Johnson And Johnson Analysis

Johnson and Johnson Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Johnson and Johnson have revolutionized the way people think about health care, and has easily
become the pinnacle of success by doing so. Pioneers of the health care industry and overall human
health and well being, Johnson and Johnson is guided by its "Our Credo" and founding principle
that "doctors and nurses should use sterile sutures, dressings and bandages to treat peoples wounds"
(Johnson and Johnson – Our History).
Most of Johnson and Johnson's success can be attributed to its emphasis on decentralized
management, which allows for greater focus as the company blankets 250 countries across the world
(Johnson and Johnson – Strategic Planning). For the last 120 years, Johnson and Johnson have been
on the forefront of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[pic]
Figure 2. 2006–2009 Revenue, Expenses, And Income Figures For All Business Segments
Ratio Analysis
Financial ratios provide a means to analyze the operations of a company in comparison to its
industry and its historical results.
Liquidity Ratios
Johnson and Johnson has a current ratio of 1.8X which is the same as the current ratio for the
industry. The quick ratio is 1.6X compared to the industry's 1.4X provides further evidence of the
company's liquidity. This will provide needed working capital necessary to develop new products
and finance potential acquisitions. (Ventureline)
Johnson and Johnson's receivables turnover ratio is currently 6.4X and mirrors the current industry
average. It is also higher that it's three major competitors: Merck & Company, Novartis AG, and
Pfizer, Inc. This high ratio indicates an efficient collection of credit sales, which minimizes the wait
before funds are received and available for use.
Inventory turnover is currently at 3.6X and slightly better than the industry average of 3.5X. It is
also nearly twice as high as its three major competitors. This provides a competitive advantage since
there is not a high level of inventory that could be deemed obsolete due to new drug developments
or decreased potency. In addition, capital is not tied up in maintaining inventories that do not

provide any return.
Debt Ratios
The current times interest earned ratio for Johnson and Johnson is 25.1X compared to the
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Case Study : Legal And Ethical Issues
Solyndra: Legal and Ethical Issues Barbara Zimmerman BUSN311–D003 American Military
University Professor Teresa Knox Solyndra: Legal and Ethical Issues Dr. Chris Gronet founded the
Solyndra Solar Company in 2004. Gronet is prominent in the Silicone Valley for being a
technological genius, celebrated for his innovations in alternative energy (Weiner, 2012). Less than a
year later Solyndra was solicited by the United States Department of Energy, who was very
interested in investing in the "clean" alternative energy that Solyndra promised, and the business
soared. Solyndra's practices made headway and even caught the attention of President Obama. But
by 2011 Solyndra had declared bankruptcy and became the core of one of America's largest business
scandals. Throughout this paper I will discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding Solyndra's
business practices and offer examples as to how the philosophy of Milton Friedman may have
influenced the company's executives. Dr. Chris Gronet was the epitome of a Silicon Valley high
achiever. After receiving his decorate in semiconductor processing from Stanford's School of
Engineering, Dr. Gronet founded a startup and jointly filed multiple patents in semiconductor
manufacturing (Hull, 2011). Solyndra began as a thriving solar energy company, earning the
company a $535 million loan guarantee from the Department of Energy within a year of its
conception. It may have been the ferocious competition, the drop of silicon

Close The Border To Immigration
The United States should largely close the borders to immigration!
The "drug war" in northern Mexico is one gigantic bloodbath. The Mexican government says that as
many as 28,000 people have been slaughtered by the drug cartels since 2007. A very significant
percentage of those deaths have happened in areas right along the U.S. border, and yet our federal
government still sees no reason to get serious about border security (The Economic Collapse). Even
though Immigrants can help the economy with jobs that the united states citizens won't do or don't
know how to do, Close the borders in the united states because ISIS members can get in and take
over our government and we should help the people of the united states citizens the before
immigrants, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the National Venture Capital Association, immigrants have started 25 percent of public
U.S. companies that were backed by venture capital investors. This list includes Google, eBay,
Yahoo!, Sun Microsystems, and Intel. According to the Small Business Administration, immigrants
are 30 percent more likely to start a business in the United States than non–immigrants, and 18
percent of all small business owners in the United States are immigrants. Increased immigration to
the United States has increased the earnings of Americans with more than a high school degree.
Between 1990 and 2004, increased immigration was correlated with increasing earnings of
Americans by 0.7 percent and is expected to contribute to an increase of 1.8 percent over the long–
term, according to a study by the University of California at Davis. According to the Census Bureau,
despite making up only 16 percent of the resident population holding a bachelor's degree or higher,
immigrants represent 33 percent of engineers, 27 percent of mathematicians, statisticians, and
computer scientist, and 24 percent of physical scientists. Additionally, according to the Partnership
for a New American Economy, in 2011, foreign–born inventors were credited with contributing to
more than 75 percent of patents issued to the top 10 patent–producing universities. Comprehensive
immigration reform could support and create up

Health Care Case Study
Health care reform continues to be an ongoing topic throughout the Unites States. A continuous
focus remains on the restructuring of the delivery system. According to Si and Singh
(2015) cost, access and delivery of care are three major aspects of a healthcare system and the
United States (US) has a unique system unlike any other in the world. Specifically, the US does not
have a government run health insurance program that entitles all citizens to have health insurance
automatically. Additionally, the system does not function as a well–integrated network of elements
that complement each other, instead a fragmented structure is currently in place.
Without equal access to healthcare through a uniform insurance platform, citizens struggle to ...
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In 2009, the Children's Health Insurance Program
Reauthorization (CHIPRA) was approved by Congress and signed by President Obama. The
reauthorization expanded funding for children's coverage by $33 billion in federal funds over a
4.5–year period through 2013 and the ACA extended federal funding of CHIP through September
2015 (Raphael & Giardino, 2015).
Additionally, in January 2014, the ACA legally requires insurers to cover individuals with
preexisting conditions and required the companies to charge everyone in the same plan the same rate
(Hass, 2013). According to Shi and Singh (2015), prior to 2009 individuals with preexisting health
conditions could not easily obtain health insurance in the individual health insurance market.
Specifically, individuals were either denied coverage or could not afford what was available to them.
The quality of care that is provided to patients is among one of the biggest focal points in regards to
US healthcare systems. Healthcare organizations are being held accountable for the quality of the
care that is provided to their patents. Additionally, due to the fact that there are penalties related to
poor performance as a result of changes set forth through the ACA, organizations are utilizing
different strategies to ensure

The Health Care System in US: Overview and Challenges
The Health Care System U.S. World Complex Name Institutional Affiliation Date: The Health Care
System U.S. World Complex 1. From the video, assess how regulations in the U.S. impact the
claims and facts presented in this video. Hypothesize where you think the biggest opportunity will
be for pharmaceutical companies. After watching the video, I have realized that intellectual rights
protection is based on the foundation of R&D investment, which are also the building blocks of the
pharmaceutical industry. There is adequate evidence to proof that intellectual rights in the form of
trademarks and patents are very significant in the pharmaceutical industry as is compared to any
other industry. This may be caused by the fact that copyrights on prescription drugs are a better
effective measure for increasing the limitation costs than copyrights on other commodities. The
value of copyright protection relies on the duration of exclusivity. Although the lifespan of
copyrights is predetermined by international treaty at 20 years from the filing of the copyright
application, the actual period between gaining market approval and patenting, the significance of the
copyright is much less than 20 years. Evidently, both the EU and the U.S. enacted special provisions
legislative, which extended the pharmaceuticals patents' life. As is the case with America, the
Waxman–Hatch Act increased the copyright protection based on name–brand drugs with up to five
years, but still it also puts

