Twins Two Lives...One Personality

Twins Two Lives...One Personality
Twins Two Lives .One Personality What would it be like to have a twin? This is a question people
often ponder. People often say that they see someone that resembles someone they already know. It
is almost like dejavu. "Twin" comes from the German word "twine" meaning "two together" (Nagy
1). Most people automatically think of two people who look just alike when they hear the word
"twin". However, there is a lot more to twins than just looking alike. Twins are the most common
type of multiple births. Many think there are only two types of twins, identical and fraternal; they
often leave out conjoined twins. Twins are very unique and fascinating individuals because of their
similarities biologically, physically, and psychologically. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to Begley, identical twins are not always identical in behavior just because of genes.
Some studies show that when twins are given different circumstances, for example, different
educational opportunities, different results are obtained. One example in Newsweek showed one
twin may grow to be a professional pianist while the other twin was not at all musical even though
the twins were both raised in a musical environment ("Heredity" 69). Twins have different interest
from each other, and express them in individual ways. About twenty–five percent of identical twins
show features of mirror imaging, a reversal of patterns in twins that are most commonly detected
when twins have opposite handedness (Wright 119). Every set of mirror twins are not opposite
handed. Opposite handedness is one of the major forms of mirror imaging along with opposite hair
whirls and opposite birthmarks. In its mildest form, it can be a matter of which side of the mouth the
first tooth appears on. In a more dramatic form of mirror imaging it can be when organs are actually
found on the wrong side of their bodies. Mirror imaging is found more frequently in conjoined
twins, this has led most researchers to conclude that mirror imaging is a characteristic of late
separation (Scheinfeld 56). It has been proven over and over by many professors, doctors, and
researchers that identical twins share a special bond. It is a
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The Congenital Defects Affecting Livestock
Introduction
Physiological anomalies, regardless of animal species, have captured the imagination of people
throughout history, whether it be showcased in a traveling freakshow or inspiring mythical creatures
in the likes of Cerberus. Congenital duplication refers to birth defects in which a fetus is born with
extra appendages, organs, or other bodily characteristics due to a multitude of causes [1]. These
include maternal deficiencies and diet, environmental factors, genetics, as well as bacterial or viral
infection in utero [1]. The congenital defects affecting livestock covered in this factsheet refer to
facial or cranial duplication, known as dicephaly, as well as polymelia, which refers to the presence
of replicated limbs [1][2]. The latter condition, appears in many domestic species, albeit most
frequently in cattle [3].
Types of Dicephaly and Polymelia
Dicephaly and polymelia can both be categorized into subgroups according to their respective
corporal duplicate properties.Dicephaly can be divided into two categories, the first being
diprosopus dicephalus, the replication of the face and cranium resulting in two separate heads, and
the second, diprosopus monauchenos, pertaining to the replication of facial structures with a sole
neck [4].The four categories of polymelia include: cephalomelia, which refers to appendages
sprouting in the cranial region, notomelia, in which limbs grow on the back, thoracomelia, involving
the thorax, and pygomelia, relating to growth

Speech: Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins
I look around and see so many frowns. What happened to your smiles? Have you had such a
difficult day? Today we are going to see the reasons we need to smile about. Like in the movie
Annie, the song says you're never fully dressed without a smile.
Good morning! How many of you know what conjoined twins are and what struggles they go
through every day. I am going to talk about Abbey and Britney who are conjoined twins and how at
the end of the day they still have a smile on their face.
Conjoined twins develop from a single fertilized egg at conception. They are therefore always
identical and of the same sex. Hence the embryo doesn't complete the process of separating into
identical twins. 4 eyes, 2 nose, 2 mouths, 2 necks, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Think about it! Would you have managed to live a life like Abigail and Britney? Would you have
managed to play sports with two different minds telling one body what to do? I don't think so! These
amazing young girls are so talented and a miracle to the world and their family. They are so
independent and can live on their own. They have learnt to face the world together and do their jobs
together. What a hard life faced by these two girls but they still always have a smile on their face
whenever you see them.
So why did I choose conjoined twins? What is interesting about them? They are very rare occurring
once in 200,000 live births. According to the university of Maryland medical center .40–60%of
them arrive still born, about 35%survive only one day .The overall survival rate of conjoined twins
is between 5and 25%.
Friends we wake up every morning on our own feet .We brush our teeth with our own hands. We
dress ourselves. Life is easy peasy lemon squeezy, as today we would say. Put yourself in the shoes
of Abigail and Britney for one day and think how difficult life would be .All the things we take for
granted would be difficult. Thus lets take that frown of our face and remind ourselves that we are
never fully dressed without a

The Separation Of Twins In Dr. Benjamin Carson's Career
Dr. Benjamin Carson was presented with two patients who were conjoined at the head by means of a
blood vessel in the back of their brains. These patients would later go on to be known simply as the
Binder Twins. Even though the twins were patients of Dr. Carson, Carson first offered the case to his
mentor, Dr. Donlin Long. Long, in turn, refused and allowed Carson to perform the surgery because
Long knew that this was the type of thing that could make Carson's career. John Hopkins Medical
The first separation of twins to survive was in 1987 A woman only makes on egg and it doesn't fully
separate after fertilization, the growing baby starts to separate but stops before the process is
complete. The milestone was created to separate the twins

The Birth Of Conjoined Twins
Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins is a result of either fusion or fission. Fusion is the process where the fertilized egg
splits completely, but they come together and fuse part of themselves to each other. Fission is where
the egg does not completely separate or starts separating to late and doesn't get the chance to finish
separation. Since conjoined twins come from the same fertilized egg, they typically are the same
gender. Surgery for the twins, if they survive to that stage, is very risky. Sometimes risking the life
of one twin is needed to save at least one twin, although in most cases neither twin survives surgery.
There are a dozen and more types of conjoined twins. These types include: Thoracopagus,
omphalopagus, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These twins are also called sternopagus twins and make up only a mere 3% of all cases.
Ischiopagus twins are joined at the pelvis and the bottom of the spinal cord. The twins lay 180
degrees to each other, and can either three or four legs. 70% of all ischiopagus have all 4 legs, but
the others unfortunately do not. "The third leg that is shared is not controlled by any of the twins and
therefore rendered useless." Ischiopagus twins make up around 14% of the twins.
Another set, Dicephalus, the twins share a body from the neck to the pelvis region. "They only have
2 legs and only one reproductive organs." They can have 2–4 arms and they can live long lives if
they both have different hearts present. Craniopagus twins are the most risky to separate, and
doctors usually will refuse to separate them, due to them being connected at the brain, skull, and
they share blood circulation. They have distinctly separate bodies and necks. These twins are also
identifiable by the portion of the brain they share. "Vertical Craniopagus (joined at the top of the
head with bodies at a 180–degree angle to one another), Occipital Craniopagus (joined at the back of
the head), Frontal Craniopagus (joined at the forehead), and Parietal Craniopagus (joined at the side
of the head)."
If the twins survive to full term and don't die, there are many options needed to understand for
separating

Conjoined Twins Research Paper
Conjoined Twins
Sierra Shwani and Deahna Micheli
Feb. 15, 2018
Bio–Humphrey
Conjoined twins also known as Siamese twins are very rare, they only have a 1 out of 1,000 chance
of happening. These twins are babies that are born physically attached to each other. When this
happens, most twins are stillborn (die in the womb) or die shortly after birth. These types of twins
can be diagnosed as soon as the first 3 months of the babies' development using ultrasound.
Conjoined twins that survive are mostly female, but more male twins form than females. When
conjoined twins are formed, the female's egg doesn't fully split which creates two embryos, their
skin and organs can fuse together, but it is very rare. Although the two fetuses will develop

