Boomilever

Boomilever
Boomilever Project
Team "Truss Me"
Amanda Resha
Ridge Coffman
ENGR 2110–01
Engineering Statics
November 24, 2014
Table of Contents
3 – Report 3 – Introduction 3 – Literary Review 3 – Frist Design 4 – Second Design 4 – Final Design 5 – Conclusion
6 – References
7 – Appendix
Introduction:The purpose of the Boomilever Project is to build a cantilevered truss that is light–weight while still able to support 15 kilograms. With
this project it serves to reinforce the cumulative concepts that have been taught throughout this semester of Engineering Statics. It has been necessary
to research designs, types of wood, and types of adhesive that will create a final result that is consistent with the ... Show more content on
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(See pages 7 and 10 for design and calculations) Second Design: After the analysis on the first design brought to light the zero for members, it was
decided that these members should be removed. In order to combat the flex of such a simple design the decision was made to double the thickness.
This design would have the same outer frame of two triangles with a height of 20 centimeters and a width of 40 centimeters. Instead of being
spaced five centimeters apart the wood be bonded directly together using Gorilla Glue. Balsa wood, a very lightweight wood with properties

similar to a dense foam, was used for the main supporting member. Basswood, a lightweight yet firm wood, was used for the horizontal member.
The final design added a triple layer sheet of balsa wood to rear side of the truss. This balsa sheet was added for the purpose of mounting and
supporting the main structure. Additionally, a five centimeter square frame of bass wood was added at the end of the boomilever to place the
loading block for testing. Once this design was implemented two key issues were discovered. First, due to the properties of the bass wood and balsa
wood it was obvious that the placement needed to be reversed. The bass wood should be used for the hypotenuse and the balsa wood should be used
for the
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AM 317 Experiment 1 Essay
AM 317
MECHANICS LAB
EXPERIMENT 1
BEAM DEFLECTIONS
TEST PERFORMED: FEBRUARY 4, 2015
REPORT SUBMITTED: FEBRUARY 11, 2015
BY
HAGOP MERTEKHANIAN
Student I.D # 105200288
Wednesday 7:00 pm
GROUP 1
ABSTRACT
Deflections of a beam are important to be able predict the amount of deflection for a given loading situation. This experiment addresses determining the
yield point for a material to fail, so the stress in the material does not have to reach to that point. This is where understanding beam deflection becomes
a useful tool. This experiment is using beam deflection theory to evaluate and compare observed deflection per load values to theoretical values. Beam
deflection experiment done by four parts. Part 1 –Simple Supported Bean, part ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(LB)
I–moment of inertia (IN4)
E– The modulus of elasticity.(Psi)
Ymax–amount of the deflection due to applied load (IN).
L–length of the beam.(IN) a– distance from beginning of the beam to the reference point (IN)
P–single applied concentrated load.(LB)
I–moment of inertia (IN4)
E– The modulus of elasticity.(Psi)
Ymax–amount of the deflection due to applied load (IN).

Test Procedures
Part 1– Simple Supported Beam
1. Calibrate the micrometer.
2. Measure the dimensions and record them.
3. Calculate area moment of inertia (I) using the equation–4
4. Calculate maximum permissible loads for mid–span using equation–3,where maximum stress = 18,000 psi
5. Calculate maximum permissible loads for quarter–span using equation–3, where maximum stress

Dental Bridge Procedures
If your teeth are stained, missing, chipped, or otherwise damaged, visit Sunrise Dental and ask your dentist about crowns and bridges in Raleigh,
Durham, Cary, and Chapel Hill, NC. These dental treatments are designed to help our patients look– and feel – their best. Contact us today to set up
an appointment.
What Are Dental Crowns & Caps?
Crowns often serve as a way of restoring strength and beauty to cracked, worn, and broken teeth, whether the result of teeth grinding, decay, age, or
improper bite. Crowns not only get rid of cosmetic issues on teeth by covering the entire surface of the affected tooth, but they also effectively
reinforce and stabilize the damaged or weakened areas.
Dental Crown Procedure
Creating and placing crowns ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cantilever bridge consists of an artificial tooth that is fused to two crowns on one side of the gap. The Maryland bonded bridge utilizes plastic
teeth and gums and metal wire. The metal support is bonded to the existing teeth to provide extra support for the artificial teeth and gums, which are in
turn fused to the metal wire. Implant–supported bridges are anchored into the mouth using – you guessed it – dental implants.
Dental Bridge Procedure
The procedure to place dental bridges first requires one of our dentists at Sunrise Dental to make molds or take digital impressions of the natural teeth
that will be supporting the crowns. The finished crowns are bonded to the artificial tooth, then cemented onto the appropriate teeth. We can help you
decide which bridge option is best for you based on your specific needs and circumstances.
Make An Appointment
You can schedule an appointment by calling one of our convenient locations. You can find their numbers here. You can also send us a message using
our online form. We will be happy to help you get the restoration you need to function properly once

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Hopper
CHAPTER 3: Implementation
3.1) Prototype
3.2) Construction and Working
In this machine, the hopper consists of mixture of the sand, cement and water is placed over the semi–open type radial impeller. The impeller is
connected with the electric motor through shaft. The power is supplied to the electric motor. Now appropriate quantity of slurry is fed to the impeller
through hopper. Now due to the rotation of impeller slurry is displaced by the application of centrifugal force & it will acts on the wall with required
velocity.
3.3) Components Semi–open type Radial impeller
Electric motor
Hopper
Handle
Casing
Bearings
3.4 ) Material selection
Components Materials
Semi–open type Radial impeller Aluminum, Titanium

Electric motor –
Hopper
Galvanized Iron Sheet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Improved worker health and safety through a reduction in the manual handling involved in the normally exhausting and repetitive plastering process.
Through introduction of innovative technology, the plastering trade will become a more attractive career choice. Improved plastering quality and
decreasing the plastering time.
Features of automatic wall plastering machine which overcome the limitations of existing machines:
There is no requirement of air compressor, pumps, and nozzles as compared with other machines. There is less maintenance is required because of
lesser number of components. Easy to operate even, Single worker can operate the machine. It is less expensive than existing machines. It will avoid
wastages of the mortar, thus to save the cost.
Disadvantages Process takes long time Consumes additional human power The labour cost increase skilled workers are required Low quality work
Wastage of material is high
4.2)

Essay about Physics Cantilever Lab
Independent Assessment Physics Lab (SL): Cantilever Flexion
Cherno Okafor
Mr. Ebrahimi
SPH4U7
October 21st, 2012
Introduction
Purpose: The purpose of this Physics Lab is to investigate what factors determine the amount of flexion of the cantilever. Hence, the objective is to
establish a relationship between the length of a cantilever, which may give some insight into the physics of cantilevers.
Hypothesis: If one increases the length of a cantilever, one would expect there to be an increase in deflection/flexion of the cantilever. Similarly, if one
increases the mass of the load, one would expect there to be an increase in the deflexion/flexion of the cantilever. In addition, I predict that
proportionality will also occur ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Dependent Variable: The deflection/flexion of the cantilever in metres. This will be measured indirectly by measuring the initial height of the bottom
of the cantilever with no mass added (which is equal to the height of the table) and the new height of the bottom of the cantilever after each trial, which
will be measured with mass added. Hence, the difference between these heights is equal to the deflection/flexion of the cantilever. The material and
other physical properties of the cantilever will be controlled by using the same yardstick as a cantilever for each trial.
Data Collection and Processing
My experiment is divided into two parts; experiment A (involving the relationship between flexion and the mass of the load) and experiment B
(involving the relationship between the flexion and the length of the cantilever).
Below are two tables in which I have recorded the data which I obtained during the experiment. The first table reflects the Relationship between the
deflection/flexion of the cantilever and the mass of the load and the second table reflects the relationship between the flexion of the cantilever and the
length of the cantilever.

