This document contains slides from a lecture on semantic analysis in programming languages. It discusses the key aspects of semantic analysis, including declaration and unicity, variable types, array indexes, condition types, return types, and parameter matching. It provides examples of code snippets and uses symbol tables to illustrate how semantic analysis would work for each example. The document is intended to teach students about semantic analysis and have them practice it through examples and exercises.

1. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez
BYENG M1-38
Office Hours: By appointment
CSE340 - Principles of
Programming Languages
Lecture 17:
Semantic Analysis I

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Semantic Analysis
Understanding the meaning
i.e.,
Interpreting expressions in their context

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Semantic Analysis
1. Declaration and Unicity. Review for uniqueness and that the variable
has been declared before its usage.
2. Types. Review that the types of variables match the values assigned
to them.
3. Array’s indexes. Review that the indexes are integers.
4. Conditions. Review that all expressions on the conditons return a
boolean value.
5. Return type. Review that the value returned by a method match the
type of the method.
6. Parameters. Review that the parameters in a method match in type
and number with the declaration of the method.

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Case 1:
int i;
char j; int m;
void method(int n, char c) {
int n; short l;
i = j; i = m;
}
Case 2:
int i, j;
void method() {
int i = 5;
int j = i + i;
int i = i + i;
}
Case 3:
int i, m, k; boolean j;
void main() {
if (i>5) { ++i; }
while (i + 1) { ++i; }
do {++i; } while (i);
for (i = 0; m; ++i) {
k++;
}
}
Case 4:
int a; int b; int c, d;
char c1, c2;
int test1(int x, int y) {
return x+y;
}
void main() {
int i; i = a++;
i = test1(a, b);
i = test1(c1, c2);
i = test1(a, c1);
} }
Case 5:
int i, m; boolean j;
public void main() {
int m; int a[];
a = new int[j];
}
Case 6:
int i;
void main(int m) {
i++; return i;
}
Study Cases

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Semantic Analysis
1. Declaration and Unicity. Review for uniqueness and that the variable
has been declared before its usage.
2. Types. Review that the types of variables match the values assigned
to them.
3. Array’s indexes. Review that the indexes are integers.
4. Conditions. Review that all expressions on the conditons return a
boolean value.
5. Return type. Review that the value returned by a method match the
type of the method.
6. Parameters. Review that the parameters in a method match in type
and number with the declaration of the method.

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1. Variable Declaration and Unicity

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Symbol Table
int i;
char j; int m;
void method(int n, char c) {
int n; short l;
i = j; i = m;
}
void method() {
int i = 5;
int j = i + i;
}
int k;
int method(int i) {
if (i>5) { ++i; }
while (i + 1) { ++i; }
do {++i; } while (i);
for (i = 0; m; ++i) {
k++;
}
}
name
type
scope
value
i
int
global
j
char
global
m
int
global
method-­‐‑int-­‐‑char
void
function
n
int
method-­‐‑int-­‐‑char
l
short
method-­‐‑int-­‐‑char
method
void
function
i
int
method
j
int
method
k
int
global
method-­‐‑int
int
function
i
Int
method-­‐‑int

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Symbol Table
int i;
char j; int m;
void method(int n, char c) {
int n; short l;
i = j; i = m;
}
void method() {
int i = 5;
int j = i + i;
}
int k;
int method(int i) {
if (i>5) { ++i; }
while (i + 1) { ++i; }
do {++i; } while (i);
for (i = 0; m; ++i) {
k++;
}
}
name
type
scope
value
i
int
global
j
char
global
m
int
global
method-­‐‑int-­‐‑char
void
function
n
int
method-­‐‑int-­‐‑char
l
short
method-­‐‑int-­‐‑char
method
void
function
i
int
method
j
int
method
k
int
global
method-­‐‑int
int
function
i
Int
method-­‐‑int

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Symbol Table
names bindings
i
j
m
method-int-char
n
l
method
k
method-int
int
global
int
method
char
global
int
method
int
global
void
function
void
function
int
function
int
method-int-char
short
method-int-char
int
global
int
Method-int

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Exercise
int a, b; char c, d; float e,f;
void foo1(int a) {
// float a = 1;
float w = a;
}
void foo2(char b) {
int a = c + d;
}
int foo3() {
int i = a + b;
}
Create the symbol table

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Programming Assignment 3
Level 1
Reviewing Declaration and Unicity

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Symbol Table

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Symbol Table

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Grammar
<PROGRAM> à '{' <BODY> '}’
<BODY> à {<PRINT>';'|<ASSIGNMENT>';'|<VARIABLE>';’|<WHILE>|<IF>|<RETURN>';'}
<ASSIGNMENT> à identifier '=' <EXPRESSION>
<VARIABLE> à ('int'|'float'|'boolean'|'char’|'string'|'void')identifier
<WHILE> à 'while' '(' <EXPRESSION> ')' <PROGRAM>
<IF> à 'if' '(' <EXPRESSION> ')' <PROGRAM> ['else' <PROGRAM>]
<RETURN> à 'return'
<PRINT> à ’print’ ‘(‘ <EXPRESSION> ‘)’
<EXPRESSION> à <X> {'|' <X>}
<X> à <Y> {'&' <Y>}
<Y> à ['!'] <R>
<R> à <E> {('>'|'<'|'=='|'!=') <E>}
<E> à <A> {(’+'|'-’) <A>}
<A> à <B> {('*'|'/') <B>}
<B> à ['-'] <C>
<C> à integer | octal | hexadecimal | binary | true | false |
string | char | float | identifier|'(' <EXPRESSION> ')'

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A3 :: Parser Update
VARIABLE
void rule_variable( ) {
. . .
if (tokens.get(currentToken1).getType().equals(“identifier”)) {
SemanticAnalizer.CheckVariable(
tokens.get(currentToken-1).getWord(),
tokens.get(currentToken).getWord()
);
currentToken++;
} else {
error (6);
}
. . .

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A3 :: SemanticAnalyzer.java
public class SemanticAnalizer {
private Hashtable<String, Vector<SymbolTableItem>> symbolTable;
public static void CheckVariable(string type, string id) {
// A. search the id in the symbol table
// B. if !exist then insert: type, scope=global, value={0, false, "", ’’}
// C. else error(1): “variable id is already defined”
}

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A3 :: Review

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Homework
Programming Assignment 3

19. CSE340 - Principles of Programming Languages
Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez
javiergs@asu.edu
Summer 2015
Disclaimer. These slides can only be used as study material for the class CSE340 at ASU. They cannot be distributed or used for another purpose.