The Ethics of Conjoined Twin Separation Essay examples
The Ethics of Conjoined Twin Separation
Conjoined twins are a rare phenomenon. In the even that a set should appear where one twin is
dependant upon the other, I believe that they should be separated, at minimum, to save the life of
one. At the same time, I believe that every set of conjoined twins is its own special case. In this
study, I will present the background information on conjoined twinning, give a few case studies, and
give the pros and cons of conjoined twin separation. I will end with my own views on the subject.
How do these mutations arise? A.A. Zimmerman hypothesizes that, "[Conjoined twins arise from]
an error in blastogenesis due to incomplete fission of a single zygote, resulting in the development
of two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of those new cases in which there was an attempted separation, only about 5% leave the hospital
(Wirt, 525).
It also has been discovered that the rate of occurrence is much lower in Anglo–Saxons than in other
ethnic groups (Juretschke, 9).
There are a number of possible types of these births. These include thoracopagus, the most common,
affecting 35% of all conjoined twin births, where the chest wall is shared, and often the heart.
Pygopagus is another type, occurring in 19% of all cases, where the twins are joined at the buttocks.
Two significantly less occurring patterns are ischiopagus, 6%, connected at the tailbone, and
craniopagus, 2%, with a fused skull. Some other commonly occuring types include cephalopagus,
with the upper torso and back of the cranium fused, and dicephalus, having two heads and necks
connected to one body. Cephalopagus and craniopagus twins are rarely operated on, because the
brain is such a delicate organ on which to operate, especially when shared brain tissue is involved.
Other types include parapagus, a lateral fusion of the lower half of the body, and omphalopagus,
joined frontally at the midsection. Finally there is parasitic twinning, where one twin is dependant
upon the other for life, and often one is misformed, lacking organs or fully formed parts
(www.twinstuff.com).
In the case of parasitic twinning, there are also specific kinds. These range from globular malformed
tissue to branching heads

Informative Speech On Conjoined Twins
Ever thought how conjoined twins are formed? Reason to listen. Today, I am going to be informing
you about conjoined twins. I chose this topic because I didn't know much about conjoined twins and
was very curious about them. I looked up facts and articles about conjoined twins and articles about
doctors separating conjoined twins. First I'll be telling you about what conjoined twins are, and how
they are formed, secondly by how different conjoined twins live their lives, and finally by telling
you about the separation surgeries.
First, what are conjoined twins and how are they formed. Conjoined twins are identical twins who
are physically connected. (Rettner) Conjoined twins develop when an early embryo only partially
separates to form two individuals. (Conjoined Twins Mayo Clinic) Approximately 75% of conjoined
twins are females and 70% are fused at the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I'm going to tell you about how Abigail and Brittany Hensel live there life together as conjoined
twins. They are one of the rarest set of Dicephalus twins in the world. (Everything about: Conjoined
Twins Abby and Brittany) The doctors said that they would not survive very long but now they are
23 years old and are featured in a show called Abby and Brittany. (Everything about: Conjoined
Twins Abby and Brittany) They were never separated because their parents never thought of
separating then because one of them might die or get physically handicapped for the rest of her life,
so it just really wasn't an option for them.(Everything about: Conjoined Twins Abby and Brittany)
they stayed out of the media for 10 years and then when they were 16 the girls were filmed for a
TLC documentary, it features them passing their driver's test and each twin controls the steering
wheel with one arm. (Everything about: Conjoined Twins Abby and Brittany) they are treated like 2
separate people. (Everything about: Conjoined Twins Abby and Brittany) they live their life like a
normal

Signs And Symptoms Of Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins may be unusual for some people but for most people that's how they have to live
their life and are used the lifestyle. If you're pregnant there are no definite signs that you have
conjoined twins. Some symptoms could be your uterus can be growing faster than expected, have
more fatigue, nausea, and vomiting early in pregnancy.
What happens chemically in a pregnant woman's body that has conjoined twins is the whole cause
of the situation. The two twins will form 8 to 12 days after conception when embryonic layers split.
When the two twins are forming they develop specific organs and structures. The separation of the
twins will stop around the 13 through 15 day point. There is also a theory for the cause where two
separate embryos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The twins can be conjoined at the chest which is the most common of them all. If they are conjoined
at the chest they usually share a heart, a liver, and/or an upper intestine. Conjoined twins can be
conjoined at the bellybutton, belly, which they usually share a liver, colon, and/or lower part of the
small intestine. The base of the spine is another area where they can be conjoined. Twins usually
share the lower gastrointestinal tract when conjoined at this region. Very few she genital and urinary
organs if they are conjoined in this area. Twins may be conjoined at the pelvis region which they
usually share gastrointestinal tract, liver, and genital and urinary tract organs. In this case the twins
usually have two legs it is very uncommon to have a conjoined leg. Lastly, conjoined twins can be
connected at the head. Twins share a portion of the skull and they can also share brain tissue.
Separating the twins is the only treatment to fix an issue like this. There are cases where the twins
can only live if they stay conjoined but there can also be a case where if they do not get the surgery
both twins can die but if the twins do get the surgery to separate them only one will live. Usually if
conjoined twins get this surgery, the surgery will be done in the first 12 months of their life. After
the surgery some of the twins may need more surgery to fix other problems they may

Conjoined Twins Case Summary
1. Summary of the Problem: Is separating conjoined twins count as an unintended consequence that
is morally tolerable or as a direct killing of the infant that will not survive?
2. The Facts:
a. Clinical: Patients are conjoined twins born on August 8, 2000. The twins were connected at the
abdomen; Twin A was described as bright and alert with an anatomically normal brain, heart, lungs,
and liver. Twin B was had significant brain pathology and relied on Twin A's heart and lungs for
blood supply. Separating the twins would mean a certain death for Twin B, but Twin A had a good
chance of survival with moderate physical impairment that would require further operations to
correct. The procedure was performed on November 8, 2000. Twin B died immediately when the
blood vessels were cut. Twin A continues to survive the expectation that she would need years of
surgical care; decades later, she is alive and doing well.
b. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Situational: Michelangelo and Rina Attard, living on the island of Gozo in Malta, were expecting to
be parents. When they found out they were having conjoined twins, they traveled to Manchester,
England, since no adequate facility to care for the babies existed at their home. Gracie was described
as bright with normal functions, while Rosie relied on Gracie's blood supply. The parents were
Roman Catholic, and wanted "God's Will" to prevail and refused permission for the operation. They
could not accept the idea of killing one by cutting off the blood supply in order for the other to live.
The doctors at the hospital sought court authorization to perform the procedure against the parents'
wishes, and the courts ultimately granted that request after two appeals. The procedure was
performed, and Rosie died immediately when her blood vessels were cut. Gracie is doing well over
a decade