Application Of Formal Ipr Laws
Introduction
Since 1979, China has formally begun acknowledging and protecting Intellectual Property Rights
(IPR). However, despite the implementation of a legal framework consisting of three national laws
passed by the National People's Congress, China is still renowned for its intricate copycat culture, a
mentality in which copying is not necessarily frowned upon and at times is even respected, and the
lines regarding what consitutes intellectual and public property are often hazy. This paper will
therefore aim to explore–– to what degree is IP protected in China? In order to answer this question,
it is necessary to fully examine the legal infastructure that has been created to formally and
judicially protect IPR. This includes first considering the nature of IP protection prior to the
introduction of formal IPR laws, followed by examining the 3–fold legal system that has been
implemented including the Trademark Law, the Copyright Law and the Patent Law. It is finally also
necessary to understand the Chinese copyright culture, what this mentality entails, and to what
degree is it still accepted in China.
Part 1: IP Protection Prior to IPR Laws
Primarily, in order to fully grasp the impact of the implementation of IP laws in China, it is
necessary to first establish to what extent IP was protected prior to their introduction. Despite the
fact that the current official legislation enacted is no older than 29 years, there is evidence of
regulations concerning intellectual

The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform
Final Paper:
The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform
"You don 't put "vote Bartlet" in the ad, you can pay for it with unmarked bills from a bank heist if
you want to." – Bruno Gianelli (Fictional character, The West Wing, S03E06, "Gone Quiet")1
Debates about the just and proper financing of campaigns for public office can be traced as far back
as the Federalist Papers. On one side are those that believe any restriction in the frequency or
amount of individual, corporate or union donations is an unconstitutional assault on the freedom of
(political) expression guaranteed by the First Amendment. On the other side are those that worry
about the fair stewardship of elections. Do those with the means to make more ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to OpenSecrets.org,
"Super PACs may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, associations and
individuals, then spend unlimited sums to overtly advocate for or against political candidates. Super
PACs must, however, report their donors to the Federal Election Commission on a monthly or
quarterly basis –– the Super PAC 's choice –– as a traditional PAC would. Unlike traditional PACs,
Super PACs are prohibited from donating money directly to political candidates."2
While Super PACs do need to make financial disclosures to the FEC on a monthly basis, their ability
to take donations from corporations leaves them amble room to leave the names of their end donors
undisclosed. Many Super PACs report donations as coming from one or multiple 501(c)(4)
(politically active non–profit) organizations that do not have to disclose their donors. This is referred
to as "the Russian nesting doll problem" among campaign finance reform advocates.
It is worth noting that the rise of Super PACs and other forms of unregulated campaign spending is
of concern to politicians too. President Obama, as part of his 2010 State of the Union Address, said,
"With all due deference to separation of powers, last week the Supreme Court reversed a century of
law that I believe will open the floodgates for special interests –– including foreign corporations ––
to spend without limit in our elections. I don 't think American elections should be

Japan 's Legal System : Japan Essay
Japan's legal system, as overlaid by Junko Gono, et al, in their work, "Overview of Legal Systems in
the Asia–Pacific Region: Japan," is based on the civil law tradition, with its biggest historical
influences being the civil codes of France and Germany as well as United States law (7). Though
considered a civil law country, one key aspect of Japan's judiciary goes against the standard template
for a civil law legal system. Unlike other civil law based countries, Japan's highest court, as
explained by Jun–Ichi Satoh in his article, "Judicial Review in Japan: An Overview of the Case Law
and an Examination of Trends in the Japanese Supreme Court's Constitutional Oversight," has the
power of judicial review, meaning that it can "determine the constitutionality of any law, order,
regulation, or official act" (603). It should be noted, however, says Satoh, that the Supreme Court
rarely uses this power of judicial review because of the work of the Cabinet Legislative Bureau,
which provides "legal opinions to the Prime Minister and other legislative officials and to review
drafts of bills, regulations, and orders to determine if they are consistent with the constitution and
legal precedent" (605).
Junko Gono, et al, also provide a structural overview of Japan's court system. There are five levels
of courts in Japan, including: The Supreme Court, the high courts, district courts, family courts, and
summary courts. The Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in Japan and is

Essay about Health Care: A Nation in Crisis
The United States of America is current facing a financial crisis of biblical proportions. The central
to this crisis is the catalyst of health care costs. Most American's spend over half of their yearly
income on their health. Only a tenth of the nation's population has health insurance and a chronic or
prolonged illness can and does bankrupt people. Without a plan for the salvation of the national, as
well as the citizen's economic wellbeing, we all will go bankrupt. It will take the entire leadership of
this nation, along with individual efforts is needed to prevent this catastrophe from coming to true.
President Baraka H. Obama, along with the 111th United States Congress enacted, "The Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act", ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What, when and how to buy or sell things is managed by this principal. In a free market the absolute
power to prices determines the allocation and distribution of goods and services. Therefore a true
Free Market economy has very little to no government regulation. (Schansberg 27–58) "Anyone
who knows history, particularly the history of Europe, will, I think, recognize that the domination of
education or of government by any one particular religious faith is never a happy arrangement for
the people." – Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (born October 11, 1884 –dead November 7, 1962) was Civil
Rights advocate, the First Lady and wife of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the United
States from 1933 to 1945. (Moncur, 2010) The government in the United States of America has been
active in regulating and financing health care ever since the Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal
programs implemented in the thirty's. The New Deal Welfare, Public Works and re–disruption of
wealth programs of this era have shaped today's crisis. The enactment of personal taxation (excise
taxes, personal income taxes, inheritance taxes, corporate income taxes, holding company taxes and
so–called "excess profits" taxes) tripled federal taxes rolls from $1.6 billion in 1933 to $5.3 billion
in 1940, financing the welfare programs of the New Deal. According to the Cato Institute based in
Washington D.C. and partner

Affordable Care Act Research Paper
The Affordable Care Act and the Health Care Industry
"Health is the first freedom, for without health, other freedoms are diminished."
Now here in America, we have failed constantly on giving the American people solid,
affordable healthcare. The Affordable Care Act has affected the health care industry
because of the increasing amount of people being covered for health care, the
affordability of applying for healthcare, and the amount of profit being made by the
pharmaceutical industry.
First off, with the signing of the Affordable Care Act by President Barack Obama,
there has been a large increase of people being covered for healthcare. "By 1995, more
than forty million U.S. citizens had no health care coverage, and another ... Show more content on
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"Despite expiring patents
on blockbuster drugs and a wave of new regulations from the Affordable Care Act that
will cost drug makers, the pharmaceutical industry will reap between $10 billion and $35
billion in additional profits over the next decade" (www.forbes.com). So for example,
when more people have health insurance, there might be likelihood that they will buy
prescription drugs, which will play a big role in the increase of profits for pharmaceutical
companies. A lot of pharmaceutical companies will likely support the ACA because their
profits will likely increase. "In 2009 Big Pharma agreed to contribute $80 billion towards

