Daoism And Confucianist Societies Essay

Daoism and Confucianist Societies Essay
While the Way can be considered an intangible idea of how to live your life, others believe it is an
omnipotent force that shapes all things and cannot be named. Confucianists believe the former,
where they have a superior chance of achieving a better life through ritual. Daoists, however, trust in
nonaction, in not interfering with nature, to have a better and longer life. Conversely, the Daoist idea
can only hold true in an ideal society, since it would be hard to employ. I will argue that a
Confucianist society is better, because it relies on action in a society, the use of virtue with rituals to
learn, and the overall betterment of the self to create order in the community as a means of reaching
Way. Actions dictate the experiences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Confucius and Laozi differed in their views about virtue with others, they both require some
form of harmony. Confucius thought a gentleman enacted certain virtues such as benevolence,
justice, filial piety, and loyalty, and these are important in order to reach the Way through ritual to
avoid shame. He felt ritual depended on the harmony of these virtues, but it did not take precedence,
because "harmony cannot be sought for its own sake, it must always be subordinated to ritual".
Instead, ritual is equal to a love of learning, because there is no limit of knowledge to gain. While he
recognized those who can act without comprehension, he felt learning trounced innate knowledge.
In contrast, Daoists believe simplicity provides a better life for the people than wisdom from
learning, because it can lead to artifice. Laozi felt "when the great Way is neglected there arises
benevolence and justice". He felt virtue only arises after the harmony of the Way has disintegrated.
According to Daoists, harmony arose from the Way in the form of yin and yang, which regulates
everything on heaven, earth, and in humans. This principle, however, requires that our actions are
already predetermined, and they cannot affect harmony. Each individual would have to have an
immense amount of trust for this system to work. However, in Confucius' society individuals would
be able to
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Examine the Effects of Globalisation on China
Examine the effects of globalisation on China
The process of globalisation in China has been a rapid one. China's exponential growth since the fall
of Mao has lead to increased international influence – with China now operating on an international
scale.
Economically globalisation began in 1978 following Deng Xiaoping's Open Door policy. This
opened up China to foreign investment and the international markets. This lead to an influx of
transnational corporations, which was advantageous to Chinese companies who benefitted from
technology transfer. However, the TNC's moved to China for its cheap labour and manufacture,
which presented an ethical dilemma for China. Leaders had to decide whether to compromise on a
lack of investment and poor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Globalisation has lead to the development of SEZ's along with Deng's Open Door policy.
Globalisation has given these SEZ's both advantages and disadvantages and has lead to rapid
economic growth but often compromised on the Chinese people.
Socially, globalisation has both increased levels of Westernisation and increased development in the
interior. Increased Westernisation has lead to both positive impacts with over 100 million Chinese
have internet access, with 360 million owning a mobile phone, whilst 380 million own a TV.
However, this can mean a loss of culture with the younger generation less willing to retain
traditional practices like farming and rice planting, but instead want to move into the city and enjoy
a "western–style" living. Globalisation has lead to both the benefits from Westernisation eg
McDonald's sponsoring the 2008 Olympics, but also the negatives including a loss of cultures and
traditional Chinese practices. Development along the interior as also resulted from globalisation. As
China has been put under pressure to reduce rural–urban inequality, it has begun development in
rural areas. This has lead to the transformation of White Horse Village into a major city. This has
meant that the old village was demolished and new high–rise buildings replaced rice paddies. This
has increased growth in the area and had meant an influx of migrants back

Mattel Catastrophe in China Essay
Barbie was introduced to the world in 1959, and is one of the most iconic dolls ever produced.
Barbie is manufactured by Mattel, which was founded in California in 1944, and has dominated the
toy market ever since. Barbie helped to create a name and an Empire for Mattel, who later
introduced products such as Hot Wheels and Polly Pocket. Mattel, for many years, had a great
reputation and produced products that were safe and children loved. Mattel began moving their
manufacturing operations overseas about twenty years ago, and until recent years had enjoyed
continued success. When Mattel began moving a majority of their manufacturing operations to
China and Mexico, they never would have imagined the controversy they would find themselves in
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As children grow their bodies are able to absorb more lead than an adult (Pearce & Robinson, 25–5).
At the time of the recalls, China did not have regulations in place regarding the levels of lead in
paint. In addition to lead being found on paint used in children's toys, Mattel would eventually end
up recalling millions of products that contained unsafe, removable parts. In the end, Mattel ended up
recalling 19 million toys made in China. There is a large cost advantage to doing business in China.
Chinese manufacturers are able to manufacture products at a cost that is 30%–50% less than in the
United States. The savings associated with foreign manufacturing is too much for most companies,
including Mattel, to pass up. Everyday more American jobs are outsourced to China because of their
ability to manufacture products for significantly less than in the United States. When it comes to
manufacturing, China has a comparative advantage, or the ability to produce a good at a lower
opportunity cost than another producer (Mankiw, Pg. 55). Not only have companies, such as Mattel,
saved billions of dollars over the years, so has the American consumer. It is estimated that, since
1978, consumers in the United States have saved approximately $100 billion by obtaining cheaper
products from China (Ahlstrom & Bruton, Pg. 4). It is no wonder jobs are continuously outsourced
to other countries. Financially speaking, it seems products manufactured in China benefit everyone,
well

Google And The Government Of China Essay
Google and the Government of China:
A case study in Cross–Cultural Negotiations
Develop a negotiations planning document using the Kellogg format in Exhibit 11
Issue Google Chinese government
Purpose of negotiation Priority: 1 Position: focuses on profit and brand management Priority: 2
Position: technological, economic gaining Interests: A population of 1.3 billion along with a
growing economy makes Chinese market extremely important for Google to enter Interests: It wants
Google to provide its citizens and companies with the access to the very best technology, eventually,
an achievement of technological parity with the US. Also, China knows the nation's economy will
be improved by internet access and use.
Level of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Services Priority: 5 Position: Google might want to provide China with only minimal number of
services Priority:6 Position: The Chinese government would want to be provided with all the
services Google normally offer. Interests: If Google also provide services such as Gmail, chat rooms
or blogging that involve users' personal information, The Chinese government could abuse the
information that Google provides as it did with Yahoo. This will critically damage its principle of
"Don't be evil" Interests: China wants to maximize Chinese engineers' access to Google's proprietary
research technology. China would not want to be limited on the number of services.
Saving–face issue Priority: 4 Position: Google does not want to appear as a company that
strengthens a government that violates human rights Priority: 3 Position: China wants to enforce
Google the same level of censorship so that it can appear to the world as an independent and
powerful actor in the global marketplace. Interests: Google got famous for its seemingly rigid
adherence to utopian ideals. If it turns out to be false, harsh criticism will be unavoidable, which
may lead to reduced revenue. Interests: The Chinese government is head of a hierarchical culture
that value status, seeking to promote China as a powerful and independent actor in the world
forums.
Notifying user when