The Conjoined Twins Jodie and Mary Essay
The Conjoined Twins Jodie and Mary
The moral and legal case of the conjoined twins Mary and Jodie has set the nation off in a frenzy of
debating on whether or not the twins should be separated. In doing so, it has been revealed that only
Jodie has a chance of surviving the operation, meaning the operation is virtually an act of murder in
order to save Jodie's life. It has also been made known that if both twins are left to let fate take its
course, they will be dead within six months. The almost impossible moral decision of whether or not
Mary's life should be sacrificed in order to save Jodie's lies in the hands of the three Lords Justices
of Appeal. The question remains; should judges be given ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
So shouldn't this mean that proceeding with the operation is even more ridiculous if it is in fact
without the consent of Mary, even though she is a baby of six weeks old? One now assumes that the
next people to ask for permission to kill Mary, if not Mary herself, are her parents; the people who
gave life to their daughter. It strikes me as blatantly obvious that the parents should be the ones to
decide the twins' fate, not a judge who has no emotional connection with the twins whatsoever. It is
easy enough for a judge to say 'Go ahead with the operation,' but it is not that judge that will have to
face the consequences of the years to come after the proposed operation; it is the parents.
The prospect that the parents face does not paint a pretty picture. There is a high chance that
(providing the operation is successful), Jodie will be left seriously disabled, perhaps not even being
able to communicate freely like anyone else. If this is the case, as well as the parents being put
through an ordeal worse than one can imagine, the child could very well be better off dead as many
disabled people would be. So in addition to the moral dilemma of whether or not it is right to allow
the operation, there is also the point that maybe the twins should be just left to die as with Jodie
being alive and disabled she could very well be better off dead. If Jody

Roxy Paine, Conjoined Essay
The piece of art that I have chosen is Roxy Paine's Conjoined created in 2007. This is a
representational piece depicting a pair of trees taken from nature and joined by their branches. The
trees themselves are cylindrical, smooth and shiny from all angles. They reflect light from all sides
creating a mirror like appearance.
The branches initially flow upward but then gradually flow into the middle where they are
conjoined. They are located in Madison Square Park where they seem to blend in with the rest of the
trees but they definitely manage to stand out. Because they serve no function other than visual I
consider this sculpture to be fine art.
Roxy Paine welds cylindrical stainless steel pipes and rods to form and shape these two ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stainless steel is more expensive than standard steel. Paine has studied and observed they way trees
grow and this has allowed him to form his own artistic rendition.
Paine uses the visual element of "Direction and Movement" to make the trees appear like they are
growing into each other or being pulled apart. The branches are tapering at the tips and flowing to
the side almost like a windstorm is blowing them over. Looking at the trees you get a real sense of
struggle between forces. They look like they are pulling apart but at the same time trying to overtake
one another.
He also uses the visual element of "Shape and Mass." The trees are 3D representation of actual trees.
They are over 40 foot tall and very heavy; therefore they consume a large amount of volume and
mass. The trees appear to be constructed from geometric shapes but also try to follow the form of
nature in a more organic way.
Since the two trees are a sculpture they are naturally 3D but their reflection caused by light shining
on the stainless steel reminds us of their intricate details. The trees have a very strong gray
monochromatic earth tone caused by the steel.
A "Principle of Design" that Paine emphasizes is "Unity." The trees are conjoined, rendering them as
one, as a whole, they are in unison. The trees appear to be to scale when compared to the other trees
in the park. They are not too small nor do the feel out of place. There is a strong emphasis near the
middle of

Compare And Contrast The Twins Of Siam And The Elephant Man
Comparative Analytical Text Essay
The Twins of Siam and The Elephant Man
Essay question:
People who are physically disabled all lead similar lives.
Do the Twins of Siam and the Elephant Man show this to be true?
The Elephant Man is the true story of Joseph Merrick's life from Tim Vicary's novel. Joseph Merrick
was born in London in 1862 and later, he developed a disease that made him disabled. The Twins of
Siam is a short text about Change and Eng, who were the conjoined twins, born in Thailand in 1811.
These characters in both stories are all disabled and lived in the 18th century. Even though they all
experience physical disabilities, Joseph Merrick's life does not have a lot in common with Chang
and Eng's. While they are all physically disabled and stared at by others, Joseph's life is more
miserable since he suffers more abuse than the twins do. However, Joseph Merrick and the twins all
have some happiness experiences in their lives, but he experiences more loneliness and misery than
Chang and Eng. Although these three men feel frustrated because of their disabilities, they all find
some activities that they enjoy and make the best of their lives.
While Merrick, Chang and Eng are all physically disabled and stared at by others, Joseph's life is
more pathetic since he suffers more abuse than the twins do. Unfortunately, Merrick has been
humiliated and treated terribly by a man called Silcock in his early days, and he has no way of
escaping his miserable life. When

Research Paper On Siamese Twins
Abstract Siamese twins are twins that bodies are attached together at birth. There are more than
twelve types of Siamese twins, depending on where the twins are attached. The twins may have all
the organs and other structures they need, or only the vital organs such as their heart. Each twin
needs to be treated to have an independent healthy life. In addition, Separation is extremely risky
and threatening the twins' life, especially if they are sharing a vital organ, because in many cases, the
surgeries end the life of one or both the twins. Introduction Siamese twins are identical twins born
with their bodies attached at some points and having varying degrees of residual duplication, this is
a result of the incomplete division of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Separation is a life–threatening and it is extremely dangerous, especially if they are joined at the
head or share essential organ like the heart, because in many cases, the results of the surgeries were
death of one or both the twins (2). Ben Carson, an American professor of neurosurgery, oncology
and surgery, made a medical history by being the first surgeon who successfully separate conjoined
twins (6,8,2). They were craniopagus twins (attached at the back of the head) (6,8,2). Carson and his
50 member surgical team agreed to take the risks and do the operation. They worked for 22 hours
and at the end of the surgery, the twins were successfully separated and they lived independently
(6,8,2). Conclusion From the moment they born, Conjoined twins face social problems, physical
problems, psychological problems and more important health problems(4). In addition, a condition
known as parasitic twinning or asymmetric conjoined twins happens when one of the twins fails to
develop properly, effectively acting as

Sloane McCarthy
A&P 2020
Sabine Allenspach
29 Nov 2015
Extra Credit: Conjoined Twins Optimizing Life This report explains, the research article entitled
Conjoined twins – twenty years' experience at a reference center in Brazil, which may be accessed
for free, full text, at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3611880/. The independent
variable for my research article was conjoined twins as a whole "population" for lack of a better
term, and the dependent variable for my research article was the different ways they are conjoined
and the options they (their parents) have to optimize their lives. My hypothesis was that surgeries in
most cases would be successful, their will be complications when the heart or brain is shared but as
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This puts twice the strain on the organs before the actual conjoined factor is even entered into the
picture. The two organs that cause the most medical problems when separation procedures occur is
the liver and the heart, if these two organs are shared, the twins cannot be separated without certain
death. Another medical hardship for doctors is the fact that each case is unique. There is no medical
handbook for the treatment of conjoined twins like their is with many other conditions. When you
get cancer you do chemotherapy, when you break your leg you get a cast, when you get dehydrated
your get IV fluids, but with conjoined twins every case is different making the medical side very
difficult. The last problem that occurs is the better growth and development of the twin who is
natural favored. Many times one