ObamaCare, largely by expanding the Medicaid discount to 23.1% from 15.1%"
(www.wsj.com). Generic drugs make up roughly 70% of all prescription drugs; the
profits will increase as the law continues to roll out in its form. Now the biggest winners
of the ACA are biosimilars, which is a biologic product that is an original copy of a
product that is manufactured by a different pharmaceutical company. Prior to

Disney Theme Park to India
Disney Theme Park to India Abstract: This report is aim to analyze profitable adventure of The Walt
Disney Company to set up Disneyland theme park in India. As one of main emerging markets in
Asia, India might be the next destination for The Walt Disney Company to target on. Therefore, this
report uses a series of marketing tools to demonstrate the macro–environment and micro–
environment in India, such as PESTEL, SWOT, Porter's Five Forces Model and Self Referencing
Criteria. Based on this analysis, the current situation of India shows an attractive prospect to Disney
in terms of economic and technological development, the diversification of culture, and the
acceptance of Disney products and services. Introduction: India with its ... Show more content on
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However, both the Country Profile (2005) and Business Asia (2010:10) highlight that although the
fundamental political keeps stable, the efficiency of political is low. The cause of this existed
problem is that the national parties weakened gradually while the regional parties which influenced
by the coalition government strongly (Business Asia, 2010:10). Current President is Pratibha Patil.
(BBC News, 2011). As a result, India began to conduct a relatively free liberal market reform.
Nonetheless, because of the interests of coalition government members are dissimilar, the speed of
market reform is limited (Business Asia, 2010:10). Economic Analysis India's economy is the fourth
largest GDP in terms of purchasing power parity (Gupta and Gupta, 2008:68). Table 1: The Growth
of GDP in India from 2003–2008 From 2003–2004 to 2006–2007, annual Real Growth Rate
increases from 8.4% to 9.7%. Because of the summer's credit–market crisis, the Indian GDP Growth
decrease to 9.0% from 2007 to 2008 and Indian government estimates GDP Growth for 2008–2009
is 7.1%. The decrease of GDP ascribes the global financial crisis which affects India primarily
through trade and capital outflows (The World Bank, 2008:16). On trade, exports are possible to
weaken and make its contribution to GDP growth may be drop sharply. However, during

Health Care Analysis Essay
Health care reform has been a big topic since the Clinton administration when First Lady, Hillary
Rodham Clinton, took it under her belt to devise a new system. Health care is the provision taken to
preserve mental and physical health using prevention and treatment. Compared to other health care
systems in the world, the United States is ranked 37th in terms of care, claims Michael Moore
(2007). Ironically, our health care system spends more than any other nation on its patients,
averaging nearly $8,000 per person (DiNitto, 2012). With soaring costs, it is no surprise that one in
every seven Americans are uninsured (Kaiser, 2011). Even with these sorry figures, statistics show
that 85% of Americans are satisfied with their health care ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Rather, our mentality reasons, "I paid for my child's dentist visit, why can't this child's parents do the
same?" How must we protect our values without losing our culture? The preexisting satisfaction our
nation currently has, allows our patient–focused health care system to prevail. Yet because of the
trifling, non–satisfied citizens, the system must be adjusted. Using our current system, we must
expand coverage by cutting expenses and seeking justice. We need to implement new laws that
reform Medicaid, protect clients, and monitor prices. Expanding coverage will cost money simply
because health care expenses are high. Health care costs are high for multiple reasons. Inefficiency
is happening because doctors lack resources that inform them about their patients' past tests and
prescriptions. This costs time and money. According to Furchtgott–Roth (2009), former chief
economist at the U.S. Department of Labor, ten cents of every dollar paid to the doctor goes to his or
her malpractice insurance. These rates are so high because there is no cap on the amount of money a
doctor can be sued. Doctors even fear being sued for doing "too little" in the patients' eyes. Because
of this, doctors end up running unnecessary tests and prescribing unneeded drugs. Medical News
Today acerbates that health care is so expensive because we spend $147 billion per year on
problems that

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
http://www.blurtit.com/q200168.html http://www.blurtit.com/q200168.html Disney Theme Park to
India
Disney Theme Park to India
Abstract:
This report is aim to analyze profitable adventure of The Walt Disney Company to set up
Disneyland theme park in India. As one of main emerging markets in Asia, India might be the next
destination for The Walt Disney Company to target on. Therefore, this report uses a series of
marketing tools to demonstrate the macro–environment and micro–environment in India, such as
PESTEL, SWOT, Porter's Five Forces Model and Self Referencing Criteria. Based on this analysis,
the current situation of India shows an attractive prospect to Disney in terms of economic and
technological development, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social Analysis
The Indian society is divided into three classes: lower class, middle class and upper class (Driver
and Driver, 1987). According to Beteille (2001, cited in Mawdsley, 2004), the economy driver, as
well as the major consumer group in India is the middle class, which is driving the economy towards
success and development. Furthermore, referred to Misra (1961), the number of the middle class has
been increased explosively during the last decade and the characteristic in India is its diversity in
terms of language, religion and caste. In other words, India has the most diversity of middle class in
the world through calculation (ibid). To the constraints on growth and distribution of wealthy part,
firstly, the faster agricultural development can raise the overall rate of growth. Secondly, the
distribution of income in industry and agriculture can affect the growth rate through its effect on
demand and consequent have effect on industrial investment (Dutt and Rao, 1996).
As mentioned by the table in the American Marketing Association (2006), India has higher COL
(collectivism) scores, PDI (power distance) scores and LTO (long–term orientation) scores as well
as MAS (lower masculinity index) scores and UAV (uncertainty avoidance index) scores than the
United States, which

The Cost Of Health Care
Traditionally the American health care system relied heavily a repayment model referred to as fee–
for–service which is described as a form of repayment that generates a greater emphasis on the
volume of patients seen rather than healthy outcomes produced under a physician's care. The fee–
for–service repayment method poses multiple issues such as: duplicating services which in turn
renders some of the services unnecessary, utilization of expensive technology because of the
revenue generation rather than as a valuable diagnostic tool and crowding caseloads to an
unmanageable level in order to achieve highest level of reimbursement. The aforementioned events
not only have the possibility of being unethical but also drive up the cost of health care in the United
States. Currently, health care costs have not only increased, but the Office of the Actuary projected
that U.S. healthcare spending will make up nearly 20 percent of the economy in 2019. One would
argue that if as a country we are spending so much on health care that we should be a "healthier"
nation, but this is not the case. Even though America continues to be the largest spender on health
care, collectively we experience a lower life expectancy rate compared to other industrialized
countries (hfma.com, 2011, p. 2). To assist with climbing health care rates healthcare purchasers
have called for repayment reform. One such reform that has been on the forefront is Value–Based
Health Care (VBH), also known as outcome