Continuities And Changes In The Tang Dynasty
China has experienced several changes and evolutions throughout the centuries, though some of the
most marked and influential changes stem from the transitionary period of the Tang dynasty to the
Song dynasty. These changes, which include the re–definition of gendered space, the rise of the
scholar's status and the prominence of Neo–Confucianism (among other things) were not only
political and economic evolutions, but also cultural shifts that would later characterize Chinese
history. Let us begin by examining Neo–Confucianism. While the Tang dynasty began with a
widespread practice of Confucianism, Buddhism became the preferred philosophy or religion after
its introduction during the rule of emperor Xuanzong (121 cambridge tang). Not only ... Show more
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With the return of Confucian ideals, and the rise of literati scholars, women began to dress
differently. They would use clothing, hair and makeup to draw attention to the differences between
genders, often attributed to the fact that literati scholars had a more feminine appearance. This
attempt to differentiate genders was taken to the extreme with the introduction of footbinding. This
practice created the idea that a woman with small feet was delicate, diminutive and beautiful, which
followed the already pre–set notion that beauty was in part because of demureness and attentiveness
(s.t.g. 38–41). Not only that, but by changing a woman's foot, men were able to physically render
women different than them, while also making it more difficult (painful) to leave their inner sphere
within the home. Overall, the changes that led to Neo–Confucianism, the rise of literati status and
the re–definition of gendered space were some of the key elements during the transition to the Song
dynasty. These new changes resulted in a focus on the refined and the rationale. The Chinese empire
no longer favoured strength, but rather intelligence and beauty. These newly introduced qualities
would be valued throughout the Song and into following

art of china Essay examples
China has the world's oldest living civilization. It's written history goes back almost 3,500 years, and
the history told by it's artifacts and artwork goes back much farther. The oldest known works of
Chinese art include pottery and jade carvings from the time of 5000 BC. Jade is a general term used
to describe either jadeite or nephrite, known as true jade. It's composed of several minerals. It's
smooth and rich in texture, but it's also extremely tough. It can be off–white, or dark green, and
sometimes has a reddish tint. Authentic jade is cool and never translucent. The philosopher
Confucius described jade perfectly when he said: "It is soft, smooth and shining– like
intelligence. It's edges seem sharp but do not cut– like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although other countries also created China, the pottery originated in Asia. French porcelain was
inspired by the delicate white work from the Ting dynasty, and Clue and white Dutch Delft
porcelain was modeled after pottery from the Ming dynasty.
Pottery started out as functional, but became more ornamental as the centires continued. the themes
of the painted and carved porcelain were mostly nature scenes, but they were also from folklore.
Artrists originaly molded the clay with their hands and set it in the sun to try. Eventualy they began
to use a potter's wheel, and they used a glaze at the same time as the romans.
During the Tang dynasty, Chinese pottery began to develop it's own distict style. They used the first
colored glazes, and underglaze painting. The best pottery came from the time between the Sung
dynasty and the Ming times, when the King hired officials to work in his court strictly as potters.
When these artists made mistakes in their work (cracks or drips), they used the mistakes to create a
picture, such as turning a crack into a tree, or a drip into a teardrop.
Although painting was not China's first form of art, it is probably the most important and
dominating form today. Chinese paintings have always tried to capture philosophy as well as details.
1,400 years ago, Hsieh Ho, made six basic laws for painting, which artists in China still follow
today. They

A Brief History of China Essay
China is on the verge of becoming the next Super Power like the United States and Great Britain.
The reason why I am writing this paper is to relay information to you regarding China as it was and
how it is now. China blossomed quicker than any other country in the beginning and later stalled in
progress throughout its history. Culture is the end statement of a people's identity. According to
Merriam–Webster it is a way of thinking, behaving or working that exists in a place or organization
(Dictionary). In this paper, we will not be discussing about a place or organization, but instead of a
country rich in culture. My discussion will be about the country of China's history, economy,
weather, terrain and people.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next came the Sui Dynasty (581 AD– 618 AD). This dynasty had improved upon the Great Wall.
This wall protected the enemies of China, especially keeping their mortal enemy the Mongolians at
bay. This dynasty had also created the first manufactured canal known as the Grand Canal. The
Grand Canal length is 2,400 miles long and 36 feet wide (Hook 185). They had also let the words of
Buddhism reach across the land among the people with no interference. To assist in bridging the gap
between the poor peasants and the rich upper class, a monetary class was established and enforced
throughout the land (Hook 184). The last dynasty is the Sung. The Sung Dynasty (960 AD–1279
AD) had created huge cities of the time that allowed social programs (such as public postal services
and welfare programs) to be created. This ignition of public meetings and exchanges of ideas
assisted in the creation of new ideas and inventions. An example of this was gunpowder (which was
very unstable, but highly usable) for the Chinese Military. Inventions of great magnitude will have
come during this era. Most of all was the invention of gunpowder made from saltpeter. These
inventions were the handgun (known as a fire–lance), grenades (small clay pottery the size of a fist)
and exploding mines (ceramics disks the size of large belt buckles) (Fairbank

Public Sentiments Concerning Chinese Immigration Essay
Public Sentiments Concerning Chinese Immigration In 1852, there were over 20,000 Chinese
immigrants living in California (Franks). Americans reacted very negatively to this influx, and their
negative sentiments were made apparent in the California Supreme Court's People v. Hall verdict,
which rendered Chinese testimony unreliable. Then, in 1882, President Chester Arthur signed the
Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States
(Foner, 651). From the 1850s up to the Exclusion Act of 1882, Americans felt increasingly negative
sentiments towards the Chinese. As illustrated through newspaper and magazine depictions along
the Pacific Coast, the Americans perceived the Chinese as inferior and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The scenery is drawn with many dark shades on the walls and floor, depicting it as an alley or a
similarly secluded location. Here, the Chinese man partakes in his devious acts, away from the
public eye. This sets a dark, mischievous tone, and in the drawing the little boy is smoking a cigar,
presumably as a result of the Chinese man's negative influence. The little boy is underage and is
engaging in immoral behavior. The Chinese man has corrupted him simply through association, and
by smoking a cigar at his age he has been corrupted. This depiction shows the underlying perception
that the Chinese were an infestation that were negatively influencing and corrupting the population.
This perception of the Chinese as a menace is also apparent in the image "Amusing the Child" from
The Wasp. This picture depicts the Chinese man as a diabolical creature: He crawls around on four
legs like a dog, and has large scaly hands with sharp, thin nails. The Chinese man wears tattered
clothing and from behind, a long, red devil's tale extends from his body. Also, the image has two
Americans sitting on chairs: Sitting in the left chair is President Chester Arthur and in the right chair
is a baby, which represents the Pacific Coast. The Chinese man's appearance not only degrades him,
but also establishes the view that the Chinese

The Chinese Culture Essay
The Chinese Culture
This report is about the myths and beliefs of the Chinese culture. It's about the stories the Chinese
created to explain the world around them, and generally how they perceived their surrounding
environment. This report deals with ancient myths and the people who believed them, and what the
current believes of these people are.
The Southwest Creation Story
The Southwest creation story is a myth which explains why people are different.
The myth begins by saying that there were people on earth who were all alike, meaning there
weren't people who were black, white, oriental, etc.. It states that the humans on earth all generally
were the same. There were also gods who lived above the clouds in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Duke pretended he was dead with his mouth hung open and he had his lips very dry.
The girl was worried, she thought he was dying so she gave him one drop of water. The Duke
instantly jumped back up and tore apart the cage. The children were terrified. He came over to them
and promised them that they will be rewarded for their deed. He gave them a small egg and told
them to plant it in the ground and then he left. When the man came back he was shocked by what
had happened. He knew the Duke would be very angry and would punish him. So he didn't waste
any time and started to build a ship. After a month's time the ship was finished. It was built out of
the strongest material known to him.
Meanwhile the egg the children planted had grown to a size of about two small people. Then one
day what the man had anticipated came. Huge torrential downpours of rain started and there were
tremendous floods. The man jumped into the ship he built, in his panic he had forgotten about the
children. They had ran into the egg which had become soft. The floods were so great that the man in
his ship reached all the way to the door of the heavens. He banged the doors and yelled let me in!
The gods didn't want mortals in the heavens, so the Duke was ordered to recede the floods.