Analysis Of Column 7L
During the initial site walk, cracking was observed on the north corbel of column 7B, as labeled on the 2014 structural drawings for the site. During
the renovations in 2014, steel columns were added in the vicinity of the B line of columns in this area of the structure. Given that these new columns
may have been added to take additional stresses caused by the renovations and/or additions, observation of the deteriorated conditions of this corbel
warranted additional investigation of other corbels in the area. This was not part of the original scope of work, but TKW has observed and reported
on the condition of some of these corbels as a courtesy to the client.
The first corbels inspected were at column 7B. Both the north and south ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From this position, the northern corbel at column 5B appears to have similar conditions compared to column 6B. A significant portion of the corbel
has fallen off and is lying on top of the CMU wall in that area (Figure 26). The bearing conditions look similar to column 6B, but exact measurements
were not possible. The condition of the beam bearing on the corbel was not visible, but padding for bearing can be seen in the location.
At column 4B, the northern corbel has cracked significantly at one corner of the corbel (Figure 27). The cracked portion is hanging from the corbel
by a small section of concrete at the top of the corbel. Due to spatial constraints, measurements could not be made, but the section of concrete hanging
from the corbel appears to be about ВЅin thick. Small pieces of concrete were found on the ground in this area, suggesting that the corbel is slowly
deteriorating. Bearing pads appear to be in use on the southern corbel only, which shows no signs of deterioration.
The northern corbel at column 3B is beginning to crack along one of its corners (Figure 28). Spatial constraints did not permit actual measurements, but
the crack appears to be 0.012in – 0.025in wide. Due to the presence of drywall in the area, it is difficult to gauge the depth of the crack as the
attached drywall could be helping to holding the concrete in place. The southern corbel does not exhibit any signs of deterioration. Bearing pads
appear to be utilized on both corbels.

Hba1c Lab Report
Bio–nanomechanical Detection of Diabetic Marker HbA1c Introduction–: In the blood stream are the red blood cells, which are made of a molecule,
haemoglobin. Glucose sticks to the haemoglobin to make a 'glycosylated haemoglobin' molecule, called haemoglobin A1C or HbA1C. The more
glucose in the blood, the more haemoglobin A1C or HbA1C will be present in the blood. Red cells live for 8 – 12 weeks before they are replaced. By
measuring the HbA1C it can tell us how high our blood glucose has been on average over the last 8–12 weeks. In a normal non–diabetic HbA1C is
less than 5.5%. Diabetes may be defined as having an HbA1c > 48mmol/mol (6.5%). Slide 2 пЃ¬Method–: пЃ¬The method employed the development
of an ultrasensitive immunosensor

Ib Physics Ia
IB Physics Internal Assessment
Andy Tang
Research Question
In this internal assessment, I am given a cantilever to find the physical properties of it. I decide to investigate the relationship between the force I act
on one side of the cantilever and the maximum acceleration the tail can reach. This experiment will be also showing the elasticity of the cantilever.
Since I pull down one side of it and fixed the other side, when I cut the string, it will bounce up and down until all the internal energy is depleted.
Text books
Newton meter
Accelerometer
Equilibrium line
Materials 1) A piece of cantilever that is made by acrylic plastic (length:35.2cmВ±0.1; Width:4.0cmВ±0.1; thickness:0.2cmВ±0.1) 2) An accelerometer
(sensor; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By considering the formula: Ep=kx2/2, when x (the displacement caused by deformation) cannot be changed any more, the potential energy will not be
changing. When there is no more energy added into the system, the acceleration will not change.
Raw Data Table Force (NВ±0.05)| Acceleration (ms^–2)(В±0.2)| | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| | max| min| max| min| max| min| 0.75 | 22.3 |–18.5 | 21.2 |
–15.3 | 25.7 | –26.1 | 1.00 | 40.6 | –36.3 | 36.9 | –42.5 | 35.6 | –35.2 | 1.25 | 48.7 | –43.4 | 46.6 | –37.2 | 40.7 | –39.3 | 1.50 | 52.7 | –55.6 | 52.0 | –41.7 |
49.1 | –45.9 | 1.75 | 55.3 | –52.7 | 57.3 | –53.0 | 50.2 | –48.3 | 2.00 | 64.7 | –57.5 | 66.8 | –55.0 | 65.6 | –56.1 | 2.25 | 69.8 | –59.7 | 67.3 | –61.2 | 65.3 |
–63.2 | 2.50 | 78.0 | –63.8 | 68.0 | –63.8 | 64.3 | –62.8 | 2.75 | 74.7 | –63.8 | 83.8 | –63.8 | 83.7 | –63.2 | 3.00 | 83.8 | –63.8 | 83.1 | –63.8 | 83.6 | –63.8 |
Force uncertainty: The least count of the Newton meter that I used is 0.25N. Although the interspace of each scale is wide enough for me to determine,
I was not able to control the tension force which I act on the Newton meter. This created the uncertainty of the force measurement. By noticing the
fluctuation of the indicator, I estimate the uncertainty of the force is about 0.05N.
Acceleration uncertainty: The data of the acceleration were

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bridge
This report aims to examine the advantages and shortcomings of four different types of bridge, namely the truss, suspension, beam, and cantilever
bridges. Secondly, it evaluates three forces that act upon these bridges г…Ў compression, tension, and shear г…Ў and how each kind of bridge handles
the forces. Lastly, it includes a explanation of the TacomaBridge incident and a description of the author's bridge.
Since tension, compression, and shear are to be discussed for each kind of bridge, here are definitions for those forces. Tension acts to expand or
lengthen the thing upon which it is acting (Basics). Compression, the opposite of tension, is a force that attempts to compress or shorten whatever it is
acting upon (Basics). Another force, shear, occurs when two forces move in opposite directions on the bridge (Discovery). ... Show more content on
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In the middle parts of these bridges, there is only one side support, making it weaker than other sections of the bridge (NYLN). On this type of
bridge, tension and compression are the main forces. When there is a load, the bridge experiences tension in the upper part of the cantilever span
and compression in the span under the deck (Hagler). As long as these forces remain balanced, the bridge functions well, but, for example, if the
compression force becomes more than the tension force, then the lower supports of the bridge could collapse (Hagler). Though not as prominent a
force, shear still acts upon cantilever bridges when a load passes along the "suspended deck;" since the deck is not supported by a beam underneath
and has only one side support, it is the weakest point of the bridge (Hagler). The load, in addition to gravity, pushes downward while the beams on
either side of it push back upwards; the cantilever of the bridge distributes this force on the deck so that it does not collapse

