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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 741 Study the Mechanical Properties of Jute and Sisal fiber reinforced Hybrid Composite Materials P.RAVI TEJA1, M Y PRASAD RAO2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.V.G.R ENGINEERING COOLEGE 2Asst Prof M.V.G.R COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In spite of the intrigue and ecological intrigue of characteristic strands, their utilization is restricted to non- bearing applications, becauseoftheirlowerqualitycontrasted and engineered fiber fortified polymer composite. The solidness and quality weaknesses of bio-composites can be overwhelmed by auxiliary designs and better plan it might be said of setting the fibbers in explicit areas for most elevated quality execution. As needs be, broad examinations on readiness and propertiesofpolymer networkcomposite(PMC) supplanting the manufactured fiber with characteristic fiber like Jute, Okra, Sisal, Pineapple, Bamboo, Kenaf and Bagasse were completed. These plant filaments have numerous focal points over glass fiber or carbon fiber like sustainable, natural agreeable, minimal effort, lightweight and high explicit mechanical execution. As of late, the expansion for natural security and reusability affected the advancement of cross breed composite. Half and halfcompositematerialsareknown chiefly for high elasticity, hardness and effect quality. In this present Experiment, half and half composites of jute and okra strands were set up by hand layup procedure and tests were exposed to the mechanical testing, for example, pliable, hardness, compressive and effect stacking. Examinations of examples are finishedbyutilizingANSYS. Thehypothetical and expository outcomes are looked at. Key Words: Jute Fiber, Sisal Fiber, Epoxy Resin, Mechanical Properties. 1. INTRODUCTION Materials and material improvement are central to our very culture. We even major recorded times of our general public to materials, for example, the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, steel age and silicon age. This reflects how significant materials are to us. The word composites gotten from the Latin word, compositeswhichmeansetuptogetherimplying something made by assembling portions of materials. As a rule, composites are materials which comprise of at least two physically particular and precisely distinct segments, existing in at least two stages. The mechanical properties of composites are better than those of its individual constituents, and now and again might be exceptional for explicit properties. For the most part, composites have two stages for example constant and irregular. The irregular stage is generally more grounded and harder than the ceaseless stage and is known as the fortification, and the persistent stage is named as the framework. The developing environmental concern and government guidelines lead to an ascending in the interest of the characteristic strandsasa substitute for engineered fibers. The regular filaments, for example, okra, hemp, sisal, jute,flax,carbon,andbamboo are sustainable and biodegradable in nature and have high specialized characteristics, for example, great modulus and explicit quality, low thickness and cost, and decreased dermal and respiratory aggravation. The mechanical properties of normal filaments, especially hemp, sisal, carbon, jute, flax are moderatelygreatand maycontendwith glass strands as far as explicit quality and modulus. 1.2 1.1 COMPOSITES A composite material is made by joining at least two materials regularly ones that have very various properties. The two materials cooperate to give the composite extraordinary properties. Be that as it may, inside the composite you can without much of a stretch distinguish the various materials as they don't break up or mix into each other. Composites are a standout amongst the most progressive and versatile designing materialsknowntomen. Advances in the field of materials science and innovation have given birth to these entrancing and awesomematerials. Composites are heterogeneous in nature, made by the get together of atleast twosegmentswithfillersorstrengthening strands and a compactable grid. The grid might be metallic, earthenware or polymeric in inception. It gives the composites their shape, surface appearance, natural resistance and generally speaking toughness while the stringy support conveys the vast majority of the basic loads along theselines giving plainly visiblefirmnessandquality.A composite material can give predominant and exceptional mechanical and physical properties since it consolidates the most alluring propertiesofitsconstituentswhilestiflingtheir least attractive properties. At present composite materials assume a key job in aeronautic trade, car industry and other building applications as they show exceptional solidarity to weight and modulus to weight proportion 1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES Composites are basically classified into different category and they are classified by the following types: 1.2.1 Based on the matrix material which forms the continuous phase, the composites are broadlyclassified into 1.2.1.1 Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) 1.2.1.2 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 742 