Comparisons of Creation Myths Essay
Myths – as they are known to most of the world – give insight into the pasts of various countries and
religions as the people saw them. They have been used to explain phenomenons in nature or
describe the tales of courageous and important men and women throughout history. Creation myths
in particular define how the Earth itself was created, along with the universe, heavens, hell, people,
and creatures that exist today. Genesis of Christian mythology, for instance, tells the story of how
the single deity God spoke and formed everything from day and night to man and woman. Various
African creation myths, such as with the Yoruba, explain the creation of the Earth through at least a
couple gods working together and all life ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Professors correlate Buddhism and Christianity, Hinduism and Islam, Confucianism and Hinduism,
and Greek and Roman myth, since all of those pairs seem to follow similar patterns or derive their
ideals from one another, even down to the same gods but with different names. They compare the
Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism; the "Dharmic" or Indian religions, including
Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Jainism; and the Taoic religions, encompassing a large group of
with Taoism, Confucianism, and Shinto. These comparisons give us a stronger understanding of
previous civilizations and their beliefs, and shows the patterns people make as a culture as they
develop over the centuries.
It should be noted that all creation myths tend to possess similar themes, despite differing story
lines. As noted before, there exists the basic ideas of chaos before creation, and gods to form life.
But then various myths show that, once life has been created, the gods tend to retreat from the
humanity they create, instead watching them from afar and using specifically chosen and often
religious contacts to spread their words and commands. This deus

The Nature of Ghosts in The Woman Warrior Essay
The Nature of Ghosts in The Woman Warrior
"Ghost." What images does this word conjure up in the average American mind? Perhaps you think
of little kids draped in white sheets begging for candy on Halloween. Perhaps you imagine
transparent versions of dead people wandering the earth for eternity. Perhaps you are reminded of a
person who just saw something especially scary; they are "pale as a ghost".
So the word "ghost" – a word with many meanings – calls forth these images. What do they have in
common? There's the idea of paleness – when was the last time you ever saw a black ghost? Silence
– ghosts don't say much, except maybe they go "Boo!" once in a while. And, just maybe, there's a
hint of unfamiliarity in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ghosts – in any form – are far more prominent in Kingston's life than in ours. Perhaps this is
because there are fantastic elements to the stories she tells, but it is difficult for we readers to
separate fantasy and reality and we confuse the two. In some cases – such as with Brave Orchid's
"Sitting Ghost", it never really becomes clear.
The primary meaning of the word "ghost" in the work is, of course, "American" or "white person".
"White person" might seem more attractive because of the idea of paleness that we associate with
ghosts, but there are "Mexican ghosts" and "Negro ghosts" – so "American" is more accurate. This
is supported by the idea that those Chinese born in America are considered ghosts: "They would not
tell us children because we had been born among ghosts, were taught by ghosts, and were ourselves
ghost–like. They called us a kind of ghost. Ghosts are noisy and full of air; they talk during meals.
They talk about everything" (183–84). Even one generation makes this difference. The mysterious
Chinese name given to the "assimilated" Chinese by the new immigrants is "Ho Chi Kuei" (204),
which Kingston is unable to translate in full (further demonstrating her assimilation) – but "Kuei"
she knows means "Ghosts". This idea of Americans as ghosts goes even further in some of
Kingston's titles for Americans,

British-Chinese Relations in the Nineteenth Century and...
British–Chinese Relations in the Nineteenth Century and Alicia Bewicke Little's Novel, A Marriage
in China
The year was 1842, and Britain had just finished a successful military campaign in China, a
campaign that also signified a rather humiliating defeat for the Chinese army. The first Opium War
reestablished Britain's profitable opium trade routes from India to China, and also established a new
mode of British–Chinese relations, one that resulted in British control of the new colony of Hong
Kong and semicolonial control over various treaty ports. The progressive optimism that this
combined political and economic control seemed to herald for the British Empire was reflected in a
piece in the newly established Illustrated London ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The story of British–Chinese relations in the nineteenth–century emerges as a story in which the
British desire for chinoiserie–fantastically colored silks, aromatic teas and spices, delicate porcelain,
exquisite decorative arts, and fascinating architecture–is progressively frustrated by China's
limitation of foreigners to only a few treaty ports, the several attempts by the Chinese to ban or stop
by force the British opium trade, and the populist destruction of European–funded infrastructure:
from missionary and trade encampments to railroads later in the century.
A long–time resident of China, Alicia Bewicke Little was poised to comment on that history/story as
the century ended. Her 1896 novel, A Marriage in China, is a reflection of the "imagined" history of
British–Chinese relations–that is, the tone, tenor, and character of the relationship as imagined by
the British. This "imagined" history–intangible and theoretical–is embodied both structurally and
thematically in the novel. Structurally, the novel employs multiple plot lines and a wide variety of
characters and settings as a way of representing the turbulence of the past fifty years of British
policy in China. As Little historicizes

Foot Binding in China
In all societies, it was very common to have unequal treatment to men and women with the
justification being the gender. This shaped the attitude and behavior of people. This commonly
occurred to values, norms, customs, and laws in all societies. In the traditional Chinese society, it
was very common for the bride to obey her parent–in–laws, do housework, and have a low social
status within and outside of the household. Ancient China based its livelihood off of Confucian
principles. Confucian principles act as a guide for the people to live and behave according to.
Confucian principles included relationships such as the relationship of the emperor to his subjects, a
father to a son, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, and friend to friend. Traditional
China functions on these principles to guide the peoples' lives. Women living in a Confucian society
played a limited gender role. Confucian principles were instilled very deeply into the Chinese
society; it was practice throughout Chinese history. Some practices of Confucianism are practiced to
this day. Women did not share the same privileges as men in a traditional Confucian society because
their role was to be the house wife that society shaped them into. The family structure in China
resembles the family structure of agricultural civilizations. It accentuates the importance of unity
and strength of the husband and the father in the family. Confucianism, although a
religion/philosophy that beholds many

Cultural Brief of Taiwan
INTRODUCTION POLITICAL, LEGAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIROMENT
HOFSTEDE'S DIMENSIONS Geert Hofstede is a Dutch researcher who identified five dimensions
of culture to help understand how and why people from various cultures behave the way they do.
The five Hofstede's cultural dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism,
masculinity vs. femininity, and time orientation. Taiwan has a high power distance meaning that
people blindly obey the orders of their superiors, and strict obedience is found. Taiwan ranked high
in uncertainty avoidance meaning that the people do not like uncertainty and tend to have a high
need for security and a strong belief in experts. In individualism Taiwan ranked as a low
individualistic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Guanxi" is another term related to the connections and types of relationships Taiwanese use to
conduct business. Businesses are conducted among friends, friends of friends, family, and people of
your own level or higher statues. This concept is believed to open doors, smooth problems, and open
more connections. Taiwan's religion is based on the "three teachings"; Confucianism, Taoism, and
Buddhism. Each religion has its own temples, priest, and sacred texts, but most people practice a
blend of the "three teachings" referred to as popular or folk religion. Family is very important in the
Taiwanese culture and one thing that brings family together every day is food. Dinner is the most
important meal of the day because it reinforces family relationships. The exchange of food means
equality and people of higher ranks are never invited to dine at one's home. Fish the favorite food,
and food is mostly cooked in soups, stews, and deep fry. Taiwan is famous for its tea and it can be
found in almost every corner of Taiwan. Tea is the most famous drink because it is considered
stimulating, conducive to conversation, and beneficial to health. EXPECTATIONS REGARDING
DRESS APPOINTMENTS Taiwanese are very punctual and they expect to be always on time for an
appointment. They are very easy in scheduling appointments and the best way to set an appointment
is by telephone or email. Most firms have business hours from 9AM to 5:30PM Monday to Friday,
so contact them between