How Technology Has Changed The World Today
In this research paper i will be talking about bridges and their importance to the world today. I will also go into detail on how bridges were in the
past and how the first bridges were made by nature. I will compare bridges from the past to how technology has changed the way bridges are built
today in the modern era. The more we advance in technology the more ca–pabilities we have too make bridges that support so much more weight. As
the improvements are made bridges are just becoming safer and more reliables. I will mention 5 different kinds of bridges the beam bridge, arch bridge,
cantilever bridge,cable stayed bridge, and the suspension bridge. I will go into depth on how each one of these bridges it's designed and the purpose of
that certain bridge.
Bridges
Bridges they come in many different shapes and sizes every bridge has a purpose and is unique in it's own way. A bridge is a structure that provides a
passageway over obstacles such as rough terrain, valleys or bodies of water by stretching across these obstacles. There are many dif–ferent kinds of
bridges and they all serve a purpose. A lot of people rely on a bridge on a daily basis and they have to put their faith in the engineer that designed the
bridge and hope that the bridge is safe. I will go into detail about the origins of bridges, the different types of bridges, and how shapes help support the
structure of the bridge.
Origins of Bridges
Bridges have been in existence since

Deflection Of Cantilever Beam Lab Report
INTRODUCTION: The study of large deflection of cantilever beam comes from theory of elasticity. Theory of elasticity state that "solid material
will deform under the application of an external force it will again regain their original position when external force is removed is referred to as
elasticity". We took beam made of nickel titanium alloy which regain their original shape after removing external force act on the beam. It's a prismatic
circular cross section beam. Initial shape and curvature of nickel titanium alloy depend upon its length and self–weight of the beam large deflection of
combined loading was proposed by kyongoo lee [1] finding deflection of non–linear elastic cantilever beam and solved governing equation using
numerical integration of one– parameter shooting method. Bishop and drucker [2] investigate large deflection of cantilever beam of linear elastic
material. We are using nitinol (nickel titanium alloy) beam it's having a low modulus ofelasticity (E) which shows good spring back behavior which
regain its original shape after removing external load. Who's bending stiffness is low compared to other material like stainless steel. Due to this
property at very low external load large deflection take place in the beam. We are going to find the deflection in... Show more content on
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This bending moment equation was only valid when the entire point load is in same direction. In this paper we are dealing about single segment
continuum robot and the load experienced on each disk are dependent upon load provided at end disk through secondary back bone and the direction
of each disk was also depend upon end point load direction. Important assumption p>p1>p2>p2>p3..........>pn point load pat free end of the beam must
be greater than p1 which is present next to point load at distance L1 same will be followed to one

The Surface Stress on the Microcantilever
Mapped meshes are made according to requirements as it gives user control over size and shape and deformation of the mesh in all regions The surface
stress on the microcantilever surface can be calculated from the observed microcantilever deflection using Stoney's equation Where О”Пѓs is the
differential surface stresses on the surface of the microcantilever, is the Young's modulus, is the Poisson's ratio r and h are the radius of curvature and
thickness of cantilever beam respectively.For a two–layer piezoresistive microcantilever, the relationship between the surface stress and the relative
change in resistance в€†R/R for a piezoresistor is given by Where 1, 1 are the Young's modulus and thickness of the polysilicon while 2, 2 are the
young's modulus and thickness of piezoresistive, whereas T is the distance from bottom to top of the microcantilever beam that contain the
piezoresistive and is the gauge factor of piezoresistive sensor, although above equation applies when polysilicon and piezoresister both are different
here [4]. The surface stress associated with the deflection of micro cantilever is commonly calculated using Stoney's formula, which is simply relates
an induced substrate curvature to a surface stress. Piezoresistive microcantilever deflection process involves the embedded of a piezoresistive material
such as doped polysilicon on the top surface of the microcantilever to measure the stress change, while the microcantilever beam deflects a stress

Trends Of Energy Harvesting : Introduction
Trends of Energy Harvesting
Introduction
Wireless sensor network
Wireless sensor networks are the networks that gather information such as environmental information, which there are numbers of applications of WSN
such as healthcare, building monitoring, forest fire, smart home etc. WSN is capable of sensing, processing and communicating independently.
However, as most of the sensor nodes are powered by non–rechargeable battery, the limitation ofenergy supply has considerably reduced the lifetime of
the sensor network. Hence, new designs of sensor node network and energy efficient MAC (Media Access Control) and protocols for long term
autonomous monitoring wireless sensor network has become the next vision.
The designing of WSN has become more and more challenging, as the size of the nodes kept shrinking and the need of reducing power consumption.
Duty cycle allows the node to gather data and transmit with less energy consumption, but sometimes that also inducted delays. A higher current will be
drawn by the sensor node when it is awake, hence duty cycle has been introduced to reduce the energy consumption of the node. An average ultralow
power microcontroller consumes 51ОјA/MHz in transceiving mode and 0.5ОјA in standby mode. Some WSN monitor slow environment changes
which only require a low duty cycle and hence a power requirement. For those applications, the WSN nodes can be in sleep mode for most of the time
and only wakes up when it is scheduled to transmit/receive

Physics : Atomic Force Microscopy
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY 1. Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a type of scanning probe
microscope (SPM). An AFM uses a cantilever with a probe to scan over a sample's surface. The probe is a sharp tip (3 to 6 пЃm pyramid; 15 to 40 nm
end radius) such as the one shown in Fig. 1. As the tip of the AFM approaches the surface, at close range, attractive forces between the sample
surface and the tip of the AFM causes the cantilever to deflect towards the surface. As the cantilever moves close to the surface, when the tip tends to
make contact with it, increasingly repulsive forces take over and causes the cantilever to deflect away from the surface. A laser beam is used to detect
cantilever movements towards or away from the surface. The laser beam is reflected back from the cantilever to a position–sensitive photo diode
(PSPD). The deflections due to the interaction between the tip and the sample's surface causes slight changes in the angle with which the laser beam
reflects off the cantilever as shown in Fig. 2. This change in the angle of reflected beam is detected by the PSPD. Thus, if the tip passes over a
depression on the sample, the resulting deflection of the cantilever causes a change in the angle and direction at which the laser beam reflects from the
cantilever to the PSPD. AFM uses a feedback loop to continuously control the position of the tip (Fig. 3). By controlling the tip, an accurate surface
imaging and topographic