1.2.1.3 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) 1.2.1.4 Carbon/Carbon Composites (C/Cs) 1.2.1.1 Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) Polymer Matrix Composites are conspicuous class of composites contrasted with other composite materials in business applications. PMC is the most generally utilized composites, because of its points of interest, for example, basic assembling rule, minimal effort and high quality.Atthe point when the network material is polymer, the composite is called polymer grid composites. Thermoplastics offer the upsides of goodmechanical andtribological properties.Fiber Materials: Boron, Graphite, Carbon. Most of the PMCs use either carbon-graphite or aramid filaments, which are the fundamental business strands Matrix Materials: Thermoplastic, Epoxy and Thermo-set materials. 1.2.1.2 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) Metal framework composites are propelled class of basic materials comprising of non-metallic fortifications joined into the metallic matrix. MMCs are generally utilized in building applications where the working temperatureliesin the middle of 250 ºC to 750 ºC. Grid materials: Aluminum, Titanium, Copper, Magnesium and Super alloys. Reinforcement materials: Silicon carbide, Boron, Molybdenum and Alumina. 1.2.1.3 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) Fired Matrix Composites are propelled class of basic materials comprising of metallic/non-metallic fortifications consolidated into the fired matrix. CMCs are broadlyutilized in building applications where the working temperaturelies in the middle of 800ºC to 1650ºC. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Title:Handlayup:understandingthemanualprocess. Author: M.Elkington, D. Bloom, C.Ward. It expresses that hand lay up of pre-impregnated woven materials is as yet a huge piece of the composite assembling industry. It is fit for delivering elite and complex parts, however can be a costly and variable procedure. This work presents itemized investigation of the methodology and procedures utilized by laminators. The activitiestransported in layup were gathered in to eight unmistakable systems, utilization of these methods crosswise over errands of various geometry, slope edges, radii and wrap way was distinguished utilizing videoexaminationstrategiesfromthe ergonomics field. This uncovered solid connections between explicit highlights and procedures, uncovering an orderly way to deal with layup. To examine the overlay procedure in detail and it has distinguished a lot of systems which structurethe premise of layup. It additionally consideredthe capacities and points of confinement of these systems have been investigated [1]. 2.2 Title: Studies on the mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced poly (l-lactic acid) composites. Author: G.M. Abruzzian Khan, Merino. It clarifies that bio-composites as an ideal substitution of the plain-woven jute texture strengthened poly (l-lactic corrosive) (PLLA) composites were set up by the hot press shaping technique.Theimpactofwovenstructureandcourse on the mechanical properties i.e... Pliable, flexural, sway properties was explored. The normal rigidity, tractable modulus, flexural modulus and effect quality of untreated woven jute composite were improved about 103%, 211%, 95.2%, 42.4%, and 85.9%, separately and resist greatest malleable worry for composite examples was upgraded by 11.7%. It was likewise discovered that the quality that the qualities and modulus of composites in twist course are higher than those in weft heading. It additionally clarified that woven jute fiber composites in twist and weft bearings introduced predominant mechanical properties than non- woven jute texture composites. Compound treatment of jute texture through benzoylation demonstrated a beneficial outcome on the properties of composites [2]. 2.3 Title: Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites with Polyester and Epoxy Resin Matrices Author: AjithGopinath, SenthilKumar,M.Elayaperumakl In this paper, it expresses that thejuteepoxydisplayedbetter ductile and flexural properties. The handling time required for the jute polyester composite is exceptionally less contrasted with jute epoxy composite. The consequences of this exploration demonstrate better mechanical properties for jute-epoxy, which improves it appropriate for the car applications rather than jute-polyester composites. Despite the fact that the composites have a few benefits and negative marks the mix of the valuable properties of two diverse material, snappier preparingtimelowerassemblingcost,and so forth., make them as a flexible material in the field of building and innovation. Consequently with this end, it is certain that the innovation indicates composite is the most wanted material in the ongoing pattern [3]. 2.4 Title: Tensile behaviour of environmentfriendlyjute epoxy laminated composite Author: Md.RashnalHossain, Md.Aminul Islam. In this paper longitudinalbearing,theelasticityandsolidness of 0-0 overlay composites have been observed to be higher contrasted with that of 0-45 or 0-90 cover composites. A similar way, nonetheless, the patterns forbowingqualitytest outcomes were inverse. The higher estimations of rigid qualities the longitudinal way was because of higher level of fiber haul out toward this path, which caused a moderately