Immigration & Health
IMMIGRATION AND HEALTHCARE: ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND CHALLENGES FACING
THE NATION. Martin Kwesi Hinneh–Luther Instructor: Professor Neil Mathur HC 491: Senior
Seminar in Healthcare Management May 8, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––3 I.
Introduction–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––5 II. Statement of
the Problem–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––6 III. Significance of the
Study––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––6 IV. Definition of
Terms–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––7 V. Review of Related
Literature–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––8 VI. Analysis of ... Show more content on
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5. What impact does the new healthcare reform have on immigrants? 6. What are the challenges in
healthcare reform for immigrants? 7. Would healthcare reform encourage or discourage the influx of
immigrants? My intent is to try and investigate these issues with an independent mindset and let
readers draw their own conclusions. Significance of the Topic This topic has generated long and
serious debates across the country. Even after it was recently passed into law, many are still
contemplation on it. I believe this topic has been on the dining table of most Americans. This is
because it is very vital not only to the sustenance of the economy but also to the well being of the
citizens of this great nation as a whole. Many have received death threats, etc when this bill was
passed. According to an article by Huffington post dated March 25, 2010, Colorado Senator Mark
Udall on Thursday became the latest member of the Colorado Congressional delegation to receive a
threat of violence this week for supporting health care reform. The arrest of a California man
accused of making criminal threats against U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has triggered a heated
debate about whether America 's conservative media – particularly Fox News – is fomenting
potential violence against high–profile Democrats. Brooksville, Florida – Capitol Police and the
Hernando County Sheriff 's Office is investigating a death

Policy Analysis : Analysis Of Influeutical Monopolies
Policy Analysis Employing big–scale medical patenting legislation to fight abusive pharmaceutical
monopolies (like discussed in the third perspective of the Literature Analysis and the second article
in the Media Analysis) is not a new trend. These powerful laws have been around since the late
1900s, starting with the prominent Bayh–Doyle Act of 1980 that allowed the government to exercise
"march–in rights". The next milestone bill was the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) of
2011, or the "Patent Reform Act", which regulates patents of all industries and "represents the first
major legislative adjustment to the U.S. patent system in decades" (Dobson). This demonstrates the
symbolic purpose of this bill of bringing hope to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In these letters, the AMA frequently suggested why certain amendments of the 2011 act should fit
protocol and ___________.
Finally, the political stream of this act refers to party alliances on an issue and voices of oppositional
advocacy groups, like Gilead. Pertaining to this stream, the AIA act was a bi–partisan act passed
with an overwhelming majority. Both political parties, Democrats and Republicans, believed that
reform in the patent industry was important, because "this legislation [was] a key component for
both Democratic and Republican jobs agendas" (Press Release). This Obama–administered law
negatively affected the entire patenting industry and major oppositional advocacy groups, like
Gilead (as discussed in the CNN article in the Media Analysis), fought the change so that the "final"
determination may be reconsidered [14] and then still appealed in court" (Morales). This quotation
from Morales highlights the web of interactions between political parties and major oppositional
advocacy groups in the political stream to help shape policy.
Based on the roll out of this social condition, one can see that the target population is the group of
people affected by the bill. Despite diversified agendas of the three streams, all the activists and

Gsk Annual Report 2010
Do more, feel better, live longer
GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2010
Contents
Business review P08–P57 Governance and remuneration P58–P101 Financial statements P102–
P191 Shareholder information P192–P212
Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary
Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market
GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial
position and resources Financial review 2009 Risk factors Governance and remuneration Our Board
Our Corporate Executive Team Governance and policy Dialogue with shareholders Internal control
framework Committee reports Remuneration policy Director terms and ... Show more content on
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Website GlaxoSmithKline's website www.gsk.com gives additional information on the Group.
Notwithstanding the references we make in this Annual Report to GlaxoSmithKline's website, none
of the information made available on the website constitutes part of this Annual Report or shall be
deemed to be incorporated by reference herein. Cautionary statement regarding forward–looking
statements The Group's reports filed with or furnished to the US Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC), including this document and written information released, or oral statements
made, to the public in the future by or on behalf of the Group, may contain forward–looking
statements. Forward–looking statements give the Group's current expectations or forecasts of future
events. An investor can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to
historical or current facts. They use words such as 'anticipate', 'estimate', 'expect', 'intend', 'will',
'project', 'plan', 'believe' and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any
discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements
relating to future actions, prospective products or product approvals, future performance or results
of current and anticipated products,

U.s. R And D Industrial Policy
U.S. R&D Industrial Policy While the United States touts free market policies as main guiding
principles, U.S. policy makers have actively used research and development (R&D) industrial
policies to maintain and grow the U.S. economy. There are two types of R&D, also known as
research and experimentation (R&E), funding models; one is direct federal research dollars given to
industry, typically for basic research, and the other in the use of tax credits for R&D activities. Tax
credit policies began in 1981 as part of the Economic Recovery Tax Act (Talley, 2011). The U.S. has
long funded R&D, however this funding has steadily decreased with the total in 1976 of just over
1.2% of GDP with dropping below .8% of GDP in 2014 (AAAS, 2014a). As of 2013, South Korea,
Finland, Japan, Taiwan, and Germany all outspend the U.S. on direct R&D funding relative to GDP
(AAAS, 2014b). The IMF and OECD indicate that R&D tax credits are a main growth strategy for
the G–20 nations (IMF, 2014). This research topics explores how the United States domestic
industrial policies supporting research and development influence business and entrepreneurial
behaviors within the U.S., which industries has this benefited the most, overall societal impacts of
advancements in technology and automation, and finally how this supports comparative advantage
for the United States as well as implications for developing nations. The U.S. Congress has funded
the R&D tax credit on a continual

Lenovo
Analysis of Lenovo 's competitive strategies and how can it adapt its core competencies to external
changes? Executive Summary Lenovo, a personal computer manufacturing company, has been one
of the leading corporations in the PC industry for over 20 years since the company foundation. The
brand has been popular among the PC consumers over a long period of time and its reputation
reached a peak level especially after acquiring the Personal Computing Division of IBM. The new
business acquisition enhances the brand awareness by using the IBM branding and improves
technology of Lenovo that enables Lenovo to compete with the current giant corporations such as
Hewlett–Packard and Dell in the industry and to possess a market share of 19% in ... Show more
In addition, as one of the largest domestic personal computer manufacturers in China, it has the
support of government which forms parts of the unique resources of Lenovo. In terms of the
capabilities, firstly, Lenovo provides the engineers with lots of trainings. Secondly, Lenovo is good
at encouraging the employees and the different kinds of incentive schemes are adopted in the
company. Moreover, Lenovo does well in market segmentation and its market positioning is
accurate and suitable. It mainly positions in low–end market in which the cost effectiveness is
consumers ' greatest concern. With its Value Line G Series product which particularly focuses on the
high cost effectiveness, this operation strategy attracts a large amount of consumers who would like
to pursue practicability and entertainment with low price. Furthermore, after obtaining the new
technology by the acquisition of the Personal Computing Division of IBM, Lenovo launched a new
product named Ideapad which mainly aims for the high–end market. Lenovo has a large market
share in China and India which are the huge consumer markets in the world. The large demand of
the consumers leads to the mass production which leads to the economies of scale and minimize the
costs. Besides, Lenovo continuously improve the customer service which contributes a lot to their
reputations and they pay more attention to meet the consumer preference in terms of service
personalization