How The Right Type Of Retaining Wall ( Full Cantilever,...
Aims of the essay
In civil engineering, and more accurately in geotechnical engineering, it can appear that not only one technical solution fits the main design conditions.
It's in these situations that the judgement and experiences of engineers are valuable to find out the technical solution which matches perfectly in terms of
cost, time, risks and sustainability. This engineering discussion aims to provide a good understanding on how the right type of retaining wall (full
cantilever, free or fixed earth support) can be made. Introduction of the three different designs:
To begin, a quick introduction of the different type of design which gives an overview of the design conditions and outcome of the three different types
of design discussed in this essay.
Full Cantilever: o Design conditions:
– No anchor, tie or bracing.
–
– o Outcome: –Highest section modulus
–Deepest penetration
Fixed Earth Support: o Design conditions: –An anchor, tie or bracing providing support in the wall. – – o Outcome:
–The minimum section modulus
–Second deepest penetration
–The lowest tie force
Free Earth Support: o Design conditions:
–This method assumes that there is an anchor, tie or bracing providing some support in the wall.
–
– o Outcome: –Second highest section modulus
–The shallowest depth of penetration
–The highest tie force

Economic, Time & Programme considerations
First of all, engineers must consider the cost of technical solutions used very

The Physics Of Atomic Force Microscopy
Abstract
Atomic Force Microscopy was the method used to analyze samples inorder to identify their surface composition and determine their top structure.
Compiled data was used to calculate the roughness of the sample. Introduction
Atomic Force Microscopy is a powerful tool used to identify the surface structure of a solid by contouring the top layer with a sharp tipped probe and
amplifying the hills and troughs via laser reп¬‚ection and detection. Piezoelec–tric materials are used to п¬Ѓnely tune the x and y distance parameters,
and a harmonic oscillator is utilized in close contact mode to move the cantilever in the z direction. AScanning Probe Microscopy program processes
the data and calculates the roughness of the sample
Background
Gustav Schmalz designed the first Optical Profiler in 1929 in Germany. He ran a probe attached to a cantilever across the surface, shined white light
to a mirror attached to the probe, and amplified the signal to photographic film. The film was exposed to the reflected light of various wavelengths,
causing multiple colors to show up on the film, corresponding to varying heights on the surface. This older design was subject to possible bending or
crashing of the probe, causing a much lower resolution of the surface on the film. Refer to Figure 1.

Truss Bridges Research Paper
Truss bridges have been around for a long time. I see truss bridges the most out of all the different types of bridges and to me it seems like the most
popular type of bridge. In addition there are thirty different types of Truss bridges which means that there is a bigger variety of Truss Bridges instead
of just having one type. Truss bridges have triangular shaped beams that go all across the bridge. The bridge also is above the roadway instead of under
the roadway like the arch bridge. Truss bridges could also stretch very far. The longest cantilever Truss bridge that goes is called Crescent City
Connection and it is 13,418 feet long with a width of 52 feet. There is also a really long Truss bridge that is near Hoboken, the name of the bridge

Rotary Card File
Rolodex Rotary Card File When Arnold Neustadter created the Rolodex Rotary Card File he accomplished more than good functional design but
created an aesthetically simple way to effectively to store a surplus of information. Despite the technological revolution allowing for digital file
storing on computers, hard drives, cellphones, and even the cloud, the Rolodex has continued to be a popular and important design object intrinsic to
middle class civilians and American businesses. In part, this is due to social cachet and the tactile nature of the Rolodex. The Rolodex was a practical
design solution to peripatetic middle class families. "Between 1948 and 1970, an estimated 20 percent of all Americans moved each year" so having
disposable cards to change addresses and phone numbers when someone moved... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Rolodex has continued to thrive even through the computer revolution because overtime the Rolodex became associated with appeal and success
due to the visual representation of the number of contacts you have or what important contacts you have. "A lot of secretaries still keep it on the desk
[because the supposedly] don't want to interrupt their software programs," but it seems plausible that an element of esteem and importance are still
associated with having a large Rolodex on your desk. Another aspect to the longevity of the Rolodex is the tactile nature of the design. The process of
touching, feeling, spinning, the Rolodex requires human contact to function but simultaneously documents and facilitates human contact. This same
tactile experience is part of the reason consumers still purchase books, play vinyals, and use analog cameras despite the technological advancements
occurring year after year. Furthermore, the Rolodex is a design that is still inherent in suburban culture due to its linger social cache and desirable tactile

Unit 11 Bridge Building Project
Bridge Building Project
By Maryum Sheikh Hi, my name is Maryum and the bridges that I researched about are the Golden Gate Bridge, the Batman Bridge, the Auckland
Harbor Bridge, the Bixby Creek Bridge, and the Quebec Bridge.
First, I would like to tell you about the Golden Gate Bridge. I'm pretty sure many of you may know about this bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is a
suspension bridge and was built in San Francisco, California in 1937. The Golden Gate Bridge spans or crosses the Golden Gate strait which is a
mile wide and 3 miles long. The weight of the roadway is hung from 2 cables that pass through two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end.
Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. There are 80,000 miles of wire in the main cables. These cables help support the bridge because of the
big distance. The bridge also has approximately 1,200,000 total rivets. So my opinion about the bridge is that it is a very well made bridge and it also
has a very good design.
The second bridge I will be talking about is the Batman Bridge. The Batman Bridge is a cable–stay bridge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Quebec Bridge is a cantilever bridge with the structure of a riveted steel truss. The Quebec Bridge was built in Quebec City in Canada in 1917.
The Quebec Bridge spans or crosses the Saint Lawrence River. The Quebec Bridge failed twice and the cost was of 88 lives. The bridge was
successfully made in 1917 after the 2 attempts. The Quebec Bridge is 987 m long, 29 m wide, and 104 m high. The cantilever arms are 177 m long
and support a 195 m central structure, for a total span of 549 m the Quebec Bridge is still the longest cantilever bridge span in the world. It was the
all–categories longest span in the world until the Ambassador Bridge was completed in 1929. It is the easternmost complete crossing of the Saint
Lawrence River. My opinion about the Quebec Bridge is that it is very well made bridge and is pretty

The Truss Bridge By David Plowden
Truss bridge
By the early twentieth century the truss bridge reflected many of the qualities of America 's industrial society: mass manufactured, steel–made,
practical and unglamorous, sturdy and dependable, cost–competitive, and highly versatile. Such structures were wrote by David Plowden in his
splendid Bridges: The Spans of North America, "appropriate icons to our industrialization." For the developing state of Oklahoma, steel trusses held
symbolic value too, for they provided tangible proof to a wider world of economic possibilities.
The Principle upon that the triangle is the strongest and most rigid engineering shape. By arranging the framework of triangles in patterns that change
from design to design, the structure acquired different appearances and served different targets depending on the needs of bridge building. The pony
truss is the smallest type and usually limited to lengths under 140 feet. It is distinguished by its low profile and absence of bracing above the roadway
with most under 100 feet. The through truss by comparison is greater in length and height and consists of a tunnel–like structure that carries traffic
through a system of overhead bracing which ties together the upper chords of the bridge. In the initial stages of it's evolution, the truss takes the form
of a king post a simple triangular shape, usually composed of timber with iron hardware, divided by a single vertical post connecting top and bottom
chords. You can make the Warren truss

Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Period of...
Investigation of the factors affecting the period of vibration of a weighted cantilever Introduction The aim of the experiment is to find out how the
period T of vibration of a weighted cantilever depends on the vibrating length L. Hypothesis: Assume the relationship between the vibrating period T
and vibrating length L is in accord with the equation: T=kLn, where k and n are both constant values. According to the hypothesis, the vibrating period
T and vibrating length L is a linear relationship, so we take logarithms on both sides of the equation. Then, we can get a new equation, which is shown
as the following: logT=logkпј‹nlogL Variables: In this experiment, the independent variable is L, the length of vibration. The... Show more content on
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The result is shown in the following table. Table 5– logarithm of average time T and uncertainty |Logarithm of length (L/m) |Logarithm of the average
time (t/s) |uncertainty | | | | | |–0.52 |0.301В±0.022 |В±0.022 | |–0.46 |0.408В±0.009 | | |–0.4 |0.486В±0.007 | | |–0.35 |0.549В±0.006 | | |–0.3
|0.609В±0.006 | | |–0.26 |0.667В±0.005 | | After getting the values logarithm of the average time with the uncertainty, I use Microsoft Excel to plot this
equation. Figure 1– log L VS log T [pic] Refer to Figure 3, we can

Spirometer Research Papers
Abstract–This paper presents a new approach towards the development of a spirometer–on–chip device for point–of–care (PoC) diagnostics. The
proposed device consists of a cantilever based airflow sensor fabricated through a Multi–User MEMS process (MUMPS). The deflection of each
cantilever beam is measured using capacitive electrodes integrated on a single semiconductor chip. These electrodes are connected to an off–chip
custom–made readout interface circuit for the measurement of minute capacitive changes and for the acquisition of data into a computer. Herein, we
discuss and demonstrate the characterization results of such a system using a low complexity air–based technique. Additionally, we demonstrate the
applicability of these devices... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fundamentally, this ushers the opportunity to realize a single chip capable of replacing an entire diagnostic system present in contemporary clinical
laboratories or hospitals. Among various clinical applications, the focus of this paper is placed on the development of a novel spirometer for lung
disease sensing purposes. Lung diseases such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COP) disease affect the airways and cause inabilities to
exhale normally. A spirometer is the most reliable tool for lung disease and with 100 million sufferers approximated worldwide [9] has the potential to
improve care for significant numbers. Commercially available spirometers for measuring complicated lung functions are bulky, expensive and not
suitable for PoC lung disease monitoring. Also the available spirometers in the market require disposable parts. Indeed the development of a mobile
free–breathing easy–to–use spirometer for frequent (e.g. daily) measurement of lung status is the key challenge to diagnosis and control of the disease
in its early stages. To date many papers have reported the design and implementation of micro–sensors for airflow or air–velocity measurement using
micromachining techniques [10–11]. Among these, Chen et al. reported the design and implementation of an array of hot–wires

Ap Psychology Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Bending
Bending: Bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied
perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element.
Bending stress: Bending stresses are those that bend the beam because of beam self–load and external load acting on it.
Beam is a structural member which is subjected to transverse load only.
Support and its types
Support is important aspect of structure while solving any any problem , support specify that how the forces within structure is transffered to the
ground. It ultimetly tells us the boundary conditions while solving any finite element model.various supports are Fixed support–A fixed support is the
most rigid support. It constrains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beam and max deflection of beams:
Beam typeLoading on beamMaximum deflection on beam
Cantilever Beam with load P at the free end пЃ¤_max= (P l^3)/3EI
Cantilever Beam with UDLпЃ¤_max= (w l^4)/(8 EI)
Simply Supported beam with load P at the centreпЃ¤_max= (P l^3)/(48 EI)
Simply Supported beam with UDL пЃ¤_max= (5w l^4)/(384 EI)
Types of load– two types of loads are given below Workshop 6 beam with all cases
Pure bending is a condition of stress where a bending moment is applied to a beam without the presence of axial, shear or torsional forces.
Theory of simple bending(Assumptions) Material of beam is homogenous and Isotropic, Constant E in all direction Youngs Modulus will be constant
in compression and tension. Transverse sections which are plain before bending remains plain after bending i.e eliminate strains in other directions.
Initially beam is straight and all longitudinal filaments bend in circular arcs. Radius of curvature is larger compared with the Dimension of the cross
section. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract otherwise they will generate internal

Nanorobots in Cancer Treatment
NANOINFORMATICS (Nano robots In CANCER Detection and Treatment) A DREAM COME TRUE [pic] PREPARED BY
B.BALAGURUD.MANIGANDAN III–YEAR–CSEIII–YEAR–CSE panditbalaguruji@gmail.commanigandan8228@gmail.com
96557293579626083389 ABSTRACT HEALING THE BODY FROM THE INSIDE OUT CANCER–one of the most deadly diseases which primarily
starts at the cellular level. To be more specific they start at the molecular level. At this molecular level, even the finest scalpel is like a huge instrument
designed more to rip and tear than to heal and cure. The traditional methods that are available today to detect and treat cancer damages many of... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[pic] NANOMEDICINE: The emerging field of nano robotics is aimed at overcoming the shortcomings present in the traditional way of treatment of
patients. The medicine and nano robotics polls within the purview of nanotechnologies. Our bodies are filled with intricate, active molecular structures.
When those structures are damaged, health suffers. Modern medicine can affect the work of the body in many ways. Molecular manufacturing can
construct a range of medical instruments and devices with greater abilities machines. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION OF NANOROBOTICS AND
NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN PATIENT CARE: The enormous potential in the biomedical capabilities of nano robots and the imprecision and side
effects of medical treatments today make nano robots very desirable. Traditional medical treatment for cancer involves вћў Surgery вћў Drug Therapy
SURGERY: Surgery is a direct, manual approach to fixing the body. Surgery is dangerous since anesthetics, infections, organ rejection and missed
cancer cells can all cause failure. DRUG THERAPY: It affects the body at the molecular level. Drug molecules are dumped into the body where they
are transported by the circulatory system. They may come into contact with un–targeted parts of the body and lead to unwanted side effects. But

design of cable stayed bridge
Analysis and Design of Cable Stayed Bridge
Abstract
Of the newly–built bridges, cable–stayed bridges are today very common worldwide for spans ranging between 200 and 900 meters. A cable stayed
bridge has one or more towers (Pylons) from which the cables support the deck. This paper provides modelling, analysis and design of a prestressed
harp type single pylon cable stayed bridge using MIDAS Civil.
Keywords: cable stayed, box girder, prestressing, MIDAS Civil
Introduction
Of the newly–built bridges, cable–stayed bridges are today very common worldwide for spans ranging between 200 and 900 meters. A cable stayed
bridge has one or more towers (Pylons) from which the cables support the deck.
There are two major classes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pedestrian live load(PLL)–
The foot path loading shall be as per clause 209 of IRC:6 with intensity of loading equal to 500 kg/mВІ.
Wind load for cable stayed bridge:
According to IS:875 (part 3)–1987
Wind loads on live loads (WL)–
The lateral wind force against moving live loads shall be considered as acting at 1.5 m above the roadway and shall be assumed equal to 300 kg/m.
Creep and Shrinkage(C &S)
Creep and shrinkage effects to be considered as per CEB–FIP code for cable stayed bridge
Earthquake loads
Rajasthan is located in seismic zone II. The horizontal seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction will be calculated by IS 1893:2002
Construction loads:
Normal vertical loads–
A construction load of 50 kg/m2 shall be considered during cantilever erection.
Weight of the traveler form is assumed to be equal to 85 tons.