Is Visited The Mutter Museum?
Claudia Alarco Alarco
December 5,2014
Disease in History
Research Essay When we visited the Mutter Museum, I was mesmerized by the amount of
fascinating artifacts, collection of specimens, models, as well as the extensive variety of medical
instruments. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia is replete with some of the preeminent
artifacts and sets of anatomical specimens in America. As a student, I was deeply intrigued by nearly
everything. I was astounded by the amount of richness and diversity that makes up the history and
culture of medicine. Out of all the exhibits in the Mutter Museum, I was strongly inclined and
intrigued by the exhibit of the plaster cast and conjoined liver of the "Siamese twins" Chang and
Eng. These two Thai conjoined twins were born in 1811. They came to the United States in 1829 to
tour and perform. Chang and Eng eventually married sisters and bought adjacent farms near the
lands of North Carolina during the early 1840's. This exhibit along with countless number of
expositions of the malformations of human beings ignited a very strong interest for the subject of
teratology. And it was at that moment, as I stared into the unbelievable anatomy of these incredible
creatures, that I made the decision of pursuing the subject of teratology for this particular research
essay. In today's society we praise the abnormal, the different, the strange. We get pleasure and
satisfaction from seeing the bizarre, the unusual, the wacky. In essence, what we

Ben Carson : A Great Man
Ben Carson In 1951, Benjamin Carson was born to Sonya and Robert Carson. He grew up in
Detroit, Michigan. Six years later in 1959, Ben 's parents divorced and he, his brother Curtis, and his
mother moved to Boston, Massachusetts. They lived there for two years and moved back to Detroit
in 1961. Ben carson is very well much know for being the famous neurosurgeon. (Bunker, Patrick).
Ben Carson did not have an easy life growing up at all. He had a very hard life ahead of him
growing up in the environment that he did but in the end of that period of his life he became a great
man. Ben was 8 and Curtis, his brother, was 10 when Sonya began to raise them as a single mother,
reportedly moving to Boston to live with her sister for a time and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ben fell to the bottom of his class and became the object of ridicule by his classmates. Determined
to turn her sons around, Sonya limited their TV time to a few select programs and refused to let
them go outside to play until they 'd finished their homework. She required them to read two library
books a week and give her written reports, even though with her poor education, she could barely
read them. At first, Ben resented the strict regimen, but after several weeks, he began to find
enjoyment in reading, discovering he could go anyplace, be anybody and do anything between the
covers of a book. ("Ben Carson." Bio.com. A&E). Ben began to learn how to use his imagination
and found it more enjoyable than watching television. This attraction to reading soon led to a strong
desire to learn more. Carson read literature on all types of subjects, seeing himself as the central
character of what he was reading, even if it was a technical book or an encyclopedia.Carson would
later say that he began to view his prospects differently, that he could become the scientist or
physician he had dreamed about, and thus, he cultivated an academic focus. A fifth grade science
teacher was one of the first to encourage Carson 's interests in lab work after the youngster was the
only student able to identify an obsidian rock sample brought to school. ("Ben Carson." Bio.com.
A&E). Within a year, Carson was amazing his teachers and classmates with his

Analytical Essay (Conjoined-Judith Minty
Conjoined by Judith Minty is a poem that represents a broken relationship or a broken marriage.
Minty uses similes, metaphors, and analogies to describe the miserable union of two people and the
inseparability of the marriage that these two people are in. Marriage; the poem's subtitle sets the
theme of the poem and it is only when one begins to read the poem that it becomes understood as an
unhappy poem rather than that of joy and happiness. Minty uses words that with connotations that
steer more to the negative side to describe the life of a married couple. Although she does not come
right out and say what she means to say, the poem speaks for itself. Orson Scott Card once said,
"Metaphors have a way of holding the most truth in the least ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the second stanza of the poem Minty goes on to say that is it like "An accident, like the two
headed calf rooted in one body, fighting to suck at its mother's teats" (Minty lines 5–7). This
particular line immediately paints a picture in the readers mind Minty makes reference to marriage
as "An accident," right away it becomes evident to readers that she does not view her marriage in a
positive light. It was a mistake, something that had she known it would be like this, she probably
would have avoided it. She also references it to a calf that has one body but two heads that fight to
get milk to survive. This metaphor is representative of the single household that has two people who
are fighting to be the head of the home. Inevitably, there is only one person who will be the main
leader of the house but as a couple they should be pushing each other to do well. Minty's
comparison of the marriage to Chand and Eng is another indicator of her negative views on
marriage. She uses metaphorical devices to express how marriage is nothing good but rather a
dooming action that binds one to the other for eternity. Finally, in the third stanza of the poem she
states, "Do you feel the skin that binds us together as we move, heavy in this house" (Minty lines
10–11). This is in reference to the environment of the house. The skin enhances the metaphor as it
stresses to readers how hard it is to live in the house. Using the term skin suggests that the

Dr. Ben Carson 's Life
Ronald Dolan
9/22/15
Dr. Mera Ford
Dr. Ben Carson The sound of tearing cloth and a twisted metal sound resonates in his head. The
knife had bit into his friend when he lashed out toward his friend over the use of a simple radio. He
felt as light as a feather as he ran home from the scene of the crime. Inside his closet he clutches a
bible. After wiping his tears away the young child looks down to the bible, opens it, and reads
"Better a patient man than a warrior, a man who controls his temper than one who takes a city"
Proverbs 16:32 (CEB). (Ben Carson Bio.com) His anger and fear subsides from his fit of rage where
he tried to stab his friend. Benjamin Solomon Carson at this time was a young frustrate boy who
needed help and found it through the bible. He was lucky that the knife had hit his friend's belt
buckle just right so that the boy was unharmed. This experience, which he considers a miracle,
turned a young unruly boy onto a completely different path of life. Dr. Ben Carson has become
someone of great stature and an icon to all people struggling in the United States. He is a true
example of how someone can come from a life of poverty and hate to a life of love. Dr. Carson had
his defining moment at a very young age. Along with moment was an extremely supportive mother
and brother. Carson started off that school year with terrible grades and had little help to change
those grades. It was up to him to pull them up, which he did. He graduated with honors from his
high

Ben Carson Conjoined Twins Essay
Yesenia Bathelmy
Problem & Solution Essay
Ben Carson = Needs to separate conjoined twins, which has never been done before.
Conjoined twins are twins who are physically joined at birth. The twins can be joined at different
parts of their bodies, for example the hip, side, back, head etc. Dr. Ben Carson was the first person
to separate conjoined twins who were connected at the head. The twins were the children of Peter
and Agusta Rausch, who lived in Germany. Peter and Agusta gave birth to conjoined twins Patrick
and Benjamin Binder. The twins shared a critical vein in their heads, which needed to be separated
and reconstructed. When the twins were just 7 months old, Peter and Agusta Rausch decided to
begin looking for a neurosurgeon to perform the surgery. That is when they were ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, he prepared himself to perform this difficult procedure. Second, he had to gain the trust from
his patient and make them believe he could complete the task. Finally, Ben
Carson had to prepare himself mentally and spiritually so he could successfully accomplish this
extremely risky surgery.
Ben Carson's first steps toward becoming a great neurosurgeon involved having a great education.
Ben Franklin said, "If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him. An
investment in knowledge always pays the best interest." After completing high school, Ben went to
study psychology at Yale University in 1973. Here is where he got his introduction into the medical
field. Once he was finished at Yale, Ben moved onto the University of Michigan Medical School in
1977. Finally, Ben moved onto the study neurosurgery at the
John Hopkins Hospital, in Baltimore Maryland. All of the schooling Ben Carson went through
prepared him for this difficult surgery he would encounter later in life.
Becoming a well educated doctor is just one step of many in order to help patients in time of need. A
second step in Ben Carson's career was creating the ability to build