Regulatory Agency Paper
Regulatory Agency Paper Annamarie Jenkins April 2, 2012 HCS/430
Federal Drug and Food Administration "The Federal Drug Administration is an agency within the
Department of Health and
Human Services. The FDA organization consist of the Office of Commissioner and four directorates
overseeing four core functions of the agency: Medical Products, and Tobacco,
Foods, Global Regulatory Operations, and Policy, and Operations" (FDA, 2011). The FDA ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This agency consist of nine centers and office, each department has a Deputy Commissioner who
has to report to the Commissioner of the FDA.
Within each of these departments have directors and assistant commissioners who report to the
deputy commissioners. These departments have their particular job to keep his or her superior
informed of any possible dangers with food or drugs including cosmetics. The FDA is duty bound to
follow regulations and laws to ensure the safety of consumers by communicating them to the
Commissioner and then to the Department of Health and Human
Services.
Day–to–Day Operations The responsibilities of the Federal Drug and Food Administration is to
ensure the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. The day–to–day operations of the FDA occur within
the Office of
Operations. This office provides the leadership for operational activities, interaction, and execution
of programs initiated by the commissioner. The Officer of Operations (OO) had the authority to
delegate direction, regulating documentation, ethical, and conflict of interest matters.
The OO provides advises to the Commissioner on various management and business activities of the
agency. Plans, directs, and coordinates financial programs and furnishes financial reports regarding
the status of these programs. This office oversees the establishment and implementation of programs
and policies, ensure that they

The Patent Reform Act Of 1952
The Leahy–Smith America Invents Act, passed on September 16, 2011, was the most significant
reform to the patent system in the United States since the Patent Act of 1952, which redefined the
patentability of patent to include being nonobvious in addition to new and useful (1). The
demanding need for patent reform had been discussed and debated frequently both within the
literature focusing on patent trolls and consistently in Congress with the introduction of many patent
reform acts that were never enacted: the Patent Reform Act of 2006 at the 109th Congress, the
Patent Reform Act of 2007 at the 110th Congress, and the Patent Reform Act of 2009 at the 111th
Congress (2–5). The enactment of the America Invents Act in 2011 after the failure of previous
reform attempts signifies its importance in addressing the pressing issues of the United States patent
system. The America Invents Acts specifically aimed to confront problems that were impeding
innovation: the ever–increasing expense of the patent process, the exploitation of the patent system
by patent trolls, and the unnecessary complexity and inefficiency of the patent process as a whole.
Although the process of obtaining a patent–patent prosecution–of minimal complexity costed on
average approximately $10,000, the most expensive part of the patent process was patent litigation–
the legal process for patent infringement (6). The average cost of patent litigation for a patent case
claiming $1 million to $25 million

Essay about United States Patent Office as a Government...
The United States Patent Office ("USPTO") faces criticism from its users and legislators that the
timeliness of the patent process and ultimate quality of issued patents are inadequate. In order to
address this criticism Congress made several changes to the authorities of the USPTO in the last
decade and considered more changes in 2009. Nevertheless, problems persist and some stakeholders
argue that reorganizing the USPTO as a government corporation would best alleviate these problems
by broadening its authorities even further and releasing it from external constraints. The USPTO had
a backlog of over one million patents at the end of 2008. Given the rapid pace at which technology
currently evolves, demand for patents is only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper begins with a brief discussion of the problems that the USPTO currently faces. Next, it
describes the proposal that the USPTO become a government corporation and how this proposal
might alleviate the problems identified in section one. The third section describes the USPTO's
current status as a PBO and how this status both differs from a structure as a government
corporation and is inadequate to fully solve the problems identified in section one. The fourth
section presents and analyzes pending legislative changes to the USTPO, which might grant it
similar authorities as a government corporation. The next section describes the specific structures
some proponents propose for structure the USPTO as a government corporation and key legislative
steps necessary to do so. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of the proposal.
I. Problems at the USPTO
Since the very first patent issued, the public's demand for patent protection steadily increased. In
2008, the USPTO had over one million pending patent applications. The USPTO sought to increase
its workforce by 1,200 employees per year in order to meet this growing demand. However, the
USPTO competes with the private sector for talent and, since government practices in hiring and
promotion are more cumbersome than private

An Encouragement for Small Businesses
Encouragement of Small Business
Introduction
The Congress has the authority to impose requirements for the federal procurement policies.
Through the acquisition process, the government procures goods and services from diverse players.
The process consists of three phases that are, acquisition planning and need recognition, contract
formation and contract administration. Federal acquisition regulation (FAR) regulates the activities
of the government in the procurement process. The system does not regulate the activities of the
private sectors, but it affects the operation of private firms incorporated into the federal government
by way of solicitation and reference of contracts. Congress, on the other hand, imposes requirements
on private sectors whereby, agencies of the government obtain goods and services from private
individuals or sectors. One of these authorities comes to be when congress exercises its mandate by
promoting subcontracting and contracting with small business entities (Columba, Gambacorta &
Mistrulli, 2010). Declaration of these measures by congress ensures that small business entity gets a
chance to contract with government agencies. Congress should aid, assist, protect, and counsel small
business entities to ensure their survival in the market. Congress mandate ensure that there is fair
competition in the procurement market within agencies and in ensuring that there is fair proportion
set aside for small enterprises. Small entities need not only be

The Battle of Bosworth Field and its Effect on Government...
The Battle of Bosworth Field took place on 22 August 1485; it was between the army of Henry
Tudor, Earl of Richmond and King Richard III. It was the 16th and penultimate battle of the War of
the Roses. It was crucial to the outcome to the war and the history of the world to come. The battle
of Bosworth Field effected England, through the military, as peace was brought to England after
centuries of war, politically as Henry VII came to the crown, beginning the Tudor dynasty, with
Henry VII revolution of Government, and Socially with the reformation of the Church in England
with a split from the Catholic Church.
The War of the Roses were a series of Civil Wars from 1455 – 1487, they were fought between the
House of York and the House of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Henry Tudor left France on August 1 with 2,000 men and gathered more men as he travelled through
Wales; by the time of battle on the 22nd of August he had a 5,000 strong army (Hickman, 2009).
Richard III had an army of 10,000 men. Henry had sent messengers to Lord Stanley and Sir William
Stanley requesting assistance, they both agreed to desert Richard III during the battle. When both
Stanleys swapped sides, this turned the numbers in favour of Henry's army. The battle only lasted
approximately 2 hours ending with Richard's death and Henry Tudor, despite being 13th in line for
the crown at the time, was crowned King Henry VII.
Richard's army charged downhill to meet Henry's. The Stanley's observed from the south before
joining Henry in battle, being able to overwhelm Richard III army (Hickman, 2009). It is not
completely certain where the battle took place but it is thought to have been near Dadlington and
Ambion hill (as seen below).
The main military effects of the battle of Bosworth Field were that it brought to an end centuries of
conflict; before the decades long War of the Roses the Hundred Years war took place between
England and France, the English people on the whole were tired of fighting and most accepted
Henry as King, a small army fought under the name of York in 1487 in the final battle of the War of
the Roses but were defeated (Gormley, 2008).. Along with the end to