Chinese Footbinding Essay
Chinese Footbinding
In addressing the subject of footbinding, one primary difficulty becomes apparent – that much
remains within the realm of the unknowable. Any factual knowledge about the practice may only be
drawn from 19th– and 20th–century writings, drawings or photographs. In addition, many of these
documents represent a distinctly Western point of view, as they are primarily composed of
missionary accounts and the literature of the various anti –footbinding societies.[1] The historical
origins of footbinding are frustratingly vague, although brief textual references suggest that small
feet for women were preferred as early as the Han dynasty. The first documented reference to the
actual binding of a foot is from the court of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It gradually became the prevailing style and "golden lotus" became a synonym for bound feet.[5]
One notable personality who aided in the spread of footbinding was the famed writer and scholar
Zhu Xi (1130–1200 A.D.), whose commentaries on the Confucian classics would form the canon of
Neo–Confucianism that would dominate Chinese intellectual and philosophical life for six
subsequent centuries. An ardent advocate of footbinding, he introduced the practice into southern
Fuijan in order to spread Chinese culture and teach proper relations between men and women,
greatly influencing other writers who mention the practice as if it were normal.[6]
Another factor contributing to the difficulty in assigning a point of time and origin to the practice is
that the spread of footbinding was neither standardized in style nor universal in practice.[7] With
local variations in method of binding, desired contours, age of initiation, paraphernalia, rituals (both
public and private), shoe patterns and terminologies, it became impossible for a "master narrative"
to emerge. Although some girls had their feet bound in the extreme and painful golden lotus style,
others had their feet bound in less contorted manners that "merely" kept the toes compressed or
limited the growth of the foot without breaking any bones.[8] In some areas and among some social
groups, such as the Hakka in southern China, women's' feet were generally not bound and even
among the imperial courts of

Wild Swans, by Jung Chang Essay
Wild Swans, by Jung Chang
The Chinese people have experienced rapid change, in government and culture in the 20th century.
Although the common people seemed to have risen up against oppression from the ruling class,
liberty and equality often remains out of their grasp. For centuries the dynastic cycle has dominated
the culture and collective consciousness of the Chinese people. This process is characterized by
unification, followed by prosperity and success, followed by corruption and instability, and finally
rebellion and overthrow. This gives way to a new dynasty that was said to have received the
mandate of heaven. This cycle, in some ways, ended with the fall of the Qing dynasty. This marked
the end of over 2000 years of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was born to parents whose marriage had been arranged, they were probably never in love,
neither before, nor after the wedding. Yu–fang's mother was not even given a name, and her husband
was 6 years younger than her and only a boy of fourteen at the time of their marriage. She was
expected to help raise her husband which was expected of a Chinese bride. Yu–fang's feet were
bound when she was the age of two. This was done by her own mother, and was an extremely
painful process. Jung Chang said, "My Grandmother screamed in agony and begged her to stop. Her
mother had to stick a cloth into her mouth to gag her. My grandmother passed out repeatedly from
the pain." (24) This painful tradition is one of the worst examples mistreatment of women that was
considered a necessity. Yu– fang was born in 1909. This was near the end of the Manchu Empire,
which had been ruling the nation for over 260 years. This was also a time when threat of Japanese
invasion was a constant reality in the region of Manchuria, which is where Yixian, the family's
hometown, was located. Yu–fang became a concubine to an official to the Metropolitan Police of the
Warlord government of Peking. Her father arranged for Yu–fang and General Xue to meet (making
it seem accidental to preserve his family honor) and received a considerable

May Fourth Movement and 1911 Revolution
Yunfang YANG
S2774352
Pac 10 China in Transformation 1900–1949
Note: special consideration granted for 1–week extension. Number: 14998.
Question: "In political, culture and social terms the May fourth movement was far more important
than the 1911 revolution". Discuss.
China made its modernisation through revolutions. There are two historical event scholars believes
can be threat as milestone of the transformation: 1911 Xinhai revolution, which brings an end to the
two thousand year of monarchy; May fourth movement which carried out by students in Beijing
protesting against the unfair treatment China get on the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The word
revolution means 'the fundamental change of power', where the word movement is 'a group ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Under the pressure of Fourth May movement, during the 1921 Washington conference, an
agreement is made between China and Japan, requires Japan to return all the previous Germany
leased territory, return the custom authority in Qindao to China and many railways (Frederick,
1999). Fourth May movement also puts pressure on the cabinet, which leads to the resignation of all
cabinet members. This movement shows the would that the Chinese people also have the ability to
choose who to lead the country. Different from seven years ago the Xinhai revolution, unions have
excised their power in democracy. Apart from foreign policy, during the movement, unions are
formed in major cities. Students, factories workers and many middle and low class people,
demonstrate their ability to influence the government, and express their opinions. Fourth May
movement helps spread communism. It is ambiguous to say whether this is good or bad. However
the communism party; who is ruling china right now; can never come this far; if it was for the
movement.
Consider the culture climate in China; May fourth movement is a breaking point. In this context,
culture defines as the 'set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an
institution, organization or group' (Mackerras, 1993). The 1911 revolution restores the Chinese rule,
but Dr Sun failed to establish a republic country. At the time, the majority of

Compare and Contrast: The Difference Between the United...
According to Chinese bureau of statistics, some 70% of student who come to the United States from
1978 to 2010 stayed in The United States. The hard choice of whether stay in The United States or
come back to China makes more and more Chinese people concentrate on a basic question: what is
the difference between The United States and China. Although both The United States and China are
world's major economies, in terms of living and working, The United States has advantages over
China in relationship between people, work relationship, and getting information.
People in the United States show more trust to each other than people in China do. In the United
States, returns of product can be made without receipt. However, in China, to ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
People in The United States can get access to more information than people in China through the
Internet, printed materials and films. Although censorship sometimes is imposed on the basis of
national security or obscene description, the United States still lives up to its fame of freedom of
getting information. In Chicago University library, in addition to books published in the United
States, books published in "evil–axis" countries are also exhibited in the library, although these
books may contain prejudice against the United States. However, in China, due to the decree on
politically sensitive topics including Taiwan, Boxer Rebellion, cultural revolution, etc. Generally,
printed materials are censored four times by both editors and Publication Company before it finally
comes out (Jiao Guobiao, 2004). Furthermore, there is no exception of censorship for books
published in foreign countries. Consequently, Sensitive topics like Boxer Rebellion are spotted
covered with sticky tape in The Oxford Illustrated English Dictionary. Film censorship is also a
controversial issue which bothers Chinese people. To protect children's young mind from sex,
violence or any other negative matters in films, films are rated into five categories (Anon., 2011).
Adults can get access to every type of film. Even children under 17 can view most of the films
available accompanied by parent and other adult guardian. However, like the Internet and printed
materials, censorship is