The Separation Surgery On Conjoined Twins
I would usually read books like this, but I would like to mention how interesting it was while
reading. One of Us has valuable information and stories of conjoined twins, not only in the United
States but all around the world. I found it interesting how the author uses medical term and
quantitative data to identify the different types of twin and how many are there. I did not know there
were so many different types of conjoined twin, and where they are attached or infused. Alice
Dreger purpose of this book is analyzing case studies both past and present, along with questions
and assumptions about anatomy and normality, and transforms our understanding of how we are all
intricately and inextricably joined. She also explored the separation surgery on conjoined twins.
Providing historical and contemporary evidence that most adults conjoined twins do not desire to be
separated, and that many operations are carried out on children too young, by individualizing them
at all cost which may result in a tragic event.
Most children born with challenging anatomies have their bodies changed because of what
physicians were forcing parents to believe there is no hope fundamentally. One of Us views
conjoined twins, as people living with unique anatomies, and considers these issues within the larger
historical context of anatomical politics. In the book, it spoke about a few conjoined twins that were
exploited by putting them on display and numerous exhibitions. Chang and Eng Bunker

Anesthesia for Conjoined Twins
Anesthesia for Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. The occurrence is estimated to
range from 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 births, with a somewhat higher occurrence in Southwest Asia
and Africa. [1] The condition is more frequently found among females, with a ratio of 3:1. [2] Many
are born with abnormalities incompatible with life. The overall survival rate for conjoined twins is
approximately 20%. [3]
Two contradicting theories exist to explain the origins of conjoined twins. The older theory is
fission, in which the fertilized egg splits partially. The second and more generally accepted theory is
fusion, in which a fertilized egg completely separates, but stem cells find like–stem cells on the
other twin and fuse the twins together. Conjoined twins share a single common chorion, placenta,
and amniotic sac, although these characteristics are not exclusive to conjoined twins as there are
some monozygotic, but non–conjoined, twins that also share these structures in utero. [4]
The term conjoined twinning refers to an incomplete splitting of monozygotic twins after 12 days of
embryogenesis. The delivered fetuses are physically joined at some point as a result. The point of
union is used to classify twins; the label used is the Greek word pagos, which means, "that which is
fixed."[4]
Thoraco–omphalopagus: Two bodies fused from the upper chest to the lower abdomen. These twins
usually share a heart, and may also share the

Reflection Of Life In Donald Miller's Big Fish
Donald Miller once said, "[In life, when] our story is over, when its final credits roll, we're left to
wonder: What did we do with ourselves? What was the meaning?" Edward Bloom from the film,
Big Fish, shows why we ask those questions and the importance of why we reflect on our lives and
separate the boring and insignificant from the exciting and significant. Edward shares what he
believes is important and incorporates that into his exigent and exciting life stories. His stories
stretch the truth and border on reality and imagination, making his son, William, wonder who his
father really is. Throughout the film, Edward comes across many people, places, and events that are
rare and sometimes even impossible to see. This includes a giant, conjoined twins, a witch who's
glass eye allows you to see how you die, and much more. Edward is clearly editing his life into
something more exciting, more worthwhile. Donald Miller describes in his nonfiction book, A
Million Miles in a Thousand Years, what it means to edit your life into a better, more exciting story
and what that says about your character and who you truly are as a person. Miller would argue that
Edward Bloom is a perfect example of reinventing yourself to make for a better story. Throughout
his stories, Edward includes details about the people he has met, the places he has been to, and the
events he has lived through, all of which are things that are difficult to believe. Because of this, his
son, William, often

Subject Verb Agreement: Agreement with Conjoined Subjects...
Agreement with conjoined subjects Agreement is complicated with subjects consisting of conjoined
NPs. In VSO
word order, the verb agrees only with the first conjunct. Which means that, the NP in
VSO is given a check feature of the first conjunct. Then the coordination template
checks for this feature. If it is found the whole conjunction is given the same features
as the first conjunct (Attia.2010).
‫الرسالة‬ ‫والولد‬ ‫البنت‬ ‫كتبت‬
Katabat albintu w–alwaladu al–risalta
Wrote.fem.sg.3 the–girl.fem.sg and–the–boy.masc.sg the –letter
On the other hand in sentences with SVO word order, the verb agrees with the
whole conjoined ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In English , it has the agreement markers just in the present tense with the use of the third person
singular –s.
4– The use of the verb' be' is different in English but Arabic do not have the verb ' be' and do not use
it to be between the noun or pronoun subject . So some Arabic learners leave out the verb 'be' in the
progressive tense because it does not exist in Arabic.
5– In Arabic, there is a repetition of the object, that occurs when the object of the verb is moved to
the initial part of the sentence. Its original position after the verb gets occupied by an object pronoun
otherwise, the sentence will be inconvenient . In English , this doesn't occur so, the object is not
stated twice in the sentence, its original place is always after the verb but if it is moved to the initial–
position , its position will be empty.
Here are some of the areas where English and Arabic subject verb agreement differs. Agreement
with Person:
Present Tense:
English Arabic The boy plays football . ‫القدم‬ ‫كرة‬ ‫الولد‬ ‫يلعب‬. Sahar plays with her sister. ‫أختها‬ ‫مع‬ ‫سحر‬ ‫تلعب‬.
Boys play at the street. ‫الشارع‬ ‫في‬ ‫األوالد‬ ‫يلعب‬. Girls play with each other. ‫بعضهم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫البنات‬ ‫تلعب‬. I play with
her. ‫معها‬ ‫ألعب‬ ‫أنا‬.

You always play . ‫ًا‬‫دائم‬ ‫تلعب–تلعبين‬ ‫انت‬
We play at the garden. ‫الحديقة‬ ‫في‬ ‫نلعب‬ ‫نحن‬
From the above given examples ,we can see that in English a verb changes it's form only when

Conjoined Judith Minty Summary
In the poem, "Conjoined" by Judith Minty the poet discloses her perspective on marriage. Although
the reader may presume that the poem may be a compassionate artwork over love, as the reader
analyze the poem they can see that it is about the cataclysmic cost of enduring vows. The poet
structures the poem with three different stanzas and emphasizes the use of symbolism: an onion, a
two–headed calf, and twin freaks chang and eng, diction, punctuation, and irony of the diction and
the title, each specifically in one or more stanzas for comparison to illustrates the poets view on the
mistake of putting a ring on it.
From the initialization of the first sentence the poet breaks from the stereotypical views the poem
establish with the title: presuming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author starts stanza three with a rhetorical question, "Do you feel the skin that binds us together
as we move, heavy in this house?", for the purpose of bringing back the symbol of onion and using
it now as a comparison to not only marriage but the poet's own sacrifices for marriage as she
endures the burden of it that is not revealed until after she has sealed her vows. After making
connections to stanza one in stanza three the poet connects stanza two and three, "To sever the
muscle" and "twins joined at the chest by skin and muscle", to once again correlate her entrapment
in marriage as if it were physically bound to her. The diction used in stanza two joined and sever in
stanza three to describe muscle helps the reader see the use of irony when using positive diction and
how later in the poem its connotative meaning is entrapment and not a binding connection, for the
poet wants to escape the skin that binds them. Even more, the poet acknowledges "To sever the
muscle could free one but might kill the other" illuminating the dreadful realization that she can
never be free from being captured by a ring. Finally the poet comes back to reality and understands
that "men don't slice onions in the kitchen, seldom see what is invisible" to show the poets
understanding of how man clearly lack the understanding of the ruins of marriage and how it is
more flexible for men to move on because of the stereotypical views during the time period of the
poem. The change in punctuation from more commas and a single period in stanzas one and two
changes in stanza three to periods and the change in pronouns such as it to we from stanza one and
two to three helps the reader see the change in perspective: to speaking in a broad term about
marriage and transitioning to the realization that she is trapped just like chang and eng