United States Copyright Laws
In its beginning, the United States based its code of laws on the British Law (Moser & Slay, 2011,
16). Connecticut passed the first state copyright bill: an Act for the Encouragement of Literature and
Genius in 1783 (Moser & Slay, 2011, 16). By 1786, twelve out of the thirteen states had passed
copyright statutes. However, the fact that each state had its own copyright laws created
inconsistency and inconvenience for enforcement from one state to another. A federal copyright law
was necessary. On March 1783, the Continental Congress drafted the Constitutional Copyright
Clause, which gave to the federal government the power to pass copyright laws (Moser & Slay,
2011, 17). The clause stipulated that the goal of the United States was to promote ... Show more
The gramophone began to replace the phonograph (Bargfrede, Mak & Feist, 2009, 4). In 1903,
Monarch Record Label brought the first release of pre–recorded music on discs records (Bargfrede,
Mak & Feist, 2009, 4). While fighting over patents for these new technologies, producers such as
the Columbia Phonograph Company and the Gramophone Company, gave little thought to the
ownership of a performance contained on these mediums (Cummings,

Meaningful Use For Nurses : Implications And Recommendations
Meaningful Use For Nurses: Implications And Recommendations Name DeVry University NR 512
Prof. Date Meaningful use has been defined as any tool or technology that adds value to improving
the lot of patient care and patient administration; as a result of Meaningful Use (MU) legislation that
provides incentive payments to hospitals and other providers that use certified electronic systems
and encode clinical data with standardized terminologies (Dykes & Collins, 2013). It can also be
defined as a set of standards that have must be adhered to by health care providers that wish to
continue to receive incentives under these Medicare and Medicaid MU programs. These metrics can
be found on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) website. The use of IT in the
healthcare field has been a strategic focus for necessary improvement that stands to enable more
cost effective, higher–quality, and far safer patient care according to the Committee on Data
Standards for Patient Safety (2003). The National quality forum conceptualized the idea of
meaningful use to the nursing fraternity and believed that they were the most critical link in patient
care and health delivery and hence technology tools of EHR would be best used by them The
purpose of the electronic health records was to improve the health of population, coordination of
care, safety improvement in patients undergoing critical and long term care, and patient and family
engagement in timely access of

Fundamental Analysis of Pharmaceutical Stocks
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis is a technique that attempts to determine a security's value by focusing on
underlying factors that affect a company 's actual business and its future prospects. On a broader
scope, you can perform fundamental analysis on industries or the economy as a whole. The term
simply refers to the analysis of the economic well–being of a financial entity as opposed to only its
price movements.
Fundamental analysis serves to answer questions, such as:
Is the company's revenue growing? * Is it actually making a profit? * Is it in a strong–enough
position to beat out its competitors in the future? * Is it able to repay its debts? ... Show more
2. The data which is useful for the fundamental analysis are lacking in this Project that are still in
negotiation or any kind of deal which is in–process. Thus, that is ignored by the study. 3. Due to lack
of experience and knowledge of the pharmaceutical industry it can't be said that the projection has
been made totally correct and accurate. 4. Today's stock market is totally running on the investor's
perceptions so the conclusion derived on the basis if fundamental analysis would not viable in long
run.
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has come a long way from being almost non–existent in the
1970's to being one of the largest and most advanced Pharmaceutical industries in the world.
The domestic Pharmaceutical output has increased at a CAGR of 13.4.Currently the Indian
Pharmaceutical Industry is valued at $ 8 billion (approx).Globally the industry ranks 4th in terms of
volume and 13th in terms of value. It provides employment to millions and ensures that essential
drugs are available to the vast population of India at affordable prices.
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has attained wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug
manufacture and technology developed through a range of governmental incentives and the industry
has been declared a knowledge based industry. This Industry is a highly organized sector and is

FDA Regulation Considerations
FDA Legislation Considerations Dating back to 1906, the U.S. Food and Drugs Act spearheaded the
regulatory functions of the Bureau of Chemistry (predating the FDA), to regulate drugs and medical
devices in order to prevent consumer harm (Shi and Singh, 2013). As regulatory functions evolved,
manufacturers conducted safety tests on products before they were marketed, and the FDA would
intervene only if someone was harmed from a drug or medical device (Shi and Singh, 2013). The
purpose of this paper is to analyze two FDA drug and/or medical device legislations during the
1900's, and discuss their impact today. Chosen from a summary of FDA legislation from Shi and
Singh (2013), I have chosen to discuss The Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, ... Show more
FDA legislation began under the Food and Drugs Act of 1906, and regulatory legislation followed
throughout the 1900's, bringing about legislation in 1996 to address the advancements in technology
in the coming 21st century. As this paper gives a brief history of FDA regulation, and summarizes
the Safe Medical Devices act of 1990 and the FDAMA 1997, it provides a lens into how external
forces (legislators) can influence the safer and more efficient products produced in the health care

The Criminal Practice & Justice System in India
Research Methodology: THE CRIMINAL PRACTICE & JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA
THE CRIMINAL PRACTICE & JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA
CONTENTS
Introduction and organisational context
The Department
The history of Bombay High Court
The History of Supreme court New Delhi
The Department's of Indin Criminal law
3.1. The Indian Penal Code
3.2. The Code of Criminal Procedure(CrPC) in India.
3.3. The Indian Evidence Act.
The debate issues in bombay high court – case laws
Aim, objectives and outputs
1.AIM – Murder; sec 300 to sec 307
2.Objectives – Bail; sec 436 to sec 450 2.1. Bailable offence 2.2. Non–bailable offence
Literature Review
3.1.Successes of Practice in Criminal Justice system.
3.2. The Failures of Practice in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is remarkable that, for about 60 years thereafter, the High Court managed to pull on with just 7
Judges, although with advancing years, the laws and the litigation both multiplied. There were no
indications that this limited Bench was found inadequate to cope with the work, till about 1919.
With the armistice at the termination of the First World War, there was sudden spurt of litigation in
the City of Bombay. The number of Suites filed on Original Side, which during War had dwindled
down to about 500 rose to about 7000, that the Prothonotary found it difficult to prepare daily
boards for 3 Judges. It was only then that an additional Judge was demanded and was grudgingly
granted . Bombay was lucky or unlucky in having at this crisis a Chief Justice of exceptional caliber,
Sir Norman Mcleod, who instead of multiplying Judges preferred to massacre suits and appeals.