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 743 more elevated amount ofcracksurface.Transverseway,both the tractable and twisting qualities 0-0 overlay composites have been observed to be lower contrasted with that of 0- 45or 0-90 cover composites. On account of transverse heading of 0000 [unidirectional] composites the fortified jute fiber experienced uncommon cutting and fibrillation. This conduct of jute fiber is accepted to the primary explanation behind the poor transverse mechanical properties of the created composite. Contrasted with transverse three point bowing of 0000[Unidirectional] composite 045-450 composite indicated higher quality. This moderately higher quality of 045-450 composite is because of the shear lip type crack surface [4]. 2.5 Title: Fabrication, characterization and modelling of laminated composites based on woven jute fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Author: Hind Abdellaoui, HalaBensalah, Jamal Echaabi. It expresses that the assembling and investigation of mechanical properties of overlaid composite dependent on common jute strands and epoxy sap. This covered composite is set up by utilizing a pressure framework as indicated by two jute fiber course (00 and 450), and two example cutting headings (00 and 450). Test results demonstrate that the mechanical propertiesincrementswithexpandingofnumber of layers. The most extreme youthful's modulus of covered with 1, 3, 5, 7 layers were found separately at 5264, 5902, 6400 and 5562 MPa in the event of 00 fiber heading and 00 cutting course. It was additionally examined that the utilization of various staking direction diminishes the anisotropic character of acquired composites. The impact of number of layers and fiber headings on the mechanical conduct of composites was analyzed [5]. 2.6 Title: On the Effect of the Fiber Orientation on the Flexural Stiffness of Injection Molded Short Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Plates. Author: N.M. NEWS, G. ISDELL, and A. S. POUZADA. In this paper through-thicknessfiberdirectiondissemination of infusion shaped polycarbonate plates was tentatively controlled by light reflection microscopy and manual digitizationofcleanedcrossareas.Fiberlengthdissemination was controlled by pyrolysis tests pursued by picture examination. A measurable examination was done to decide the certainty furthest reaches of the fiber direction results. The fiber direction dissemination was portrayed by utilizing second-request direction tensors. The through thickness firmness varieties were controlledbythedirectionaveraging approach. This layer solidness circulation was utilized to reproduce the conduct of bars exposed to three points bowing with a FEM ANSYS model. The outcomes were contrasted and tentatively decided flexural firmness both in the stream bearing and in the transverse stream course. The impact of stream rate and dissolve temperature on firmness and fiber direction is talked about [6]. 2.7 Title: Fabrication and Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Sisal, Jute & Okra Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites Author: I.V.Surendra, K. VenkateswaraRao, K.V.P.P. Chandu. The fundamental target in this paper is to manufacture and examination of mechanical properties of sisal characteristic fiber strengthened polymer compositeand crossbreed(sisal + jute + okra) normal fiberfortifiedpolymercomposite.Cross breed composite is manufactured by including 35% of sisal, 35% of jute and 30% of okra fiber. Mechanical properties,for example, Tensile properties (rigidity, ductile modulus), Flexural properties (Flexural quality, Flexural modulus), Impact quality when exposed to changing loads of fiber (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2 grams) were resolved [7]. 3. MATERIALS It presents the details of the tests related to thermal and hygroscopic characterization of the prepared polymer composite specimens. The materials are listed below Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951). Epoxy Resin (LY-556) along with Hardener (HY-951) Jute Fiber sisal Fiber Coconut shell Powder. 3.1 Materials 3.1.1 Matrix Material Polymers are generally utilized in our regular day to day existence because of their one of a kind attributes, for example, low thickness, simplicity of shaping, substance idleness, ease and frequently flexible nature. Polymers are extensively characterized into two fundamental sorts, in particular thermoplastics and thermosets. Everyoneofthem has its own individual substance attributes dependent on its atomic structure. The makeover procedure from pre-polymer to conclusive polymer speaks to the line of boundary isolating the thermosets from the thermoplasticpolymers.Thermosetting materials are polymers that will experience, or have experienced, a compoundresponsebytheactivityofwarmth, an impetus, prompting a generally infusible express that won't re-soften in the wake of setting. It implies that the thermosets can't be reused. The hardening procedure of these plastics is known as restoring. During the total procedure of restoring, the little atoms are artificially connected together to frame complex between associated system structures. This cross-connecting makes them unbending and avoids the slippage of individual chains making them for the most part more grounded than the