Conjoined Judith Minty Summary
Bridget Fernandez Mary Petersen English 102 16 September 2014 Conjoined by Judith Minty The
poem "Conjoined" was written by Judith Minty and published in 1937. She was born in Detroit,
Michigan and gradated from with her Master's in English from Western Michigan University in
1993. She then became the director of a Creative Writing Program at Humboldt State University.
She published several poems, and other writings that have been in over fifty anthologies and literary
magazines. Minty uses several literary elements to express amazing and vivid imagery and develop
the theme of an unhappy and broken marriage. Minty depicts this through the diction, metaphors,
and similes. Conjoined is made up of 15 lines separated into 3 stanzas. The first ... Show more
In the first line she draws a metaphor of a married couple from the joining of two onions under one
transparent onion skin. This metaphor is unique and surprising but shows the inseparability of a
marriage. She then goes on to describe it as a monster that is deformed which is a comparison to her
marriage. An example of how a simile is used to develop the theme further would be in line 5
through 6. A simile is a direct comparison of two unlike objects so this allows us the comparison to
be seen much more clearly by using the word like. In these lines she describes her marriage as "an
accident like the two headed calf rooted/ in one body fighting to suck at its mother's teats;/ or like
those other freaks, Chang and Eng." She is developing her theme further with this simile because
she is comparing her marriage to the two headed calf and the freaks who are two separate
individuals but they are stuck in one body just wanted to separate themselves. The comparison to the
calf is very important because by looking at the line closely she says, "fighting to suck at its
mother's teats." This comparison shows that each of them has to fight to survive. Feeding one calf
neglects the other and it makes them weak which could be threatening and restricting. Then the
comparison she draws with the famous Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, shows that she views
marriage as being

Conjoined Crime Elements
Elements of Crime There are three conjoined elements of crime: Mental State (Mens Rea), Conduct
(Actus Reus), and Concurrence.
Mental State (Mens Rea) is indicated as a mental element of a defendant's intent. This element is
only necessary when a crime is voluntary or on purpose. Mens rea refers to a mental fault meaning
the defendant's state of mind during the offense. Mens rea is the necessary component to prove if a
criminal act has been committed.
Conduct (Actus Reus) is required in all crimes that a criminal or unlawful omission of an act has
occurred in. These elements are completely based on the standards of proof. Therefore, a person
cannot be punished for criminal ideas but can be punished for criminals who act upon those ideas on
Legality
7. Punishment
8. Necessary Attendant Circumstances
Arguments used in Defending against a criminal indictment
1. I didn't do it
a. Innocent until proven guilty
i. Until proof is given to show that you are guilty you will remain innocent in the court of law.
b. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
i. A prosecutor must show the judge or jury that there is no reasonable doubt of your guilt.
c. I have an Alibi
i. This is used when someone has evidence that it wasn't them by showing where they were or when
they were with someone else at the time of the crime.
2. I did it but shouldn't be held responsible
a. Self– Defense
i. Used when someone is charged with some form of physical offense and states that they were the
victim rather than the aggressor.
b. Insanity Defense
i. This is used when someone blames their mental issues on the act of their crime.
c. Under the Influence Defense
i. This is used when someone was under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol and could not have
been in the right mental state to commit the certain crime.
d. Entrapment Defense
i. This is when an official induces you to commit a crime such as prostitution or drug sales.
e. Free Case Evaluation from a Criminal Defense

Twins
What would it be like to have a twin? This is a question people often ponder. People often say that
they see someone that resembles someone they already know. It is almost like dejavu. "Twin" comes
from the German word "twine" meaning "two together" (Nagy 1). Most people automatically think
of two people who look just alike when they hear the word "twin". However, there is a lot more to
twins than just looking alike. Twins are the most common type of multiple births. Many think there
are only two types of twins, identical and fraternal; they often leave out conjoined twins. Twins are
very unique and fascinating individuals because of their similarities biologically, physically, and
psychologically.
An author from the twin's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The overall survival rate for these twins is somewhere between five and twenty–five percent
(Sanders 2). This means that the majority of conjoined twins die within twenty–four hours of birth.
For the few who survive the traumatic beginning, surgical separation is often possible for conjoined
twins. The average survival rate after surgery is around forty–six percent (Sanders 2). This percent
depends greatly on the location of the attachment and the organs that are shared.
There is some controversy over the separation of conjoined twins. In some cases separation has
turned into a moral issue. A prime example of how dependent one twin is on the other is in the case
of the British conjoined twins, Jodie and Mary. Jodie was stronger and more capable than her sister.
Mary was weak and was only alive because she was attached to Jodie. However, Mary's weakness
would eventually make Jodie weak as well. The parents were burdened with a moral dilemma,
which would result with the loss of at least one child (Sanders 4). If Mary and Jodie were separated,
one would likely die. Some separations are more difficult to complete than others. Parents of
conjoined twins have to think about all of the factors before they proceed with a separation.
There are also factors to think about after separation. If both twins survive the separation, they may
still need an enormous amount of medical treatment throughout their life. In addition to medical
treatment, they will probably

Cinderella Research Paper
Cinderella is one of the most iconic fairy tales that come to mind. Everyone knows how the story of
Cinderella goes! Or do they? Many different countries around the world. There are many different
ways that this story has been told. I am going to show you the differences of how the story of
Cinderella is told from: France, Germany, and Norway in respective order and about their character,
plot, and setting.
First let's start off with the French version of the story. This version of Cinderella is very similar to
the version that people came to know. For characters you have Cinderella, the prince, The
stepmother, the stepdaughters, the father, and the godmother. Cinderella is the beautiful daughter
that is hardworking and kind to others. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The house has very nice beds for the stepdaughters and has a chimney corner. There is a garret
where Cinderella sleeps at with a straw bed. The house had very nice and up to date rooms but for
only the stepdaughter's to enjoy.
Now that the setting is done, next is the plot of the French version of Cinderella. The plot of the
story is that Cinderella's father was married to the stepmom who brought her stepdaughters to live
with Cinderella. Cinderella is then treated very poorly by the stepdaughters and is forced to work the
jobs that no one wants and then is forced to help her sisters get ready for a dance that she can not
attend. Cinderella is then visited by her godmother to help her go to the dance.
After the French version of Cinderella, the German takes Cinderella to a slightly more darker point
of view. The characters are Cinderella, Cinderella's mother, the stepmother, and the stepdaughters as
usual, but instead of a godmother, there are pigeons. Cinderella is just as beautiful and kind as she
usually is. The stepmother and the stepdaughters are there and as nasty as usual, but the
stepdaughters are beautiful as well and also are willing to cut off pieces of their feet so they can get
with the prince. Cinderella's mother is in the story but not for a long time since she dies early, but
she seems to care about Cinderella very