The Charter of the High Court also made it the supreme and final court of appeal in all cases, civil
and criminal, decided by inferior courts, except such as possessed the requisite importance,
pecuniary or legal, demanding a further appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
Ever since the Constitution of the Privy Council as the Court of ultimate appeal from British India
by a Statuette of 1833, the bulk of its business was from Indian appeals; so much so that for Indian
appeals, a Judge or a lawyer of

The Indian Business Environment Before Completing The...
India is a massive country known as a leader in cultural diversity, and also has the second largest
population in the world. India has been opening its business environment to welcome foreign
investors as well as foreign companies. The pharmaceutical industry in India has become one of the
most attractive investment places in the world, which is estimated to be worth US$20 billion, and
expected to grow over about 15 percent per annum (IBEF, 2016). Moreover, the country ranks very
high in the third world, regarding technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured, as
stated in the book written by NPCS Board (2013). Therefore, in order to start a pharmaceutical
business and be successful in India, we will analyze the Indian business environment before
completing the business plans and strategies.
The pharmaceutical company would be affected in so many ways by the political environment,
which constitutes all the factors related to government aspects such as government's policies,
attitude of government towards different groups of societies, politicians interests, the ideologies of
several political parties, and policy changes implemented by different governments etc. Hence, this
lead to the result of the Indian business environment is impacted by multivariate political factors
(Suman, 2010). The taxation system in India is well developed owing to the three–tier federal
structure, including the Union Government, the State Governments, and the Urban & Rural Local
Bodies.

Illegal Immigration Solution
Why do people desire to come to the U.S. to live illegally, from one place to the next, work in low
wages, never challenge to show off their face because they are afraid they would get caught and
deport? Why do people desire to leave their country, the area where they grew up, know language,
culture, and have their families there? People leave their country of origin, come to a completely
different place, live illegally because back to their native land, they cannot make a living. People
come to the U.S. to hope for a better living conditions, or basically only a survival chance.
Immigration means to come to a foreign country for the purpose of job, permanently or both. Illegal
immigration happens when people actions are going against the guidelines required during or before
the immigration process. Moreover, illegal immigration is a tremendous problem that is prevalent
nowadays. The U.S Government has been trying to find a solution to this issue for the past years.
The United States approved the Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986, which allowed the
Government to punish American companies that consciously employed illegal immigrants.
(Nadadur, 1037). The Control Act has been unsuccessful in controlling illegal immigration.
Immigrants are a vital part of the U.S., workers contribute to its overall productivity growth, and
advancement. Without immigration the U.S workers would begin to decrease, because immigration
increases the size of the workforce. It also changes

Solving The European Model Of Reference Pricing
To reduce the incidence of this problem, a two–tier solution is most likely to work given the fact that
both consumers and producers have concerns that must be addressed. First, the government must
regulate and reduce pharmaceutical prices in some manner to increase their affordability. And
second, the government must reduce the costs for pharmaceutical companies to compensate for the
loss of profit brought on lowering profit margins. By addressing both consumer and producer
concerns with the simultaneous implementation of these two strategies, both parties, pharmaceutical
companies in particular who have influential lobbyists at their disposal, would be more likely to
support reform. For the first step, the US may find a solution in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, the price of insulin, a life–saving and medically necessary drug to prevent death, costs
somewhere between $100 and $400 per month on average. (Gordon) By implementing reference
pricing, pharmaceutical companies would be legally obligated to price their drugs at the reference
price, creating a pseudo–competitive market that keeps prices affordable for consumers of the
healthcare industry. There is no doubt there will be resistance from the pharmaceutical companies as
with lower prices comes lower profits.
However, there are counterarguments to pharmaceutical companies' rationale for keeping drug
prices high and in the face of those counterarguments, pharmaceutical companies may be forced to
accept greater government regulation. Research has shown that marketing costs, through TV
advertisements, direct marketing to physicians etc., actually exceed those for research and
development. Knowing that the public would deem marketing to be a self–serving cost that is not
justifiable as a cost that is passed on to consumers, pharmaceutical companies have tried to disguise
the real source of their costs, and label marketing costs as research and development (Rovner).
Furthermore, as shown by Europe, reference pricing has not been shown to adversely affect or
reduce research and development. Despite Europe's

Social Issues
Business Brief The problem of state presence in socio–economic life has always been and will be
the subject of heated discussions among economists, sociologists and political scientists. This issue
is not only an ideological one, but also of significant importance for the state functioning. It is
undisputable that the implementation of particular tasks by the state turns out indispensable for the
functioning of society, however, in terms of market existence the underlying advantages, to be
discussed below, are much less favorable. The classification of social regulations In the course of the
recent 50 years the decrease of economic regulations is quite noticeable while the social ones
present an increasing tendency and have been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
licenses, patents. State intervention at private markets generates costs, unpredictable consequences
and is often more damaging than purposeful. The state frequently builds obstacles preventing
economic growth. In many cases state regulations raise company functioning costs, slow down
decision–making processes and limit access to resources necessary for the production of goods and
the provision of services. Finally, it is the consumer who suffers unfavorable effects of such
regulations. One of the negative side–effects, in terms of the state interference in the social sphere,
are administration costs covered by the state budget and spent on running and supporting federal
agencies. Another negative factor takes the form of bureaucratic inclinations presented by clerks in
creating regulations the objective of which is often lost among inadequate requirements, the maze of
rules difficult to overcome for consumers and entrepreneurs in order to meet due requirements.
Additionally, entrepreneurs themselves are trying to extend the scope of regulations by seeking ways
to use them to their own advantage. The costs to be covered by entrepreneurs refer to the necessary
documentation, accounting and legal advice, employing consultants and experts, the purchase of
necessary equipment, but also the cost of waiting time for indispensable

Intellectual Property: An Important Asset in the Current...
Intellectual property is an important asset in the current knowledge economy. Intellectual property
typically covers the areas of Copyright, Patents and trademark law. In recent years, firms have
chosen to protect software based patents commonly used in smartphones. The use of patents to
protect software–based technologies has increased exponentially in the past 10 years since the
introduction of the iPhone in 2007 by Apple. Empirically, there is no clear correlation between
patent protection and economic growth (Iwaisako and Futagami). However companies are investing
more in the protection and acquisition of intellectual property to gain a monopoly and competitive
advantages. For the main this paper will concentrate on the protection of IP. Yet, the benefits of
acquisition strategy of IP should not be ignored. It is itself blended in the fabric of protection
strategies. Protection strategies allows for the acquisition of IP which in turn fosters economic
output and innovation.;
Protection
IP Protection fosters innovation and innovation activities. Protective strategies enhance a firm's
competitive offering. Patent protection strategies described by Mazzoleni and Nelson (1998) align
with the neoclassical view of organisation and profit maximisation. Increased protection of IP allows
companies to create a strategic advantage. The protection offered in IP systems such as patents
fosters innovation and innovative activities. IP systems secure R&D investment, which is

