Use of Pervious Concrete in Pavements

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 961
Use of Pervious Concrete in Pavements
Satish Bagmore1, Harsh Rathore2
1 M.Tech Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, SAGE University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
2 Professor, Civil Engineering Department, SAGE University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract - The unique and efficient use of perviousconcrete
pavement may help to satisfy the needs of the environment.
Pervious concrete aids in recharginggroundwaterbycatching
precipitation and letting it sink into the earth. In fact, using
pervious concrete while building pavement in India'shot, low-
rainfall regions seems to be important for raising the water
table. By doing away with the requirement for storm water
management systems like retention ponds and swales, this
paving technology allows for more effective land use.
Keywords: Portland cement pervious concrete (PCPC),
flood mitigation, Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate,
workability of concrete
1. INTRODUCTION
Pervious concrete is an alternative paving surface that may
be used to minimise the nonpoint source pollution
consequences of stormwaterrunofffrompavedsurfaces like
roads and parking lots by allowing some of the precipitation
to seep into the ground below. The typically negative
environmental effects of growth may be lessened with a
pervious substantial asphalt framework that is properly
arranged. By supplanting existing regular asphalts, pervious
substantial asphalt frameworks may likewise be used to
upgrade the ecological exhibition of current locales without
diminishing their business esteem. With customary flood
alleviation or water quality choices, it is hard to at the same
time keep up with water quality,limitflooding,improvebase
stream, and safeguard significant stopping places for the
land owner, especially in retrofit applications. Portland
cement pervious concrete (PCPC) has a proven track record
of success in the Southeast of the United States, but up until
recently, it was seldom used in areas that saw frequent
freeze-thaw cycles. Evaluation of real field performance is
crucial as a result. Due to its advantages in lowering runoff
water volumes, advancing water quality, expanding asphalt
slide obstruction during storm occasions by considering
speedy water waste, and bringing down asphalt clamor,
Portland concrete pervious cement (PCPC) is being used
progressively ordinarily. Perviouscementisonlysometimes
utilized in the US on the grounds that PCPC frequently has
huge porosity and unfortunate strength, especially in cruel
wet freeze circumstances (e.g., the Midwestern and
Northeastern US and differentareasoftheplanet). Increased
usage of pervious concrete in these locationswill bepossible
because to improvements in its strength and freeze-thaw
resistance.
2 BENEFITS OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
A lot of people are becoming interestedinperviousconcrete.
Many governments throughout the globe have turned their
attention to a varietyof environmental advantages,including
minimising water and soil pollution, managing storm water
runoff, and replenishing groundwater resources. Concrete
made using Portland cement that is permeable to water is a
discontinuous combination of coarse aggregate, hydraulic
cement, and other cementious elements, admixtures, and
water. If the underlying soil is adequate for drainage,
constructing a permeable surfaceallowsstormwaterto pass
through the pavement and through the soil underneath.
3 COMPONENTS OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
The basic ingredients of pervious concrete are cement,
water, and coarse aggregate. Higher compressive strength
may be achieved by adding a little quantity of fine aggregate.
It's common practise to utilise additional admixtures such
High/Center Reach WaterMinimizer(HRWR,MRWR),water
retarder, thickness modifying admixtures, and filaments. In
specific occasions, fly debris is utilized instead of Portland
concrete to work on the manageability of pervious cement.
3.1 Course Aggregate
The primary component of pervious concrete is coarse
aggregate. It has been discovered that the characteristics of
pervious concrete are influenced by the gradation, size, and
kind of coarse aggregate. In pervious concrete, coarse
aggregate grading typically consists of either a single size of
coarse aggregate or a narrow grading between 3/4 and 3/8
in. (199.5 mm).
3.2 Fine Aggregate
Usually pervious concrete is made with a fine aggregate to
increase its mechanical strength. However, adding fine
aggregate usually results in a reduction in permeability.
However, it is advised to keep the proportion of fine
aggregate to no more than 7% of the overall weight of
aggregate in order to ensure that permeability is met.
3.3 Cement
The pervious concrete also includes Portland cement as a
significant component. Pervious concrete typically uses
cement of type I or type II. The quantity and size of coarse
aggregate as well as the amount of water in the cement