An impact of 10 % shall be considered for the moving construction loads.
MIDAS MODEL of box:(Half span)
Loadings:
Results and discussions:
Fz
My
Deflection
Results and discussions
Various results for bending moment and
References
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (Third Edition, 2005 Interim Revisions);
AASHTO – Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design ( 2nd edition – 2000);
AASHTO – Guide Specifications for Design & Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges (1999);
IRC:6–2000 Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section II, Loads & stresses (4th

Biomems Devices Are Manufactured Using Similar...
BioMEMS devices are manufactured using similar microfabrication techniques as those used in semiconductor processing (such as photolithography,
thin–film deposition and etching ) to produce the desired configuration of features, including traces (thin metal wires), vias (interlayer connections),
reservoirs, valves, and membranes. The interest in BioMEMS is growing rapidly, with opportunities in areas such as biosensors, pacemakers,
immunoisolation capsules, and drug delivery [31]. Microcantilever is one of the most widely studied bioMEMS in the area of biosensors. It converts
surface–based biochemical interactions into mechanical signals. In particular, when biomolecules immobilized on the cantilever surface undergo
intermolecular reactions, such as antibody–antigen interaction [32], hybridization of DNA interaction [33], receptor–ligand [34]; their conformational
change causes a change in the surface stress on the cantilever due to reduction decrease in free energy. The deflection of the cantilever induced by the
surface stress change provides a direct measure of the biomolecular interaction. For instance, the steady–state cantilever deflection can indicate the
fraction of immobilized biomolecules that have bound to free analytes in solution, while the time to reach steady–state reflects the rate constant of the
specific binding [35]. When one surface of the cantilever undergoes a surface stress change, the cantilever bends accordingly upward or downward
depending on

Cheap Patio Umbrella
Cheap Patio Umbrella – A patio umbrella may really cost effective approach liven up your yard and complement your experience. Think about it, so
what can you purchase for under $100 that may do the same? Maybe you have invested over a wonderful deck or patio set collection. Perhaps you
have a share with ornaments and wonderful poolside chairs. Oh, this indicates you've the entire outside experience in order. Maybe, but have you
forgotten regarding the water and the sun? These expected forces of character may ruin a nice tiny exterior gathering– a lot of sunshine and nonstop
either burn or sweat, and everything is only ruined by rains. Outdoor Umbrella Sure, an outdoor umbrella is not a roof. It might not pass as a small
gazebo. But umbrella is umbrella. Not or recognize it, those amazing small gadgets give us with temporary protection. Expand threefold or those
ingenious tiny units twofold and you shelter just as folks. As well as their obvious attributes that were sheltering, some contemporary types have built
method for tilting rods which means you is now able to aim how you stop the sunlight. There is an outdoor umbrella normally based above an outdoor
patio fixed–a desk with maybe more or three chairs. It can be a semi–permanent... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Much of this is determined by your home's present design cues. However, because of the numerous designs available, it's extremely hard not to find
the one that matches your home. Color and structure possibilities of the primary textile alone may give method to numerous alternatives. And as stated
you can select one that hangs from a rail or stands on its own. A standing system also can sometimes be the typical rod–in–the– midst design or
perhaps a cantilever design. A cantilever style can be an extremely stylish installation. It is the one that appears like a lamppost–the main pole reaches
the medial side as opposed to the

Technology Of The Optical Communications Industry
Microelectromechanical systems have found wide commercial applications owing to the research and development in this field. For example, arrays of
micromechanical mirrors are greatly used in the optical communications industry. Other uses of micromechanical systems include Ink–jet printers and
accelerometers which are used in the automobile industry. Advancement in the silicon based fabrication technology has made it possible for a
range of MEMs sensors and actuators to be put to practical use. MEMs devices range between a few micrometers to a few hundred micrometers.
Planar processing technology has made it possible to control a large number of devices in an integrated fashion. With the advancement in science
and technology we are now seeing many new and improved applications of Nanoelectromechanical systems in various field. With the decrease in
the size of many mechanical devices in terms of thickness and mass, we have been able to achieve an increased resonant frequency and low force
constants. The sizes of NEMs devices vary between a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers depending upon the application of the device.
The prevalence sophisticated fabrication technologies has led to the decrease in the size of devices. NEMs devices find a wide range of applications as
sensors, displays, for data storage and in medicine.
The medical world currently depends on the analysis DNA microarray, nuclear magneticresonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for disease

An Introduction To Tuned Vibration Absorbers?
In advanced applications, the design of some structures, such as those in spacecraft, jet fighters and automobiles which require lightweight strength and
have highly structural damping properties, is faced with great difficulty due to the fact that the decreased weight results in low rigidity and reacts with
vibration characteristics. Vibration must be effectively controlled, otherwise it could be uncomfortable for humans, increase fatigue, cause instability
and could result in damage to the entire system (Sharma et al., 2011). Tuned Vibration Absorbers (TVAs) are important engineering tools for vibration
suppression. They can be passive, semi–active or active vibration control devices (Sun et al., 1995). Tuned Vibration Absorbers without... Show more
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Shan et al. (2009) investigated F2MC tubes for autonomous structural tailoring. They analysed a 3D analytical model of a single F2MC tube
consisting of an inner liner layer and an outer composite laminate layer. This was followed by experimental tests for validation. The results show a
good agreement. In their design space study, they found that the maximum modulus ratio can be obtained either using a composite laminate fibre angle
(О± в‰€ 20В°), by decreasing the F2MC tube thickness, or by increasing the fluid bulk modulus.
Philen (2010) developed a theoretical model of a F2MC system that plots the dynamics of FMC tube, servo–valve and fluid flow rate through it, by
using linearized equations of motion. The experimental results showed that the desired force displacement curve can be tracked in the F2MC system
by valve control.
Vashisth et al. (2013) evaluated a three–layered F2MC tube which was two millimetres in diameter, manufactured in polyurethane reinforced with
braided stainless steel wire in the middle layer, surrounded by polyurethane layers both inside and outside. They experimentally tested this tube for
blocked force, free strain and axial modulus of elasticity. The results showed the ability of the tubes for future applications in areas where small tube
diameter is required.
The most important properties of F2MC tubes found by researchers are their fluid pumping capacity, which is about