UK
COUNTRY ANALYSIS REPORT United Kingdom In–depth PESTLE Insights Publication Date:
May 2010 OVERVIEW Catalyst This profile analyzes the political, economic, social, technological,
legal and environmental structure in the United Kingdom. Each of the PESTLE factors is explored
on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects and future risks.
Summary Key findings Strong democratic system, but the threat from terrorism continues to be high
The UK adheres to a democratic, parliamentary system of governance known as the Westminster
system. The structure of the administration ensures that there is an adequate separation of powers
between the executive branch, led by the prime minister, the bicameral ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A recent study ranked the UK in the top three locations worldwide for eight scientific areas,
including biological sciences, environmental research, and clinical, pre–clinical and health research.
The UK is also renowned for the quality of its research and development (R&D), and persistently
builds on its strengths in science and innovation. The country has traditionally been keen to
encourage R&D in both the public and private sectors. However, the authorities face the unenviable
challenge of striking a balance between keeping the distribution of indigenous technology profitable
and maintaining a competitive advantage. Business legislation encourages commercial activity;
however, traditional liberties are affecting changes to legislation The legislation that affects the
business environment in the UK has been created and amended in such a way that the interests of
investors are generally given priority. This is evident from the fact that domestic and foreign players
have shown a continuous commitment to investing in the country. The majority of multinational
corporations that are based outside of Europe but have a presence on the continent establish their
European operations in the UK. However, the government faces the challenge of maintaining
traditional liberality of the country 's society while at the

Mba Spring2011 Merck Sample Group Project
DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY (MBA – Spring 2011) Strategic Management Case Study
Executive Summary: 3 Current Vision 4 Current Mission 4 Values 5 Current Strategies: 6
Developed Vision 7 Developed Mission 7 Reason for new mission 8 SWOT Analysis 9 External
opportunities: 9 External Threats: 10 Financial and Operating Performance Analysis 11 Close
Competitors 11 Ratio Analysis 11 Key Industry Ratios 14 Operating Profit margin 14 Net Profit
margin 14 Current Ratio 14 Return on Assets 15 Debt/Equity Ratio 15 Inventory Turnover Ratio 15
Revenue Growth 16 Market Share 16 Internal Strengths 16 Internal Weakness 20 External Factor
Evaluation Matrix 21 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We also work to improve animal health. All of our actions must be measured by our success in
achieving these goals. We value, above all, our ability to serve everyone who can benefit from the
appropriate use of our products and services, thereby providing lasting consumer satisfaction. We
are committed to the highest standards of ethics and integrity. We are responsible to our customers,
to Merck employees and their families, to the environments we inhabit, and to the societies we serve
worldwide. In discharging our responsibilities, we do not take professional or ethical shortcuts. We
are dedicated to the highest level of scientific excellence and commit our research to improving
human and animal health and the quality of life. We strive to identify the most critical needs of
consumers and customers, and we devote our resources to meeting those needs. We expect profits,
but only from work that satisfies customer needs and benefits humanity. This depends on
maintaining a financial position that invites investment in leading–edge research and that makes it
possible to effectively deliver the results of that research. Our ability to excel depends on

The World Trade Organization : Roles And Impacts On India
The World Trade Organization: Roles and Impacts on India
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has become central in the field of global governance. Since
the global body was created in January 1995, it has expanded its operations into more than 140
sovereign states (Gupta, 2006). The body has been tasked with; the development of trade rules,
governance structures to ensure that there is fair play between trading nations and to alleviate
poverty in underdeveloped nations through implementation of policies. However, unintended
consequences are common in field such as economy and India has experienced this by signing the
WTO. Even though WTO plays an important role in India, it still has negative effects. Therefore,
what can be done are expected suitable solutions to resolve non favourable impacts.
With command in over 140 sovereign states, the fundamental role played by the trade organisation is
the progressive opening and regulation of markets. The primary mission of the organisation is to
open markets gradually while ensuring that the rules and policies are respected (Gupta, 2006).
Secondly, the World trade Origination acts as conductor and tribunal. The international trade is
governed by rules and regulations developed by WTO member countries (Van den Bossche &
Zdouc, 2013, p107). Therefore, members must apply these rules when engaging in trade activities
between and amongst themselves. As a tribunal, the WTO settles disputes that arise from trading
activities between its

Key Characteristics Of The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Chapter–1
Introduction to Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
1.1 Introduction
The Indian pharmaceutical industry holding the top most position among all science based
technology spread with wide ranging of technicalities in the complex field of drug manufacturing
and drug innovations. The Indian pharmaceutical industry stands fourth in terms of volume and
attained the fourteen in terms of value. Export of Indian pharmaceutical industry works as a fuel for
the growth of the industry. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is exporting in almost all developed
countries and facing the severe competition and government price control regulations.
In the last two decades, Indian pharmaceutical industry has expanded significantly. It has more than
250 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For preventing the black– marketing and maintenance of supply of Essential Commodities Act, 1980
is being enacted by the state governments. This enactment of the act empowers the state
governments and central governments to detain any person who is involved in these activities. The
central government and the state governments have the power to revoke the detention orders.
1.10.1.2 Patent Act 1970, Product Patent Act 2005:
Intellectual property is the creation of the mind. Hence it is a different kind of property/ property
that is intangible, so required a different kind of protection. Intellectual property is the body of law
which protects the creative invention of the person who has disclosed the creative invention of the
benefits of the mankind from those who can copy or imitate the idea.
A patent is the grant from the government for the limited span of time for making, selling and
marketing the product for which a patent is granted. Patent Act1970, rules, 1972, and amendments
act 2005 protects the product of the creative mind. This is a grant for 20 years. This act ensures that
drug should be available at reasonable price to the consumers. There is also some provision to meet
the public health emergency. Revocation of patent for the public interest is also on the security side.
1.10.1.3 National pricing Policy,

Should Marijuana Be Legalized For Medical Purposes?
According to government surveys, about 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past
year. More than 14 million do it regularly. (NORML: Working to Reform Marijuana Laws, 2015)
Marijuana has been the topic of much discussion these past decades. The main factor of discussion
is whether or not to legalize it and the outcome it would have on the states. Some states have already
legalized but for medicinal purposes only. Much research has come out in this decade that marijuana
just isn't for your average drug junkie but it can be for someone who is going through cancer
treatment, has anxiety, or has constant seizures. While there are some people who believe that
marijuana is a gateway drug and if it is legalized for medical purposes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Marijuana has been used by humans for at least five thousand years and govern or band for the last
seventy years. Hemp fibers have been found in cave dwelling excavations throughout Asia.
Marijuana's popularity grew from India, to Europe, and then to the New World, where it was used
by the early settlers as an economically useful fiber crop. Early drafts of the Declaration of
Independence were even written on hemp paper. (Stewart, 2009) With marijuana being a much
discussed topic these past few decades; medical journals are not the only thing that has been
affective by its sudden popularity but also pop culture has taken its fair share of influences from this
mind altering drug. Music, literature, news and even Hollywood have had their fair share of
prominence of this drug feature within itself. Musicians have either featured cannabis in their music
videos, have made entire songs about smoking it, talked about it in interviews, or have been seen
smoking it. Some actors and actresses of Hollywood have become advocates of legalizing
marijuana. There are scenes in TV shows and movies where the characters are smoking cannabis or
talking about getting high. There was even a whole TV series about marijuana called Weeds with an
entire plot about marijuana. (Zelizer, 2014) Literature has even taken hit from the oh so popular
hypnotic

Johnson And Johnson Analysis

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