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 744 thermoplastics. In spite of this, thermoplastic materials are polymers which are equipped for being more than once relaxed or softened by expanding the temperature and hardened by diminishing the temperature. These progressions are physical as opposed to concoction. The particles are joined start to finish into a progression of long chains, each chain being autonomous of the other. The network material utilized in present research work is a thermoset for example epoxy (LY 556). The historical backdrop of epoxy started in 1947 when United States based Devoe-Raynolds organization made business introduction of epoxy by making first item out of it from that point, it is being utilized in wide assortment of utilizations which incorporates electrical, car, marine, aviation, common foundation, building material and so on. Because of their low thickness and great cement and mechanical properties, throughout the years epoxy and its composites have turned out to be promising materials for elite applications in the transportation business. Also, they have low shrinkage after restoring and great synthetic opposition. Because of a few favorable circumstances over other thermoset polymers, epoxy (LY 556)ispickedasoneof the lattice materials for the present research work. It gives a dissolvable free room temperature relieving framework when it is joined with the hardener tri-ethylene-tetraamine (TETA) which is an aliphatic essential amine with business assignment HY 951. The framework was picked due to low thickness before restoring and the boundless use in the high voltage industry. The term epoxy resin‖ alludes to both the pre-polymer and its restored tar/hardener framework. Before the epoxy gets restored, the pitch has uncertain timeframeof realistic usability. Capacity to changefromfluid state to hard thermoset solids is one of the profitable properties of epoxy pitches. The cementing is practiced by the expansion of a compound reagent known as a relieving operator or hardener. The polymerizationresponsemightbe practiced at room temperature, with warmth created by an exothermic response or may require outer warmth. The LY 556 epoxy gum and the relating hardener HY-951are obtained from Ciba Geigy Ltd,India. Table 3.1 givesa portion of the significant properties of epoxy. Table 3.1.Properties of the epoxy resin (LY 556). Figure 3.1: Epoxy resin (LY 556) and hardener (HY 951) 3.1.2 Jute Fiber Jute is a yearly plant in the variety corchorus. The significant sorts developedare commonlyknownaswhitejuteandtossa jute. Jute, developed mostly in India and Bangladesh, is reaped at 2 to 3 months of development, at which timeit is3- 5 meters tall. Jute has a succinct spread, known as jute stick and the impact strands become the long way around this center. Jute impact fiber is isolated from the essence in a procedure known as retting. Retting is cultivated by setting cut jute stalks in lakes for half a month. Microbial activity in the lake mellows the jute fiber and debilitates the bonds between the individual fiber and the substance. The fiber stands are then physically taken from the jute stick and held tight tracks to dry. Extremely long fiber stands can be gotten along these lines. Whenever treated with different oils or conditioners to expand adaptability, the retted jute fiber stands are reasonable for assembling of materials. Table 3.2.Chemical composition of jute fiber. There is a more prominent consciousness oftherequirement formaterials withan extending populace andjutedependent on composites gives a chance to fill this hole inside a savvy and adequateecologicalstructure.Ourhistoryutilizingjutein material applications hasrestrictedourdesiresforexecution, which eventuallyconstrainsour capacity to acknowledgefor improved jute based composite materials. This is intriguing as we have acknowledged totally new material, for example, material compounds, earthenware production, and plastics that have confinements in their exhibition. Yet, we will in general neglect any insufficiencies that may have on the grounds that our desires for these materials are higher than those we have for jute-based composites. It might be on the grounds that wecontemplatejute since it isexceptionallyold natural fiber utilized by everyday citizens for minimal effort markets. Jute fiber is a not a low esteem asset with poor properties and it very well may be utilized in an extraordinary esteem included item. Utilizing jute fiber for composites has numerous points of interest. Jute is sustainable, flexible, nonabrasive, permeable, hygroscopic, viscoelastic, biodegradable, ignitable, processable and Epoxy resin properties (LY556) Value Units Density 1.16 g/cm3 Tensile strength 59 MPa Young’s modulus 3.76 GPa Thermal conductivity 0.363 W/m-K Substance Weight Cellulose 59-71.5 Hemi Cellulose 13.6-20.4 Lignin 11.8-13 Pectin 0.2