Genetic Disorders in Twins Essay
Twin studies have been used to distinguish between genetic and environmental factors for many
disorders in the general population including ectodermal dysplasia, Ellis–van Creveld, and
anencephaly. This review focuses on genetic disorders affecting monozygotic, dizygotic, and
conjoined twins to gain a better understanding of them. Many studies focus on twins because they
have a nearly identical genome, which eliminates environmental factors. In case studies, the
concordance rates in monozygotic twins have supported that certain disorders were caused by
genetics and not the environment. The discordant values in twins will also be evaluated briefly.
Twinning studies have also shown linkages between specific disorders and the genes ... Show more
Researchers have found that with certain genetic disorders that were known beforehand could be
prevented in some cases. Knowing the specific disorder allows scientists to take immediate action in
preventing future cases of individuals having the same disorder.
Currently, research as attempted to find the possible cause of twinning, which may allow individuals
the ability to have twins at will. If the cause of twinning was discovered than women may have the
ability to decide if they want to have twins One of the earliest accounts of conjoined twins include
the Thai brothers, Chang and Eng Bunker. These two individuals are famous for traveling with the
P.T. Barnum circus and were known by many as the Siamese twins. From these two individuals
came the coining of the term Siamese. In this present paper, various genetic disorders in
monozygotic, dizygotic, and conjoined twins will be carefully evaluated and reviewed in order to
gain a better insight on the complexity of twinning. In order to clearly understand the formation of
twins, the foundational knowledge of twinning must be analyzed. Beginning with the three common
types of twins, including monozygotic (identical), dizygotic (fraternal), and conjoined (Siamese).
Monozygotic twins occur from the division of one fertilized zygote (source*). Dizygotic twins occur
from the fertilization of two different zygotes by two separate sperm (source*). Conjoined twins
occur from the incomplete

Poetry Analysis: "Conjoined" vs "Most Like an Arch This...
Poetry Analysis: "Conjoined" versus "Most Like an Arch This Marriage"
People often dream of finding the perfect soul mate...a special someone with similar hopes and goals
for their future. They dream of someone to share the good and bad times with them. They dream of a
person that will love them unconditionally until death parts them. And although I seriously doubt
anyone has ever said the sacred marriage vows to another while believing the union would not last
forever, the high divorce rate shows that more and more, marriages are failing and separation is
highly probable. It's not clear why some marriages are successful and why some fail, but after
reading the two poems, "Most Like an Arch This Marriage" and "Conjoined", it's ... Show more
She writes about a terrible marriage where at least one of the partners is unhappy and she uses
similes, metaphors, and strong imagery to show that marriage can indeed be hell on earth.
"Conjoined" has a negative tone, stating that the partnership is "doomed" (Minty 8). And Minty
suggests that at least one of them feels they are trapped, and that they "cannot escape each other"
(15).
Considering the fact that Minty uses metaphors of comparing a marriage to an onion and monster
(1) and to an accident (5), I think it's clear that she believes being with the wrong partner can be
toxic. Could anything be worse than comparing a marriage to an onion...the one food that everyone
can agree on stinking? Or how about a monster? As kids, we grow up trying to keep them out from
under our beds and we are constantly scared of them getting to us and causing us harm. The same
could be said about her next comparison, the accident. I've never heard of a good accident. Trouble
almost always follows an accident, why would anyone want to compare their marriage to one?
It's just not clear what happened that changed her heart towards her spouse, but something surely
did, as she uses some pretty depressing similes throughout the poem as well. The "two headed calf"
(Minty 5), and Siamese twins, "Chang and Eng" (Minty 7) both bring negative images to mind as
the calf and twins are both freak acts of nature. They are hopelessly bound

Informative Essay On Ben Carson
One of my favorite movies when I was younger was "Gifted Hands ". It portrayed a struggling
young boy who overcame the difficulties he faced to later become one of the best neurosurgeons in
America. My hero is this man who used his time, energy, and smarts to save many people today; my
hero is the neurologist Benjamin Carson. His advances in neurology not only helped patients with a
variety of brain disorders, such as epilepsy or trigeminal neuralgia (condition in brain that causes
face pain), but was also the first surgeon to successfully separate conjoined twin. Despite his
troubled upbringings, he was resilient, hardworking, and showed goodwill which helped others in
more ways that he can imagine. Benjamin Carson had the trait of being resilient. Resilience is a very
notable trait because it allows you to get back on track after a setback, allowing room for growth
and progression. When Carson was younger, he lived with his older brother and single mother who
often worked 2–3 jobs at a time to make ends meet. His family was very poor and depended on ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ben Carson used his knowledge to help others; his goodwill allowed the brain medical field to
expand tremendously. Carson's surgical innovations include the famous conjoined twin separation,
the first intra–uterine procedure to relieve pressure on the brain of a twin, and removing a whole
hemisphere of the brain. Countless number of lives have been saved due to his motivation from his
goodwill. The motivation for these discoveries were to benefit the less fortunate ones. Ben Carson
did not study the brain to help himself, but others! This quality is so important because when we
have to intention to help others, the world will become a better place. By following Carson's
example, there can be even more discoveries that will help more than just medical issues. I
appreciate the advances Ben Carson has made in

Conjoined Twins: Two Individuals, One Body Essay
Conjoined Twins: Two Individuals, One Body
Conjoined twins are a rare form of identical twinning; one that carries many challenges with it, to
affected twins and their families. From the time of birth conjoined twins must struggle to survive
against physical and psychological difficulties. With the premium that current culture places on
independence and individuality, conjoined twins fight to find their place in society, meanwhile
demonstrating coexistence at the extreme. Parents and physicians are usually ultimately the
responsible parties for deciding if this coexistence will continue. As will be discussed, the decision
whether or not to separate conjoined twins remains tangled up in a web of argumentation, a debate
that even the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The exact cause of the delay in division is not known. Genetic and environmental conditions do not
appear to play a role in the development of conjoined twins.
Conjoined twins have been reported as twins in triplet and quadruplet sets, made feasible due to the
fact that some zygotic divisions may occur later than others. There are, however, no documented
cases of conjoined triplets or quadruplets (Gilbert, 1998). Interestingly, 70% of conjoined twins are
female, although monozygotic twins are more often male than female (Haaga, 2000). The root of
this sex difference is uncertain, but possible explanations include increased male vulnerability to
trauma, higher occurrence of delayed splitting in female zygotes, or because of the greater number
of males born as Turner Syndrome females (Segal, 1999).
The notoriety of conjoined twins is furthered by their low birth incidence. Conjoined twinning
occurs as often as once in every 40,000 births, but only once in every 200,000 live births (Gilbert,
1998). Even for those vigorous twins who make it past birth alive, only 65% survive past day one.
The still bleaker newborn survival rate fluctuates between 5% and 25% (Segal, 1999). Only an
estimated 300 conjoined twins in all of recorded history have lived past a few months of age (Grosz,
1996).
Considering that conjoined twins represent only a fraction of the world's population, it is