Winnie's Women Struggle
Drawing, crafting, and cutting the Chinese characters took longer than what was predicted, mainly
due to the delicate care and precaution I committed. The reason why I did this was because I was
trying to configure it in such a way that the characters display a delicate and refined structure.
Although the characters translated to "Women Struggle", I also incorporated some details that
represent society's status quo for women. For instance, for the phrase "women should look charming
and act perky", I made sure that the slices and cuts were somewhat precise. Despite trying so hard to
perfect the cuts, it was just too difficult to master, but that is also another meaning. With the little
slivers of paper jutting out, it demonstrates that women ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first artifact is a found poem called She Who Was Forgotten. This is a broad overview of how
society favors men over women, leaving females mistreated and somewhat abandoned. In addition,
it should be read from the perspective of a woman facing oppression in China. The second artifact
are pictures of the Chinese activity for women called foot binding. This excruciating act was solely
for women to become aesthetically pleasing and follow the societal norm of a frail and tiny female
body. The gruesome images should grant the reader an emotion of disgust and apathy towards
society, motivating them to seek change as well. The third artifact is the poster in which the artifacts
will be glued on. The poster will be red and embody a symbolic meaning behind it, encapsulating
why color is so prominent in Chinese culture. The final artifact is the Chinese characters. Not only
will it illustrate the literary technique that Tan writes, but it will also serve as a title. In addition, the
reason why the title will be in Chinese is because it should look very smooth, sleek, and pretty –
much like how society wants their women. As a note to the reader, please keep in mind that this
whole project is allegorical, and they should try to sympathize with the struggle that women faced at
the time. It will be hard to discern

The Spirit of the Chinese People
My father recommended to me Mr. Ku Hong–Ming's works when I was fresh out of high school. He
said that since I was going to major in English, it might be as well to read about Mr. Ku works and
try to understand how a Chinese writer's English writing, after such a long period, is still so widely
appreciated.
I remember quite clearly how I was totally shocked while for first time I read the great words by Mr.
Ku Hung–Ming. The collection of his articles, named "The Spirit of the Chinese People" is one of
his very magnum opuses ––a pure attempt to interpret the spirit and show the value of Chinese
civilization. The special emphasis was laid on the type of humanity the Chinese civilization has
produced, namely the man and woman, the type ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Loyalty and filial obedience, so to speak, has become the faith of most of them. Confucianism is not
a religion, yet it is better, for no doctrine of any single religion as that of Confucianism has so wide
a range of influence upon people's mind. Hence, Confucianism was dubbed by Mr. Ku "the state
religion".
Presently, we come across a certain kind of vignettes, more often than not, in the news papers as
well as in the magazines, talking about how wonderful about the western civilization and how
Chinese people should learn from the British–learn from their "sense of gentleman". May be after
some serious consideration, people may realize that while we were fascinated with the western
culture, the traditional "Chinese spirit" has begun to fade away from people's memory–benevolence,
justice and virtue, loyalty and filial obedience and the most basic "the sense of gentleman". Ku, with
his sarcastic tone, pointed out the worth of traditional Chinese culture to the flawed western values.
As far as I'm concerned, it can't be justified to criticize any single culture as worthless, opinions
differ. No single culture is without blemish, and maybe no judge of it is absolutely fair. But we
absolutely have a great responsibility to ponder on our own. "The sense of gentleman" within
Chinese culture should never be forgotten. As regard to benevolence, justice and virtue as well as
loyalty and filial obedience an old

The People's Republic of China vs. the Internet Essay
The introduction of the Internet to the mainstream world has brought with it a new way of
distributing information. This new distribution of information over the Internet has created a power
struggle between some states and their citizens. The basic definition of power is the action of a
person over another person to force the submissive person to do something he would not ordinarily
do. Brian A. Connery, a professor at Oakland University who has studied power, defines power as,
"Any capacity to get people to do what you want them to do." Power is evident in the relationship
between a state and its citizens. The government has power over its citizens to enact laws and
regulate society. In many societies, such as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result of this surge of information, the government has started to punish and imprison
dissidents who use the Internet to spread their ideas. That is why, the rise of information in China
has created a power struggle between the state and its citizens and has unmasked China's illegitimate
government.
Power can come in different forms and these classifications can make this relationship clearer so one
can comprehend the power struggle between the political elite and their citizens. If we can
comprehend the importance of the different types of power then we can begin to understand the
power the Chinese government exerts over its citizens. The authors Keohane and Nye explain the
different kinds of power and their uses. The first category is behavioral power. Behavioral power is
divided into sub–categories of hard and soft power – hard power being the capability to get people
to do what they usually would not through "threats or rewards," while soft power is the coercion of
people because they desire the same goals as those who hold the power. The second category is
resource power, which is classified as power in which an organ controls resources to reach the
desired outcomes. (86). The Chinese government, as the reader will come to see, uses hard power
and resource power in order to achieve the power they have over their

Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior
Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Amy Chua
"Hey fatty – lose some weight." Do you think this sound like a mother who is superior? According
to the Western idea of what good parenting includes this would be intolerable, but if you consider
this from an Eastern point of view this wouldn't be wrong or abnormal. In additional it seems that
Chinese parents can get away with things that Western parents can't which alludes to talk about two
different child–rearing methods which only has one thing in common – they do what they think is
best for the child. Amy Chua is an ardent supporter of the eastern way of bringing up children and
exposes some of her parenthood experiences in her article "Why ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They worry about how their children will feel if they fail at something, and they constantly try to
reassure their children about how good they are notwithstanding a mediocre performance on a test
or at a recital. In other words, Western parents are concerned about their children's psyches." Amy
Chua is also elaborating on her claims using evidence of what she's arguing for. By doing this she
seems more truthful and convincing basically because she substantiates her claims. "What Chinese
parents understand is that nothing is fun until you're good at it. To get good at anything you have to
work, and children on their own never want to work, which is why it is crucial to override their
preferences" As a consequence hereof the receivers and readers of her article sense that much of the
information we are given comes from a personal view and knowledge. Therefore the text is heavily
influenced by the author's subjectivity. She strongly grants favour to the Chinese method which can
outrage the readers because she is communicating to a Western culture and assaults the Western way
of handling upbringing. However Amy Chua manage to make use of the logos appeal which she
does by the provision of statistics "In one study of 50 Western American mothers and 48 Chinese
immigrant mothers, almost 70 % of the Western mothers said either that "stressing academic success
is not good for children" or that "parents need to foster the idea that learning

Comparing the Philosophy of Life in Christianity and...
Comparing the Philosophy of Life in Christianity and Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Philosophy not only is the fruit of thinking of the Chinese nation, but also is the important
component part of world culture. In Chinese philosophy, there are three main parts: Confucianism,
Buddhism and Taoism. Among them, Chinese Buddhism, which came from India, experienced a
course of sinicization under the influence of Chinese traditional culture represented mainly by
Confucianism and Taoism , so it keeps the general features of Buddhism ,and also formed its
Chinese characteristics. The changes of Chinese Buddhism from "going out of this world " to "being
in this world " and "building pure land in this world " fully manifested the humanistic spirit ... Show
In this way , in actual life, there are often conflicts and struggles between goodness and evil in
human nature. So Christianity stresses that human beings should believe in God, and depend on
God's power to ensure tending towards goodness, and entering the paradise after their death.
Buddhism, starting from its basic teaching "arising through causation (Pratityasamutpada)", believes
that all things are naturally formed from causes and condition (Hetupratyaya), man is also the
combination from Five Classifications (Pancaskandha), under given conditions and the result of
ignorance (Avidya). As for "man is the result of ignorance", it's a bit similar to Christian "original
sin ". but influenced by Confucius "goodness of human nature" and Taoist "return to nature and true
", Chinese Buddhism specially emphasizes the inner basis of "free from world ", and stresses that
human nature, which is naturally pure and enlightened but dirty and befuddled because of being
hoodwinked by desire. Only when man could see mind and enlighten nature by practicing
Buddhism, then he is free from world and become Buddha.
Comparative speaking, both Christianity and Buddhism have the tendency of paying close attention
to what happens