Dental Bridge Research Paper
According to cosmetic dentist when a person loses a tooth or has a tooth removed the result is a gap, and this gap can cause a number of issues with
your mouth. For one, the remaining teeth have the availability to drift and shift which can affect one's bite. It can also cause soreness in the jaw, as
well as, cause the adjacent teeth to experience excessive wear. Drifting teeth poses a higher risk of gum disease and tooth decay by allowing plaque to
have more places to get trapped.
In order to avoid these conditions, as well as, the unattractive look that a missing tooth can pose, many people prefer to have a missing tooth replaced
by a dental implant by a cosmetic dentist. A dental bridge is an alternative treatment that can be a viable solution... Show more content on
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A cosmetic dentist will discuss which material would be best used in filling the gap from their missing tooth. There are three commonly used dental
bridges today for patients and professionals to choose from, which are:
A Fixed Bridge – a fixed bridge fills a gap by connecting an artificial tooth between 2 dental crowns. The crowns are used for support of the bridge
and are cemented to the adjacent teeth of the gap so that the artificial tooth looks and feels natural in the gapped space. A fixed bridge is not removable.
A Maryland Bridge – a Maryland bridge is usually used for front teeth since they don't have as much pressure applied to them, unlike the back teeth
which do most of the chewing. A resin bonded bridge, the Maryland bridge has metal wings or porcelain wings attached to the artificial tooth that are
bonded to the adjacent teeth on either side of the gapped area.
A Cantilever Bridge – a Cantilever bridge is also set into place by being bonded to an adjacent tooth, similar to the fixed bridge. A cantilever bridge
however is only bonded to a single tooth. It's mainly used when there aren't teeth on both sides of the gapped

Types Of Bridges : Bridges Essay
Types of Bridges On the basis o life bridges are classified in to two categories : 1)Temporary Bridges 2)Permanent Bridges Temporary Bridges The
bridges which can be constructed as well as maintained at low cost and have short span of useful life are known as low cost or temporary bridges.
These bridges are usually made of timber. But they may also be constructed of steel wire, old telegraph posts, hemp rope ,old rails etc. the useful lif
of temporary bridges may be taken as 10 years. Necessity of constructing temporary Bridges:– a)When there is shortage of funds. b)When there is
shortage of time. c)When there is lack of resource and skill. d)When repair of permanent bridges are to be carried out. e)When the construction of
permanent bridges is to be facilitated. f)When project surveys , in the interior of a stream or river , are to be carried out. g)When there is
temporary need of crossing the stream or river. Advantages and Disadvantages of temporary Bridges 1)The initial cost of these bridges is low. 2)The
bridges are simple in there structural form and can, therefore , be easily designed. 3)The bridges can be easily constructed. 4)The bridges require less
skill in their construction. 5)The bridges require light or no machinery in their construction. 6)These bridges less time in their construction and thus
can be easily constructed in case of emergency. 7)These bridges can be maintained at low cost. 8)These bridges are most suitable in case of

The Aircraft Wings Are The Primary Lift Producing Device...
The aircraft wings are the primary lift producing device for an aircraft. The aircraft wings are designed aerodynamically to generate a lift force which
is required in order for an aircraft to fly. The basic goal of the wing is to generate lift and minimize drag as far as possible.
When the airflow passes the wing at any suitable angle of attack, a pressure differential is created. A region of lower pressure is created over the top
surface of the wing while, a region of higher pressure is created under the surface of the wing. This difference in pressure creates a differential force
which acts upward, which is called lift.
For most aircrafts, where, the wings are the primary structures to generate lift, the aircraft 's wings must generate sufficient lift to carry the entire
weight of an aircraft. In modern commercial, fighter and jet aircraft, the aircraft wings are not only designed to provide the necessary lift during the
different phases of flight, but also have a variety of other roles and functions.
Wing Support:
Cantilevered –All the structure is buried under the aerodynamic skin, giving a clean appearance with low drag.
A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at only one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it is protruding.
When subjected to a structural load, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it is forced against by a moment and shear stress.Cantilever
construction allows for overhanging

Investigating Hooke 's Law And The Euler Bernoulli Bending...
In this lab, deflection and strain are measured in an attempt to confirm Hooke's law and the Euler–Bernoulli bending beam theory. In addition, the
measured data allows us to calculate the modulus of elasticity (Young's Modulus) or E of the cantilever beam. Through the course of the experiment
our observations revealed that the addition of weights deformed the beam in response to the applied stress. This deformation can be modeled using the
Euler–Bernoulli beam bending theory. Our experimentation and calculations revealed that our data did indeed prove the theories mentioned in this lab.
Furthermore, our values for the modulus of elasticity or E came within the range of established values found online.
Engineering involves a wide array of problems that must be overcome. A great deal of time is spent researching materials and their properties.
Materials compromise all aspects of our society, from buildings to roads to even the equipment that was used in this lab. Problems arise in regards to
how strong or flexible the material is, with the official terms being stress, strain, and elasticity. Improper use of such materials results in tragedies such
as the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington that failed to due resonance and stress beyond its elastic limit [1].
This lab teaches us the importance of stress, strain, and elasticity. Their relationships are explored through the deformation of a cantilever beam. Stress
is introduced as weights and the beams experiences strain.

Portal Frame Analysis
University of Manchester
University of Manchester
NISHANT AGARWAL
The report primarily discusses results obtained from the conducted experiments and includes computed data from the Kingston computer program. The
value of the plastic moment capacity of each experiment was obtained; Obtained value was used to find the yield strength of the structures and compare
them to typical values for mild steel. The important data is summarized in a table; followed by a list of important formulae. All individual results are
listed in the appendix at the end.
NISHANT AGARWAL
The report primarily discusses results obtained from the conducted experiments and includes computed data from the Kingston computer program. The
value of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The computed value fy of 394.1 N/mm2, is within the required range of yield strength for mild steel, i.e. (360 – 430 N/mm2).
NOTE: Before commencing the experiment, the cantilever strip was bent at about 20mm off its edge to prevent the weight hanger from slipping off.
The hanger was then loaded and deflections measured till collapse of the cantilever arm.
2.2 Beam Mechanism:
Fig. 2.2(b) Plastic hinge formation, Beam mechanism
Fig. 2.2(b) Plastic hinge formation, Beam mechanism
Fig. 2.2(a) Portal Frame with Vertical Load
Fig. 2.2(a) Portal Frame with Vertical Load
From Plastic analysis,
Mp = 10.35 kN–mm (Beam Mechanism)
Mp = 10.35 kN–mm (Beam Mechanism)

