredited investor standards in its rules" in 2011, and
set 2012 as the effective date for the new rules – I also looked at whether the numbers of angel
investors and angel–backed companies declined in 2010, 2011, or 2012. The CVR data show that
both the number of investors and the number of angel–backed companies increased between 2009
and 2010, 2011 and 2012.
Comparing with 2009 might be unfair because that was a bad year for economy. Therefore, I
compared the 2013 figures with the 2007 (the last pre–recession–pre–Dodd–Frank–year) numbers.
In 2013, there were 15.7 percent more angel investors and 23.9 percent more angel–backed
companies than in 2007.
Raising

JJT2 Social Responsibility Task 1 WGU Essay
Social Responsibility and
Sustainable Business Practices
WGU, JJT2
20 June 2014
***PASSED***
Businesses, specifically larger corporations, play a major role in what occurs in society therefore,
they are responsible to their stakeholders not only to pursue economic goals but the greater social
good as well. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that a corporation should act in a way
that enhances society and its inhabitants and be held accountable for any of its actions that affect
people, their communities, and their environment. (Lawrence, 2010). Social responsibility is
becoming the norm so much so that some businesses have incorporated it into their business model.
There are three components of the bottom line of social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since we already discussed electronics recycling, this consideration is for the waste management of
municipal solid waste (MSW) – or everyday items. MSW is the everyday things we use and throw
out in the office. This can include items such as packaging, grass clippings, old furniture, bottles,
food scraps, and batteries. According to the EPAs annual report on MSW, Americans throw away
about 4.3 pounds of waste per person, every day. Preventing waste should be considered as well as
recycling and composting.
Recommendations.
Electronics Recycling. Electronic recycling is one consideration the company can do better with.
Recycling in general lowers greenhouse gas emissions that are caused by manufacturing items for
the first time. Recycling electronics conserves natural resources making cleaner air and water. The
valuable resources computers and electronic components carry are metals, plastics, and glass.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), recycling a million laptops would give
back enough energy for 3500 American homes' electricity. A million cell phones would could yield
35,000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold, and 33 pounds of palladium.
Instead of throwing out the old computers and blackberry's, the company could simply upgrade the
hardware or software and then recycle the parts necessary.
Energy Conservation. To conserve energy, it is my recommendation that the company have
employees shut

A Report On Lockheed Martin Corporation 's Protest Over...
As a result of conflicting requirements from the Services and unforeseen excess of the Average Unit
Manufacturing Cost, the JLTV program was threatened to its termination during its development.
The protection, configurations, payload, weight and reliability requirements were changed during
the process that were considered to be uncommon compared to the other programs. For example,
"DOD had planned to award two contracts for the EMD phase, which was scheduled to last 24
months, but instead opted for a 48–month–long EMD phase before awarding Production and
Deployment contracts in the second quarter of FY2016." It is notable that as a result of Lockheed
Martin Corporation's protest over the TD contract awards, JLTV program was ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Government Accountability Office's (GAO's) March 2016 Assessments of Major
Weapons Programs, "for a JLTV procurement quantity of 54,408 vehicles, GAO estimates that a
total of $23 billion would be required to complete the program, including $210 million for RDT&E
and $22.8 billion for Procurement."
On the other hand, during the early TD phase, the Army estimated that each JLTV would cost
$418,000–almost 70% higher than the target cost of $250,000 per vehicle. By 2011, it was estimated
to JLTV will cost around $320,000 per vehicle. Simply, if additional requirements are added, for
example, number of vehicles are increased or decreased, costs would be obviously changed.
Furthermore, another factor to JLTV affordability would be DoD budget for the unpredictable
future, particularly in VUCA environment. Based on GAO budget estimation in the early phase of
program, and current status of JLTV cost, it can be said that JLTV program affordability appears to
be questionable. Nevertheless, JLTV program's affordability can be evaluated or determined in
diverse contexts depending on the circumstances.
It is noteworthy that, though, there are numerous changes and challenges as previously stated that
considered to be program risks to JLTV program, well timed, the systematic adjustment through
sound decision and mutual understanding eventually enabled mitigation of program risk and drive
down

Challenges of Risk Management for Congress and Agencies

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Jennifer York

More from Jennifer York (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Challenges of Risk Management for Congress and Agencies