Post-Colonialism In Cinderella By Adeline
The novel was creatively written by Adeline that she was able to tackle about her life and at the
same time, illustrate the environment during the World War II and make readers visualize everything
going on back then. She was also able to inculcate many Chinese traditions to her readers
throughout the novel. One of which was the tradition during her grandmother's time wherein
women's feet were to be placed in metal shoes in order to avoid the increase in size of their feet. It
was said that women that time with tiny feet were considered the most respected and beautiful. We
can also see in the novel how treasured the Chinese language is– the fact is has remained the same
for more than three thousand years, despite the many invasions of other countries. From the novel,
we can relate the theory of Post–colonialism. A reverse of post–colonialism can be seen through the
wars against Chinese. As stated earlier, China's language was preserved even under it was ruled–
over by the Britain, France, and Japan. This is reverse post–colonialism because no matter the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another instance of Feminism in the novel was when Adeline's older sister was pushed to an
arranged marriage at a young age. Even if her sister did not refuse, probably because the man she is
to be married to was rich or the fact she just wanted to get away from her family, it is unfair for a
woman. Even with reasons to agree, an arranged marriage will always be an unfair situation to be in.
For this novel, we can also put in the theory of existentialism. We believe that this could be related
to the novel Chinese Cinderella because of the fact that Adeline made it alone. By this, we mean that
she was able to succeed because she had instilled in her mind that even without the help of others,
she would survive and excel. Thus she strived hard and eventually

My Family: Are You Born Chinese Or American?
Are you Chinese or American? Were you born at LA, or in China? I am frequently asked this type of
question. I am a Chinese American, born in the Tarzana Hospital, located in a suburb of LA. I am
blessed to have the opportunity to live in a great country, where the population is diverse and people
typically get along very well. But, I'm also proud to be in a intriguing and complicated part of
family trees and genealogies. My family tree originated in China and the majority of my ancestors
live there too; I am the first one to be born in the US. My dad and his precursors belong to the
Hakka people.1700 years prior, the Hakka people were living in the middle part of China. Due to
wars and famine, they migrated to the southeastern part of China

Asian Americans
Jose Cruz
Asian–Americans
Soc/262–Contemporary American Society
Nantrece Carraby
August 10, 2015
Asian Americans According to the United States Census Bureau the definition of Asians refers to
those people of origins of any original peoples of Southeast Asia, Far East, and or the Indian
subcontinent. Asian Americans cover four point eight percent of the United States population. Asian
Americans tend to have the highest educational accomplishments and income compared to other
races. Along with other races and ethnicities Asian Americans have a remarkable thorough history.
Analysis
Cultural value of Asians towards education Educational goals from Asian American parents play a
vast role in their children's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This act was but a revised act of the US– China Burlingame Treaty that allowed the United States to
suspend Chinese immigration. This act was only intended to last ten years but, was renewed again in
1892 and made permanent in 1902. This was the first United States law that prevented a specific
ethnic group from immigrating into the United States. Despite all this racism, came along the
Manguson Act which canceled the Chinese Exclusion Act in December 17, 1943.
Similarities and differences between Asians and Americans Just like many other families, Asian
values are similar to those of American values but, there are some differences. One main similarity
between Asians and Americans is that both seek for the best quality of life they possibly deserve.
The Asian culture is very communal and family orientated, unlike the American culture, Americans
tend to be very independent and individually orientated. An interesting topic that I came across was
how Asian and Americans interpret directness. In the Asian culture people tend to value politeness
above directness. On the other hand Americans tend to value directness over being polite, in other
words Americans lay it out how it is and Asians tend to sugar coat it. Other distinctive behaviors that
differentiate from Asian and Americans are how they feel about working hard. Asians value hard
work above play and Americans feel play

Footbinding Summary
Young Chinese Girls Footbinding in 900 C.E.
In the article "Footbinding: From Status Symbol to Subjugation" Lousia Lima wrote about how
Chinese women at young age had to footbinding. Footbinding at the young age is actually bad for
their feet because their toes would bend from those shoes which it looks like they have small feet.
Lima explained how it was started in china, "But historical records from the Song dynasty (960–
1279 A.D.) date footbinding as beginning during the reign of Li Yu, who ruled over one region of
China between 961–975" but it outlawed in 1912. The young girls may be forced but other young
girls may want do it for "binding their feet could be their passport to social mobility and increased
wealth" but either way, it is

Immigration Hardships Faced: 1950s-Present [Joy Luck Club]
JanyF1
Ms. –––––––––––––––––––––––––
Junior Honors Language Arts
16 March 2012
Immigration Hardships Faced: 1950s–Present Different themes in the book Joy Luck Club by Amy
Tan, feed into the reasons as to why many versatile readers have interests in this novel. It captures
the hearts of the young and old, American or non–American, and even the immigrants who seek for
someone that understands them. The novel portrays four Asian women and their adult Asian–
American daughters as they struggle to find themselves in America. The older generation seeks to
find their old traditions, customs, and character amongst their daughters who have become clashed
with American culture. And the daughters try to seek their identity and deal with internal ... Show
They see that joy and luck do not mean the same to their daughters, that to these closed American–
born minds "joy luck" is not a word, it does not exist. They see daughters who will bear
grandchildren born without any connecting hope passed from generation to generation. (Tan 41)
The mothers are essentially afraid that they will lose their daughters to "foreigners" as they once lost
their hopes and dreams in a place they once knew as China. June Woo is expressing the doubt the
circle of mothers feel about their children. The mothers who immigrated to America from China still
want to raise them the "Chinese way" not losing their culture. One of the mothers says "I wanted my
children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I
know these two things do not mix?"(Tan). The mothers don't want their stories of struggle to be lost
because of their alienated daughters. But their daughters are "are undergoing a slow death of their
own; drowning in American culture at the same time they starve for a past they can never fully
understand." (See).
The multiculturalization of Chinese–Americans not only affects the elderly, but also the young, who
grow up differently than their parents. A younger version of June, wanted to rebel against the bounds
that her mother had put on her in terms of her culture and states: "I had new thoughts, willful
thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won'ts.

Lee’s Function in East of Eden: a Spokesman of Steinbeck’s...
1. Introduction As Shimomura(1982) points out, Steinbeck's non–teleological thinking and the
Taoism, which was put forward by the ancient Chinese philosopher named Lao Tzu, share a great
deal of similarity, in that both of them view human beings from a detached and holistic standpoint. It
is not clearly known how Steinbeck, who is certainly a product of his time and his American milieu,
came to be acquainted with and interested in Lao Tzu's philosophy, but in Journal of A Novel, he
appreciates Lao Tzu so highly that he places Lao Tzu beside Plato, Buddha, Christ, Paul, and the
Great Hebrew prophets. It might safely be said that there must have been a seedbed in his
indigenous thought where a seed of Lao Tzu was sown, germinated, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, another interesting point in this relation lies in the passiveness of such a low position.
A person in a low position is unprotected by himself, but by becoming a servant to another person in
a higher position he begins to play a role in his own right and at last controls his master. This
master–servant relationship uttered by Lee reveals that once he has gotten employment by his
master, even a helpless person who has little social function by himself not only begins to fulfill his
own function but also gains predominance over his master. Consequently, this means that in this
relationship a master is no longer a master and a servant is also no longer a servant. Eventually in
this work this relationship results in the fact that Lee actually controls Adam in every situation. 3.
Lee as a spokesman of Lao Tzu's philosophy Similarly in the Lao Tzu, a collection of wise–sayings
which were written by a person named Lao Tzu about in the fourth century BC(Fukunaga, Hachiya,
Takahashi), the same topsy–turveydom in the sense of values can be found in one of the eighty
fragmentary writings. In chapter 78 it says: In the world there is nothing more submissive and weak
than water. Yet for attacking that which is hard and strong nothing can surpass