determine its composition.Thereareseveral authoritiesthat
prescribe various volumes of cement.
3.4 Fly Ash
As a partial replacement for cement in pervious concrete,fly
ash may be utilised. Concrete that is porous may be made
using any of the two types of fly debris, Class C or Class F fly
debris. Right now, 5-65% of thePortlandconcreteinaverage
cement might be supplanted by fly debris. Fly debris is a
side-effect of consuming coal in power plants, therefore
utilising it instead of cement productionsavesenergy.Thisis
the clear benefit of using fly ash. Fly ash also makes concrete
more workable and enhances the way it flows.
3.5 Water.
Pervious concrete requires water as a key ingredient. It is
important to provide enough water to fully achieve cement
hydration. But too much water will cause the paste to settle
at the pavement's base and clog the pores. Meanwhile, too
much water results in more porosity and less strength since
it widens the space between particles. With the right
quantity of water, pervious concrete's strength will be
maximised without suffering from reduced permeability.
3.6 Admixtures
In order for pervious concrete to have acceptable
characteristics, additives are sometimes required. The most
common admixtures used in pervious concrete are fibres,
air-entraining agents, water retarders, viscosity-modifying
agents, and HRWR and MRWR.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
(Diniz 1980). The Franklin Organization Exploration
Research facilities made pervious black-top asphalt
frameworks in the mid 1970s to consent to the Government
Water Contamination Control and Flood Catastrophe
Security Demonstrations of the US. One method for
diminishing how much direct water spillover from asphalts
and further developing tempest water quality is PCPC
(Water Climate Exploration Establishment, 2005).
(Youngs 2005; Maynard 1970). In England andtheUnited
States, permeable concrete pavement has been utilised for
more than 30 years.
Beeldens 2001; Kajio et al. 1998 In order to increase skid
resistance and quiet down traffic, PCPC is also commonly
utilised as a surface course for highway applications in
Europe and Japan.
Tennis et al. 2004 In the United States, full-depth PCPC is
now used for parking lots, walkways, and, in certain
situations, low-volume roadways for storm water
applications.
Federal Register 2004 Using PCPC, the requirement for
additional control structures like retention ponds is
decreased orcompletelyremovedby permittingstorm water
to saturate through the asphalt. The tremendous surface
region of PCPC also facilitates the natural attenuation of
microorganisms, which lowers the concentration of
pollutants, and helps clean the majority of contaminants in
storm water. The contaminants are trappedinthepavement
system, preventing them from building up in surrounding
surface waterways and so improving water quality in
general. The volume of tempest water overflow and the
debasements in the spillover water should be decreased to
levels that are close to those of pre-development by both
private property owners and governmental entities.
Kajio et al. 1998; (2004) Tennis and others Detention
ponds and vegetative buffers are two methods for achieving
these reductions (WERF 2005). To achieve these decreases
in runoff and to first treat storm water, pervious concrete is
a useful technique. Additionally advantageous are the
following features of PCPC's open structure: As a result of
enabling trees to develop without experiencing root heave,
there will be an improvement in skid resistance, a decrease
in noise levels, a quick dissolving of the snow, and a
counteraction of blaming on walkways and sporting ways.
Yang and Jiang, (2003) utilized low strength pervious
cement for the clearing of the streets. It had been delivered
to make the pervious asphalt materials, which comprised of
a base layer and a surface layer. The pre-arranged material
has a 50 MPa most extreme compressive strength and a 6
MPa greatest flexural strength. The materials' water
entrance, scraped spot obstruction, and solidness during
freezing and defrosting are all deemed to be extremely
excellent. It has been noted that pervious material may be
used on both the automobile road and the sidewalk. It is a
paving material with little environmental impact.
Haselbach et al. (2006). The porousness of sand, the
porosity of the unclogged block, and the compelling
penetrability ofa sand-obstructedpervioussubstantial block
have all been associated hypothetically. In a flume with
reenacted rainfalls, penetrability has been evaluated for
Portland concrete pervious substantial designs totally
covered with extra-fine sand. The trial discoveries were in
great concurrence with the hypothetically anticipated
penetrability of the pervious substantial framework for
pervious substantial frameworks totally covered in sand. To
plan and survey pervious concrete as a clearing surface for
watershed the board frameworks that direct how much
overflow, taking into account the outcomes is essential.
Kevern et al. (2012) played out a concentrate on a site in
Iowa where both a pervious Where concrete and a regular
substantial asphalt framework were built, temperatures
inside the systems were monitored over lengthy periods of
time. The studies take into account days with little to no
prior precipitation and high air temperatures, which are