Wl2Оё = MP Оё+ MP 2Оё + MP Оё
в†’ MP= Wl8
Notes & Comments:
Number of plastic hinges that should form are 4; Albeit, Moments at B, C, and D are greater than those at fixed feet, and a beam mechanism forms in
BCD. Therefore, only 3 plastic hinges are formed. (Todd, 2000)
NOTE– The behavior is similar to a fixed ended beam.
Fig. (II.A) shows the formed plastic hinges on the collapsed portal frame due to vertical loading at l2. Plastic hinges have been labeled in order of
appearance.
The formula for moment capacity of the above mechanism has been calculated by the virtual work method.
The computed value fy of 356.589 N/mm2, is within the required range of yield strength for mild steel, i.e. (360 – 430 N/mm2).
Fig. (II.B) shows the

The Truss Bridge By David Plowden
The truss bridge reflected many of the qualities of America 's industrial society by the early twentieth century: steel–made, mass manufactured, practical
and unglamorous, sturdy and dependable, cost–competitive, and highly versatile. Such structures were, wrote David Plowden in his splendid Bridges:
The Spans of North America, "appropriate icons to our industrialization." For the developing state of Oklahoma, steel trusses held symbolic value too,
for they provided tangible proof to a wider world of economic possibilities.
The Principle upon which all trusses rely is that the triangle is the strongest and most rigid geometric Figure. By arranging the framework of triangles
in patterns that varied from designer to designer, the structure acquired different appearances and served different purposes depending on the needs of
bridge builders. The pony truss, the smallest type and ordinarily confined to lengths under 140 feet, with most under 100 feet, is distinguished by its
low profile and absence of bracing above the roadway. The through truss by comparison is greater in length and height and consists of a tunnel–like
structure that carries traffic through a system of overhead bracing which ties together the upper chords of the bridge. In the initial stages of it's
evolution, the truss took the form of a king post, a simple triangular shape, usually composed of timber with iron hardware, divided by a single vertical
post connecting top and bottom chords. You can make

Wooden Truss Bridge
The most common types are the beam bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cantilever bridges, cable–style, and the kind I am going to research is
truss bridge.
Zhaozhou Bridge is the oldest bridge; it is in china.
The first welded bridge was designed by polish engineer Stefan Bryla.
The longest suspension bridge in the world (from 2010) is the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Kobe Japan.
Allan truss is based on the Howe truss. The first one was finished on 13 August 1894.
Bailey truss was made for the military, with many different styles. Baltimore truss was like the Pratt truss but it has more bracing on the bottom to stop
buckling.
Bollman truss had many independent tension elements that makes a strong bridge which is easy to assemble.
Burr arch truss that is a combination of an arch and truss which gives a strong bridge. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
K truss has beams that form the letter k in each panel.
Long truss is like the Howe truss but made of wood and usually is a covered bridge.
Parker truss is like the pratt truss but has a polygonal upper chord.
If that chord has five segments it is called a camelback truss.
The pegram truss has chords that are wider at the bottom but the same length at the top.
Pratt truss has members and angels that slope downward to the center. Many different types that are based on this are used for the railroads.
Vierendeel truss has rectangular members instead of triangular.
Warren truss has members joined only by angled cross–members. This forms equilateral truss. It is light and strong and makes an economical truss.
The Quebec bridge is the world's longest cantilever bridge.
The longest continuous bridge is lake pontchartrain causeway in southern

Bauhaus Impact On Modern Design
Q: What are the impacts of the Bauhaus on modern design?
The Bauhaus school was founded in 1919 in Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius (1883– 1969). In 1923, Walter Gropius introduced the
agreement between "creative artists and the industrial world". The Bauhaus is most famous for the idea of combining forms and functions. They
combined both fine arts and design elements to create a curriculum that trained artists and designers to be capable of producing both functional and
aesthetic work. One of the main goals was to bring design and technology together. During the Bauhaus period, Fine art and craft were combined
together and aimed toward problem solving for an innovative, modern and industrial society. Nowadays, the Bauhaus legacy continues in modern
designs, such as minimalism, or design brands like IKEA. In this essay, I will analyze Bauhaus's influence on modern design, including architecture and
furniture design by exploring different examples from different periods of time.
1. About the Bauhaus
I'd like to begin the essay by talking about the Bauhaus. In the book "50 Bauhaus icons", "The State Bauhaus in Weimar was not only one of the
earliest, but at the same time one of the most important and successful schools of art and design." ( Strasser, 2009, 1)
Figure 1.
The Bauhaus School. Image downloaded from http://www.architectweekly.com/2012/12/why–was–bauhaus–style–so–important.html
The school focused on using primary forms and colours, which include

Experiment Using Fluid Flow And Study The Loading...
Team 15: Sohel Jiwani, Huanyu Lin, Lisa Nguyen, Yin Zhu
Problem 3 Report
Part 1 In the first part of our problem where we design an experiment using fluid flow to mimic and study the loading conditions at the cellular level
of a tissue involved in our strength activity which is the squat, we decided to look at the endothelial cells that line the interior surface of the blood
vessels along the rectus femoris muscle tissue. To do this, we used the parallel–plate flow chamber device. This device allows us to observe and analyze
the shear stresses that the endothelial cells in the blood vessels are subjected to over a period of time.
We preferred to use the parallel–plate flow chamber, or PPFC because this device is better at taking into account fluids like blood and the
inhomogeneity present in shear stresses. While we were using the PPFC, the chamber's flow was a laminar flow and it was fully developed. Other
properties of the PPFC include the shear stress being constant for a given flow rate, Q. To begin using the PPFC, we line the endothelial cells at the
bottom plate and calculate the shear stress that these cells exhibit. This calculation can be achieved through the following equation: The variables Q,
Ој, b, and h stand for the volumetric flow rate, viscosity of the fluid, and the width and height of the chamber, respectively. Using data from literature
and incorporating them into our equation, we calculated the shear stress: П„ = 11.426 dyne/cm2.

Simple Lab Report Essay
Objectives
There were several different objectives for this lab. It introduced the thermomechanical properties of thermoplastics, and provide familiarity with
dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of thermoplastics. These DMA results were interpreted using time temperature superposition (TTS) and the
master curve as a design tool, this could be used to determine the linear viscoelastic range and observe the creep behaviour of high density
polyethylene (HDPE). Gaining familiarity with dynamic properties of HDPE was also intended for this lab.
Experimental Procedure
The material used for testing was HDPE. Two sample types were used, one quenched in water and another cooled slowly at a rate of 1В°C per minute.
All testing was carried out using DMA with a cantilever setup. Two different tests were carried out. For the first test, the HDPE was held at a constant
temperature of 31В°C and varying stresses were applied for two seconds at a time, during which the strain in the sample was recorded.
For the second test, a constant stress of 5MPa was applied while the temperature was increased inside the furnace of the DMA setup. This was achieved
by heating the sample to one temperature for 10 minutes and holding at that temperature while the constant stress was applied, then heating again and
holding, and so on. Strain was again recorded at constant time intervals for each temperature.
Results
Figure 1 below is an isochronal graph showing the results of creep testing the sample of HDPE

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