Confucianism vs Legalism
Chen Hanyu A0110820B Tutorial D5
Question 1: Introduction
For this paper, I will be discussing two opposing ideologies, Confucianism and Legalism. Towards
the later part of ancient China (e.g Han dynasty), states started to adopt a mixture of Confucianism
and Legalistic ideology. Why did Legalism and Confucianism fall off?
In this paper I will explore and provide my own insights on the shortcomings of both ideologies;
how Legalism was more persuasive in getting people to accept their ideas and more effective as an
ideology and how Confucianism lost out in both aspects.
Persuasiveness of Legalism
The central idea of legalism was to provide absolute power to the person in charge and the
supremacy of authority. Legalists like Han Fei Zi ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although it was well known that Confucius was elevated to high status after his death, his political
career was not as successful. Confucius spent many years trying to promoting his ideas to rulers in
different states but was not able to get through4. To understand why such a visionary philosopher
could not get others to agree with him, we will have to look at the nature of the Confucian theory
and why was it incapable of persuading the lords of countries.
Firstly, Confucianism prized the rule of men over the rule of law; that is to promote harmony in the
people over the interest of a ruler. If a ruler has appropriate personal conduct the government will be
effective without needing to issue order. However, the ruler do not have the correct conducts, his
orders will not be obeyed.
Secondly, Confucius viewed rules and laws as harmful. He argued that people led by laws and
punishments will try to avoid punishment but lose the sense of shame. If they are led by virtue and
guided by propriety, they will preserve their sense of shame and become good citizens5. He saw a
country as an extended family and a ruler should take care of his citizens like a father would take
care of his children. The ruler as the "father" would need to set a proper example for the right ethics
to flow down5.
Thirdly, the Confucianism school did not value institutions in inducing desirable

multicultural counseling Essay
Multicultural Counseling
After reading the many articles on the notion of diagnosis and counseling with multicultural/ethnic
patients, it has come to my attention that this focus is solely based on stereotypical attitudes. Sure, it
can be said that it is important for a therapist to have a background of the patient's heritage and
culture, but doesn't this necessarily mean that the outlook of the therapist will be put in a box by
doing so? I think multicultural competency is a ridiculous way to improve patient–therapist
relationships because of several reasons. First off, generalities and race–centralisms only hinder, not
improve, the inner workings of a therapy session. Second, there is no real way to test ... Show more
This bias will be formed in the "classroom" in which multicultural competency takes place. If
therapists are taught certain things about certain races, they have no choice but to implement these
issues into their practice. I think the implementation of any sort of knowledge is absolutely
dependent on the patient and what is the nature of their illness.
If there is a model for competency involving multicultural issues, the therapist, especially, is forced
to look at the information taught to s/he in the study for the competency. After going through the
process of understanding multicultural issues (however this is possible) and having passed the
"exam" that tells them that they are multiculturally competent, a strange occurrence will take place
when putting these studies into practical use in the therapy environment. Let's say that therapist Dr.
Harry Potter has a new patient coming in for the first time today. Her name is Janet Lee. Already by
having been a part of society for 40 some years, Potter makes the assumption that Lee is a Chinese
name; therefore his new patient is Chinese. Potter then puts on his therapists' hat and thinks back to
what he learned in his competency class about Chinese patients. He remembers what he learned of
their relationships with their parents, their understandings of the US and how they feel about
therapy. Now Janet walks in. They began conversing. Janet begins to feel

The First Source By Qui Jin
Both primary sources being compared come from Chapter 18 in "Worlds Together, Worlds apart."
The first source was written by Qui Jin, an early twentieth century Chinese feminist. In her essay
titled "An Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Country Women," she details the injustices to
Chinese women in this period. Jin also connects the fate of the Country to chinese women's futures.
By doing so she puts a nationalist view into her essay. The other source is another feminist piece;
this time coming from Bahithat al–Badiya, where she criticizes Egypt's religious traditions in effect
to women's freedom. Both women show some of the feminist ideas that were circling society at the
beginning of the twentieth century. Throughout the turn of the century worldwide insecurities were
rampant. Although modernism was Another insecurity would be the changing of roles for women in
a society that was already losing many social constructs due to the rising popularity of modernist
views. However, with decreasing economies and job loss, people start turning on their governments,
and trying to revert to older more traditional ways. Modern views were starting to be rejected by
many, and the growing anxieties of modern women fed to the views that change is for the worst.
Both these women's radical views represented the desire for new identities. A common desire for the
time, as people grew dissatisfied with their governments and wanted reform. Although a small
group, Chinese feminists were

Similarities Between Tang And Song Dynasty
Throughout the centuries and millennia, China has seen power exchange hands several times and
dynasties fall and rise. With these collapses of power, China has suffered through periods of division
and civil war. During the imperial era of Chinese rule, there was a period of four centuries in which
the country remained divided due to internal conflict. It was during this time that the Sui dynasty
came to power, founded by Emperor Wen of Sui. Shortly after it was founded, the Sui dynasty
reunified Northern and Southern China and naturalized non–Han citizens. After the Sui dynasty saw
its decline, the Li family seized power and formed the Tang dynasty and a few centuries later came
the Song dynasty. The Tang and Song dynasties saw some similarities ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
China's Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004. IvyCat. Web. 21
Apr. 2016.
FitzGerald, Charles Patrick. "Wuhou." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica,
n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. .
Lopez, Donald S. "Buddhism." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web.
21 Apr. 2016. .
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Tang Dynasty." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. .
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Song Dynasty." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Li Qingzhao." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Weiming, Tu. "Confucianism." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web.
21 Apr. 2016. .
Xi, Sun. "The Status of Women in the Song and Tang Dynasties." The Status of Women in the Song
and Tang Dynasties. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr.

The Body As Attire, By Dorothy Ko
In 1997, Dorothy Ko published an article in the Journal of Women's History called "The Body as
Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Footbinding in Seventeen–Century China". The article is organized
with a brief introduction as to what footbinding is, the negative outlook on this practice due to
problematic archives, and then she discusses the examples she gives to support her thesis. Ko's
thesis was "Chinese elite males in the seventeenth century regarded footbinding in three ways: as an
expression of Chinese wen civility, as a marker of ethnic boundaries separating Han from Manchu,
and as an ornament or embellishment of the body." Since Ko is a celebrated and established author
on women in early East Asia, the article "The Body as Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Footbinding
in Seventeen Century China" is an accurate and useful source if one is trying to study that area.
In the article, Ko highlights the many misconceptions modern people have on footbinding such as
keeping a woman's foot bound, kept them in a hobbled and subservient domestic state or as sex
objects . Afterwards, she states that our "certainties may turn out to be dead wrong" suggesting to
readers that she is going to shine a positive light on footbinding. Ko goes more in depth about the
three things men believed footbinding was, and why the tradition of binding ones foot was important
at that time. The Chinese believed that wearing shoes differentiated and distinguished them from
beasts as well as savages