severe circumstances for UHI effect. The rise in total heat
stored in each of these systems during numerous diurnal
heating cycles is compared in this essay. These assessments
take into account the heat stored below grade as well as the
temperatures at different depths, depending on the mass of
the different layers in every framework. Results show that
pervious substantial asphalt arrangements mayreduceUHIs
and store less energy than standard systems.
Leming et al. (2007) ability of pervious cement to all the
while Different choices for water quality or floodreliefmake
it challenging to keep up with water quality, limit flooding,
improve base stream, and safeguard significant stopping
places for the land owner, especially in retrofit applications.
A unique initiative chance for stewardship in setting touchy
structure and low-influence improvement is likewise given
by pervious cement (Top). This article makes sense of the
fundamental hydrologic conduct of pervious substantial
asphalt frameworks and outlines the fundamental plan
approaches reasonable for a scope of areas and conditions.
The drawbacks of these approaches are also briefly
discussed in this paper.
5. PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND
MAINTENANCE
5.1 TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
PERVIOUS CONCRETE
Because pervious concrete pavement has pores that let
rainwater collect, runoff is drastically reduced. Two
utilitarian layers, like a better top layer and a more
unpleasant base layer, areoftenpresentinperviousconcrete
pavement. There are two advantages to using functional
layers. First of all, the pervious concrete pavement
technology is more effective in reducing traffic noise.
Additionally, since the finer matrix prevents troublesome
substances like sand, mud, and debris from penetrating the
pavement too deeply, a finer pore structure at the pavement
surface lowers clogging. Figure 1 displays an example of a
pervious concrete cross-section.
Fig 1 Typical cross-section of pervious concrete pavement
5.2 APPLICATION OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE FOR
VARIOUS PAVEMENTS
Driveways, parking lots, and (rarely) high traffic roadways
are common applications for pervious concrete pavements.
Due to its various uses, each has a somewhat distinct design.
The kind of sub-grade also affects the design;therearemany
categories for sub-grades of soil, such as expansive and
impermeable sub-grade. A typical parking lot or driveway
pavement is shown in Figure 2. A reservoir madeofstonesis
covered by four inches of permeable pavement (eight
inches). At the base of the sub-base, a non-woven geotextile
fabric is positioned.
Fig. 2: Typical pervious concrete parking and driveway
pavement
6. CONCLUSION
1. Pervious concrete is useful in replenishing groundwater
because it collects precipitation and allowsittosoak intothe
earth.
2. The lack of sand in a pervious concretemixtureresultsina
high void content.
3. Pervious concrete must includewaterasa component. Itis
important to provide enough water to fully achieve cement
hydration. However, too much water will cause the pores to
get clogged and the paste to settle at the pavement's base.
7. REFRENCES
1. Beeldens, A., D. Van Gemert, and C. Caestecker. 2003.
Porous Concrete: Laboratory Versus
2. Diniz E. V. 1980. Porous Pavement: Phase I – Design and
Operational Criteria. EPA-600/2-80- 125. Cincinnati, OH:
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of
Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
3. Federal Register. 2004. Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and New SourcePerformanceStandardsfortheConstruction
and Development Category. Federal Register 69.80.
Ferguson, B. K. 2005. Porous Pavements. New York: Taylor
and Francis Group.

4.Haselbach, L. M., Valavala, S., & Montes, F. (2006).
Permeability predictions for sand-clogged Portland cement
pervious concrete pavement systems.Journal of
environmental management, 81(1), 42-49.
5.Kajio, S., S. Tanaka, R. Tomita, E. Noda, and S. Hashimoto.
1998. Properties of Porous Concrete with High Strength.
Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Concrete
Roads: 171–177.
6.Kevern, J., Schaefer, V., & Wang, K. (2009). Temperature
behavior of pervious concrete systems. Transportation
Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research
Board, (2098), 94-101.
7.Leming, M. L., Malcom, H. R., & Tennis, P. D. (2007).
Hydrologic design of pervious concrete.
8.Maynard, D.P. 1970. A Fine No-Fines Road. Concrete
Construction: 116.
9.Tennis, P.D., M.L. Leming, and D.J. Akers. 2004. Pervious
Concrete Pavements. Special publication by the Portland
Cement Association and the National Ready Mixed Concrete
Association.
10.Water Environment Research Foundation(WERF).2005.
International Storm water Best Management Practices
Database. http://www.bmpdatabase.org.
11.Yang, J., & Jiang, G. (2003). Experimental study on
properties of pervious concretepavementmaterials.Cement
and Concrete Research, 33(3), 381-386.
12.Youngs, A. 2005. Pervious Concrete: It’s for Real.
Presentation at the Pervious Concrete and Parking Area
Design Workshop, Omaha, NE.

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