Informative Speech On Conjoined Twins
Have any of you ever heard of conjoined twins? It an occurrence that results in twins being
connected by their body parts. It may be rare but has happened to many women in the world, and
can happen to any woman around the world. Today, I am going to be informing you about conjoined
twins and explaining to you some things you might not know about them. I chose this topic because
it seemed very interesting to me, and I wanted to learn more about it. I've done research and selected
multiple sources to prepare for this speech.
First, I will be explaining what conjoined twins are. Second, I will be explaining the complications
and theories about conjoined twins. Finally, I will discuss treatment options and the chances of
survival for the twins.
First, I will explain what conjoined twins are. Conjoined twins occur when the bodies of twins
connect. Conjoined twins can be connected at many different body parts. They can be joined at the
head, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and more. Twins joined at the chest or abdomen is the most common,
making up 75 percent of all cases. Conjoined twins are mainly classified three ways while 75
percent are joined at the chest or abdomen, 23 percent are joined at the hips, legs or gentiles, and
two percent are joined at the head. It is estimated that conjoined twins occur once in every ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conjoined twins must be delivered by cesarean section. This means that the surgeons must cut
through the wall of the mother's abdomen to deliver the babies. (Mayo Clinic Staff) Many conjoined
twins pass away shortly after birth, while some of the twins that survive cannot qualify for
separation surgery. Separation surgeries rely heavily on the surgical team. There are two main
theories for why conjoined twins happen. One theory suggests that the egg divides late or does not
divide at all, and the other is that the egg divides completely but joins back together. ("Conjoined

What took 20 hours to complete, a set of twins, who were conjoined at the head, were separated on
October 14, 2016. "The 13–month–old boys, Jadon and Anias McDonald, were born with a
condition called craniopagus, which means they shared a portion of their skull and brain tissue."
(Rettner 2016) This condition is rare," making up only 2 percent of conjoined twin cases, the
University of Maryland says. The craniopagus–separation surgery performed on the McDonald
twins was the 59th sus surgery in the world since 1952, according to CNN. Conjoined twins occur in
about one out of every 200,000 live births, and many do not survive the first day of life, the
University of Maryland says. Researchers estimate that 40 to 60 percent of conjoined twins

Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins happen once in every 200,000 live births (Maryland). Conjoined twins are identical
twins whose bodies are joined in utero. Most are stillborn and others are born with severe
abnormalities that make living a normal life almost impossible. The survival rate of conjoined twins
is between 5 percent and 25 percent (Maryland). The most common form of conjoined twins is
thoracopagus twins. These types of twins share the same heart. Some of the other types of conjoined
twins include omphalopagus in which the twins are conjoined at the lower chest but no heart is
involved. Parasitic twins are when twins are asymmetrically conjoined. One twin is dependent on
the larger twin for survival. Another type of twin is the craniopagus twins ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most often one twin can survive but the other will die. The quality of life of the twins has to bad
enough that risking one life or possibly two will be worth it. There are also many reasons for
surgically separating conjoined twins. Conjoined twins often need to be separated in order to
survive. Separating the conjoined twins can help to save one or possibly both twins. It is also
allowing for one or both to have a normal, long life. Separation can guarantee survival for at least
one twin which seems to be the most beneficent. A good quality of life for at least one person seems
to outweigh a bad quality of life and possibly a shortened life of two conjoined persons. One ethical
principle relating to the issue is beneficence. Beneficence means to do what is good. Beneficence is
tough when it comes to the separation of conjoined twins because of the many issues that lie in the
decision. The beneficent principle goes hand in hand with the utilitarian theory which is making a
decision that brings about the most benefit to the most people. Both choices have beneficent aspects.
Keeping the twins conjoined is good for the parents of the children, the children, and anyone who is
close with them such as family and friends. It can make them happy and help them psychologically.
Separating the twins can be good for the parents and the twins if they survive and get to live a
productive and good life. It also

Nationwide Children's Hospital Case Study
Conjoined twins from Uganda were successfully separated after a 16–hour surgery last week in
Columbus, Ohio, the hospital said in a statement on Tuesday.
The 11–month–old twin girls Acen and Apio were connected at the hip and pelvic region. They are
expected to make a full recovery, according to the Nationwide Children's Hospital.
Two separate individuals
Three–dimensional modeling as well as intra–operative neurophysiological monitoring was used to
help the neurosurgeons divide their intertwined spines, muscles and tissues, said Dr. Gail Besner,
chief of pediatric surgery at the hospital. Plastic surgery covered the areas where they were
conjoined.
"My hope is that they will be able to sit up on their own, walk and play like any other child," Dr.
Besner said. "I can't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The twins and their mother, Ester Akello, arrived at the hospital in December. It's still not confirmed
when they'll be ready to go back home in Uganda.
"Given the breadth and depth of expertise of all of our specialists, we have the potential at
Nationwide Children's to take two patients who would never have been able to have a normal life as
they were before and make them into two separate individuals who, I expect, will have healthy and
normal lives," said Dr. Besner.
Separating Twins
Conjoined twins occur once in about every 200,000 pregnancies, and their survival is anything but
assured. The surgical separation of conjoined twins is an extremely delicate and risky procedure,
requiring extra precision and care.
This surgery marks the fourth operation since 1978 to separate conjoined twins. Statistics show that
the overall survival rate of children affected by this condition is somewhere between 5 percent and
25 percent, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. The decision to separate twins
is a serious one. Doctors must first carefully assess how the twins' shared organs function.
Stories of conjoined

The Standard View Of Pain Essay
Unfelt Pains
The standard view in both philosophy and the sciences treats pains as being unpleasant experiences:
Pains are thought to be phenomenal mental states with a particular type of phenomenal character–
ie., pains hurt. The standard view of pain has a number of implications, including that it rules out the
existence of unfelt pains (an unfelt pain would both lack phenomenal character and lack the specific
phenomenal character of hurting). The sole argument in support of the standard view is that it
corresponds with the common–sense conception of pain. In this paper we challenge this received
doctrine, and with it the standard view of pain, by presenting the results of a series of studies that
indicate that lay people tend to hold that unfelt pains are possible.
I
The standard view of pain holds that pains are phenomenal mental states (experiences) with a
particular type of phenomenal character (unpleasant). This view is reflected, for example, in the
definition given by the International Association for the Scientific Study of Pain: A pain is "an
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage."
And it is also clear in philosophical discussions. For instance, Kripke (1980, 152) asserts that
"pain... is not picked out by one of its accidental properties; rather it is picked out by the property of
being pain itself, by its immediate phenomenological quality." And, of course, this
phenomenological quality is that pains hurt.

What Are Conjoined Twins?
Conjoined twins are the least common type of pregnancies at one birth per 200,000 live births. Not
only are they uncommon, but they also don't always live. Approximately about 40–60 percent of
conjoined twins are born stillborn, born dead, and only 35 percent of conjoined twins live past the
first day. Conjoined twins are made when an egg tries to split into two in order to make identical
twins but it stops part way through splitting. When I think about it, quite honestly and oddly, I think
of when you microwave a hot dog and how it splits down the middle when it overheats. The hot dog
doesn't split all the way, and it doesn't always split in the same spot, but it generally splits part way.
Since conjoined twins are fertilized by the same sperm, and are from the same egg, they are
genetically identical and therefore they are always the same gender. Not only do they share the same
sex, but conjoined twins also share the same amniotic cavity and placenta. The amniotic cavity is a
These twins are joined at the heart and, because they are joined by the upper parts of their torsos, it
makes it nearly impossible to separate them depending on how close they are joined. The second
most common type of conjoined twins are omphalopagus twins. These conjoined twins make up 33
percent of conjoined cases and, while they rarely share a heart like thoracopagus twins, they
generally share a liver and gastrointestinal or genitourinary functions. This means that if one twin
has to use the bathroom, the other twin has to use the bathroom too. It also means that they share a
stomach and intestines. Though the thoracopagus and omphalopagus twins are the most common of
conjoined twins, the least common are craniopagus twins. These twins are joined at the cranium, the
head, and only form 2 percent of all conjoined

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