mimo controllers for PHEV

1. A Non-isolated Multi-input Multi-output
DC–DC Boost Converter for Electric
Vehicle Applications
Jameel Ahmad Department of Electrical
Engineering, UET Lahore

3. Solar powered residential home with plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle (PHEV) loads

4. Motivation
 Hybridization of Energy Sources
 the loads power can be flexibly distributed between input sources
 Charging or discharging of energy storages by other input sources can be controlled
properly
 Several outputs with different voltage levels which makes it suitable for interfacing to
multilevel inverters
 Multilevel inverter leads to reduction of voltage harmonics reducing torque ripple of
electric motor in electric vehicles
 Electric vehicles which using dc motor have at least two different dc voltage levels,
one for ventilation system and cabin lightening and other for supplying electric motor.

5. Serial and Split-power Hybrid Electric Vehicle

6. Contents
 Introduction
 Multiport DC-DC Boost Converter Structure and Operational
Modes
 Dynamic Modeling of the Proposed Converter Using State Space
Averaging Method
 Battery Charging and Discharging Modes
 Small Signal Modeling and Steady State Analysis
 Controller Design and Duty Cycle Generation
 Simulation Results Using MATLAB/SIMULINK
 Conclusion

7. Electric Vehicle Efficiencies and Carbon
Footprint
Transportation, a major contributing factor for
greenhouse gas emissions has started to electrify its
infrastructure by using Electric Vehicles (EV)
Result is
1.Reduce Carbon Footprint and environmental pollution
2.Reduced Fuel Cost
3.Increased Energy efficiency: a pure EV has a high
efficiency (68%) compared to Fuel Cell (FC) based EVs
(30%)

8. Multiport Isolated and non-isolated DC-DC
Converters
Non-isolated DC/DC voltage converters:
• Buck (step-down) converters
• Boost (step-up) converters
• Buck/boost (step-up/step-down) converters
• Inverting converters
• SEPIC converters
• Switched-capacitor voltage converters
• Less Noise filtering blockage
Isolated DC/DC voltage converters:
• Flyback converters
• Forward converters
• Push-pull converters
• Resonant converters
• Half-bridge converters
• Full-bridge converters
•have strong noise and interference blocking
capability thus provide the load with a cleaner
DC source which is required by many
sensitive load. various equipment from
•data com to telecom.

9. Isolated Buck Converter

10. Non-Isolated MIMO BOOST Converter Structure

11. Structure for 2x2 MIMO Converter

12. Battery Discharging Mode

13. Small Signal Dynamic Model of ConverterSmall Signal Dynamic Model of Converter
State Variables and State
Space Model
State Space Averaging Model of Converter from
eqns 1-4
State Vectors
Calculation of Duty Cycle from Steady State Analysis

14. System Matrices and Transfer Functions : g11, g22, g33
Battery Discharging Mode
Transfer Function of Converter

15. Simulation Bode Plot of g11 (Discharging Mode):
Before and After the Compensation

16. Transfer function: Uncompensated
6.752e006 s + 3.858e008
-----------------------------------------
s^3 + 57.14 s^2 + 8.986e004 s + 2.544e006
Transfer function: Compensated
1.958e007 s^2 + 1.886e010 s + 1.014e012
--------------------------------------------------------
s^4 + 7699 s^3 + 5.265e005 s^2 + 6.892e008 s +
1.944e010
D1 =
0.5780
D3 =
0.5539
D4 =
0.7890
IL =
5.4163
Calculation of g11 and Duty Cycles

17. d4 Duty Cycle Generation and Compensated g11
SIMULINK Model

18. Re-produced Result : g11 Uncompensated-
Discharging Mode

19. Re-produced Result : g11 Compensated-
Discharging Mode

20. Paper Bode Plot of g22 (Discharging Mode):
Before and After the Compensation

21. Reproduced Result: Bode Plot of g22
(Battery Discharging Mode): Before and After the Compensation

22. g22 and duty cycles : Battery Discharging Mode
 Uncompensated g22
Transfer function:
3.292e006 s + 9.405e007
-----------------------------------------
s^3 + 57.14 s^2 + 8.986e004 s + 2.544e006
Compensated g22
9.533e006 s^3 + 2.584e010 s^2 + 1.24e013 s + 3.335e014
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
s^5 + 1.71e004 s^4 + 2.054e006 s^3 + 1.59e009 s^2 + 1.324e011 s + 2.521e012
D1 =
0.5780
D3 =
0.5539
D4 =
0.7890
duty cycles

23. Calculation of g22 and Duty Cycle d3 Generation:
Battery Discharging Mode
g22

24. Simulation Bode Plot of g33 (Discharging Mode):
Before and After the Compensation

25. Calculation of g33 and Duty Cycles:
Battery Discharging Mode
Uncompensated g33
Compensated g33
duty cycles
Transfer function:
1.772e004 s^2 + 1.519e006 s + 1.511e007
-----------------------------------------
s^3 + 57.14 s^2 + 8.986e004 s + 2.544e006
Transfer function:
1.772e004 s^3 + 5.064e006 s^2 + 3.19e008 s + 3.022e009
---------------------------------------------------------
s^4 + 62.14 s^3 + 9.015e004 s^2 + 2.993e006 s + 1.272e007
D1 =
0.5780
D3 =
0.5539
D4 =
0.7890

26. Calculation of g33 and Duty Cycle d1 Generation:
Battery Discharging Mode
g33

27. Simulation Parameters

28. System Level Simulation

29. PWM Generation Mechanism in a DC-DC Converter

31. Actual Paper Results-Battery Discharging Mode
( Ib=4A, VO1=80V,VT=120V )

32. Reproduced Results-Battery Discharging
( Ib=4A, VO1=80V,VO2=40V

34. Reproduced Results-Battery Discharging ( Ib=4A,
VO1=80V,VO2=40V

35. Battery Charging Mode

36. SIMULINK Model: Battery Charging Mode

37. Simulation Bode Plot of g11 (Charging Mode):
Before and After the Compensation

38. PWM Control Signal Generation-d4
Battery Charging Mode

39. Simulation Bode Plot of g22 (Charging Mode):
Before and After the Compensation

40. PWM Control Signal Generation-d1
Battery Charging Mode

41. Simulation Bode Plot of g33 (Charging Mode):
Before and After the Compensation

42. PWM Control Signal Generation-d2
Battery Charging Mode

43. Paper Results: Battery Charging Mode

44. Reproduced Results-Battery Charging
( Ib=4A, VO1=80V,VO2=40V

45. Reproduced Results-Battery Charging ( Ib-ref=-
0.9A, VO1=80V,VT=120V

47. Hardware Implementation

48. Thanks ?