Burkinshaw Plc
Burkinshaw Plc.
1)
The Chinese department store's order would require significant communication with the UK based
research and development centre which would take time to develop new ideas for products and cost
money as well. The factory is also running at high levels of capacity with capacity utilisation of 95%
which is 30% more than the UK factory. Since the factory is running at a higher capacity utilisation
level it means that the number of defective products has raised as well as the care for quality has
decreased and volume has increased. Andrew is worried this might not give the good impression that
is needed from the company as they are trying to sell high quality British products. The amounts of
defective products in the Chinese ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Andrew pays the Chinese workers 50% less than he did with the British workers and only 5% of the
employees are in a trade union meaning that there is a less likely chance of a strike occurring. There
is also a 40% number of staff that is temporary in the business which means that Andrew can choose
to hire and lay off staff during peak periods and when they are not needed. They also have close
links to recently graduated university students. The ROCE in China is 3.44% which is a lot better
than that of the –9.24% in the UK. The asset turnover in the UK was 1.17 and in China it was 2
which mean that they are selling more of their products in China than they were in the UK. The
gearing ratio in China is 50.17% which is average for the business and means that they are not in
risk of when the interest rate rise they will lose a lot of revenue. The employees that had been
working at Burkinshaw had worked there a long time before hand and had possessed unique skills
that would allow them to be in a niche market of handmade pottery products that had been hand
made to a high quality standard. In the UK the defective products was only 5.0% which was lower
than China by 2.5%. The EU and USA markets had showed more percentage of sales growth in
Burkinshaw's Plc markets than China did in 2005–2010 which would have been a safe bet to go with
rather than going to China.
4)
In the UK factories the capacity utilisation was only at 60% which meant they were not using the

The Cultural Identity Within Asian Writing Systems Essay
The Cultural Identity Within Asian Writing Systems
The style of Asian writing seems to be completely different from that of the western writing
systems. For starters, many western languages are phonetic: words are spelled out with symbols that
represent sounds. The way that a word looks has nothing to do with the meaning of the word. On the
other hand, the most recognized form of Asian writing, Chinese characters, are completely
pictographic. A single character is correlated to one sound or meaning. To convey more complicated
meanings, pictographs are either combined into new pictographs, or multiple characters are simply
used in succession. The meaning of words is depicted through pictographs, but for the most part,
there is no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The obvious reason for the divergence of these three languages seems to be completely out of
necessity: no matter how similar the spoken languages are, the three languages still are in fact, three
different languages belonging to three different countries that have spoken languages that have
evolved three different ways. However, an underlying issue of national pride and identity may be
partially responsible for the differences as well. Cultures often identify strongly with their
languages, and the Japanese and Koreans may have been simply searching for a sense of cultural
identity while the Chinese are proud of their writing system. Cultural identity may not be the
primary reason that the languages have evolved differently, but it definitely is a factor.
The spoken language for each culture had also been in place long before any written language had
been developed. To the outside listener, the three spoken languages may seem similar at first sight,
but a speaker of one of the languages will agree that Chinese is completely different from Korean
and Japanese. There is good reason for this too, as Chinese belongs to a family of languages known
as the Sino–Tibetan family. Sino–Tibetan languages are all monosyllabic and tonal. This means that
every spoken word only consists of a single syllable: more complex words are created by stringing
together multiple words.

A Rare Success in China
Disclaimer: It is against the The Negotiation Experts' principles to offer its services to the tobacco
industry. The Celanese case study has been reproduced for the purposes of study only, and is in no
way a condonement of the damage the tobacco is causing.
Overview
One of the most closely studied Chinese joint ventures is that involving Celanese Corporation of the
United States, a producer of value–added industrial chemicals, and China National Tobacco
Corporation (CNTC). The venture produces tow, the fluffy synthetic fiber in cigarette filters.
In 1982, when CNTC decided to increase its production of filter cigarettes, it was on the lookout for
international suppliers. Since all tow providers refused to sell their technology to ... Show more
New cultural difficulties arose daily, as Chinese practices collided with Western performance
imperatives. Celanese employees noted:
*
Crews of Chinese subcontractors would disappear for days at a time, leaving work unfinished. *
In work units supervised by foreigners, the Chinese observed workloads; but in those supervised by
Chinese, the workloads were usually reduced and additional employees hired. *
Many employees appeared indifferent to the satisfactory completion of the project. *
The Celanese habit of flagging errors or shortcomings was taken by many Chinese as a personal
affront–compounded by the indignity of seemingly being "talked down to."
The Nantong factory was completed in 1989, when the joint venture went into operation, with a
mixture of Chinese and U.S. managers and staff. Most of the Chinese managers appointed to the
new enterprise saw themselves as loyal to CNTC, and their allegiance to the new venture was
initially fragile. The Chinese managers discussed problems with their seniors at CNTC, rather than
with their U.S. venture colleagues. Neither side could identify with the new entity at first, and
managers held meetings in their native tongue, which upset those on the other side.
But overall, a long–term perspective was taken regarding the factory, where training was provided to

enable employees to carry out prescribed operations.
At the same time,

Essay on Cultural Universals Between United States and China
According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the definition of culture is "the customary beliefs,
social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group". Every country has its specific
culture and there are some obvious cultural universals between China and America. One example of
such cultural universal is the directness of American versus the humbleness of the Chinese people.
Another example would be the self independence of the young Americans versus the young Chinese
who tend to depend on their parents. What I would like to cover are the holidays observed by United
States and China, roles played in the family by husband and wife, parenting styles and conflict
management.
Holidays observed
There are two similar ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The father usually holds the dominant role and decision maker. According to quintessential website,
it mentioned that the institution of family is the pinnacle of society. It also mentioned that the
traditional Chinese family has a hierarchical order with the man as the head of the family. The father
of the house is also responsible for housing and educating his children up until the time of their
marriage.
The American families advocate equality. The husband and the wife usually have an equality voice
in decision–making, and on certain matters, family members are regarded as friend and they should
treated equality in daily life.
Parenting Style
Yale law professor Amy Chua wrote a book named "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother" and it talks
about parenting styles between the Chinese verses the Western styles. She said that parents who set
high standards tend to have kids who are more successful at school. It's also clear that Chinese
parents tend to spend more time pushing their kids to study, practice, and achieve. Her book created
a huge controversial piece for the Wall Street Journal on "Why Chinese mothers are Superior ". This
article is about the response of Amy Chua to all the book readers that she believed took her
parenting methods too serious. It explains how many

Footbinding: Domination or Choice? Essay
Although no definite reason or person has been identified as responsible for the birth of footbinding,
there are a few theories. One deals with the Shang dynasty's last empress' malformed feet. Some say
she had club feet, bound them in attempts to distil beauty from malformation, and convinced her
"spouse to make the compression of feet obligatory for young girls" (Levy, 37). Another scenario
involves the Mongols attempting to impair the health of the Chinese women in order to weaken the
Chinese. Still another theory, and possibly the most credible, involves the Chinese women
attempting to attain greater appeal. Footbinding was not started by women for want of greater self
control, nor did it originate from foreign powers. Well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Power relations were enforced with the practice of footbinding.
Filial piety was even strengthened by footbinding. After the pain wore off, the fact that a daughter's
parents were willing to exert that much pain on someone they love, and through doing so cause pain
to themselves, is often regarded with respect from the daughter. There are accounts of the aunt of the
daughter or another relative carrying out the binding because of the pain it caused the actual mother.
Footbinding was also an investment in the future. Not only would people think more highly of a
well bound woman than a woman with pig feet, but walking in bound feet was believed to help
other parts of the female anatomy grow in quality. "The difficulty of walking caused strength to be
concentrated in the buttocks, which became larger," (Levy, 141) said Chang Ching–sheng, as well as
the development of the vagina. The relationship of the large buttocks and thighs to the tiny feet also
had relevance, as it "made it easy for her to turn herself about in bed.... By contrast, a large footed
woman moving about under the bedcovers caused an annoying draft of cold air," which was most
undesirable to the man (Levy, 134). Although these are anatomically completely false, belief kept
the stories alive.
Despite the scientifically invalid conclusions of the Chinese in regards to the development of the
buttocks, thighs, and

Daoism And Confucianist Societies Essay

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