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 745 responsive. The fiber has a high angle proportion, high solidarity to weight proportion, low in vitality change, and has great protectionproperties.Thejutefibercompositescan be very savvy material particularly for structure, development businesses (boards, false roofs, parcel sheets and so on.), bundling, car, railroad mentor insides and capacity gadgets. Figure 3.2: Jute fiber Singular fiber properties are relying upon the Size, development time, direction of strands and arrangement of the filaments are likewise influencing the presentation of a material. At various areas, properties of fiber are unique.Soil type, collecting timeanddevelopmentconditionsareimpacts the compound structureof the plants. These parametersrely upon area, by the parameterscellulose substanceoftheplant fiber contrasts. Cellulose substance is the major impacting factor for improve the better mechanical properties, with higher cellulose results in better mechanical properties. Jute fiber properties are appeared in the table 3.3. Table 3.3.Properties of the jute fiber. 3.1.3 Sisal Fiber The expelled sisal stems were put in a pit containing stale mud water for 6 days at encompassing conditions. On seventh day the stems were washed out with adequate amount of water till the total Pulp segregated from the fiber. At that point the fiber was dried for 7 days at encompassing conditions. The fiber got is 5 ft. to 7ft.long. Figure 3.3: sisal fibre Table3.4.Propertiesof the sisal fiber 3.1.4 Filler Materials The term filler is expansive and envelops a wide scope of materials which assumes a significant job for the improvement in execution ofpolymers andtheircomposites. Fillers are the fundamental fixing or an extra one out of a composite. The filler particles might be sporadic structures, or have exact geometrical shapes like polyhedrons, short strands or circles.Filler materialsare utilized todecreasethe material expense, to improve the mechanical properties somewhat and now and again toimproveprocesscapacity.In addition, itadditionally expands properties likescrapedarea opposition, hardness and lessens shrinkages. In this way, a reasonable determinationofgridandthestrengtheningstage can prompt a composite with mix of solidarity and modulus tantamount or stunningly better than regular metallic materials. The physical and mechanical properties can further be adjusted by expansion of a strongfillerstagetothe network body during the composite manufacture. 3.1.4.1 Coconut shell powder Coconut shell powder was acquired by the devastating of shell of the coconut by assistance of top of the line ball plant. Coconut shell were bought from the nearby sources Rajam, Srikakulam, India. The gathered coconut shells are washed with the ordinary faucet water andtheseshellsaredestroyed into little pieces. At that point this destroyed coconut shells are held under daylight for 3days forskiving of the moisture. This dried destroyed coconut shell are changed over into powder with the assistance of top of the line ball factory. Fig 3.3: coconut shell powder 4. EXPERIMENTATION For experimentation process, we had just experienced through the diverse procedure for the better fortification of the materials. We had industrially purchased the accessible ARALDITE LY 556 alongside hardener HY 951 was utilized as grid material in creation of material. Jute fibre Properties Value Units Density 1.4 g/cm3 Tensile strength 320-800 MPa Young’s modulus 10-55 GPa Thermal conductivity 0.150 W/m-K Jute fibre Properties Value Units Density 1.34 g/cm3 Tensile strength 68 MPa Young’s modulus 3.77 GPa Thermal conductivity W/m-K
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 746 Raw Material used: Jute & sisal fibers Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) Silica Mould relief spray Ground Nut Shell Ash 4.1 MOULD PREPARATION: GI Sheet boxes of size 30*30*5(mm) were utilized for the embellishment procedure. The shaped sheets are changed into a square box with the end goal that the blend of sap and hardener are poured in it. Through the Hand lay-up process technique the readied shape was moved to form depression via care that the form cavity ought to be altogether filled. Leveling was done to consistentlyfill thedepressionwith the assistance of the rollers support. Before that ensure that the trim gel is to be utilized on the grounds that, it will go about as layer between the form and box without giving any sticky nature to it. Since it prompts changes the properties of the composite material. Restoring was done at room temperature for roughly 24 hrs. In the wake of restoring the shape was opened section removed from the form and cleaned. Figure 5.1: Mould prepared by using GI sheet 4.2 PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE The planning of the polymer lattice composite was done at room temperature. The required elements of tar, hardener and groundnut shell fiery debris were blendedcompletelyin a measuring glass and the blender was transformed into thick paste. The required blend of gum and hardener were made by blending them in (10:1) parts in a recepticle by mixing the blend in a container by a bar taking into consideration that no air ought to be entangled inside the arrangement. Different Samples 5. MECHANICAL TESTS 5.1 Experimentation: The universal testing machine is used for to determine the mechanical properties like, strength and the stress, strain elongation of the given standard specimen made up of the different combinations. A universal testing machine is used to test the tensile stress and compressive strength of materials. It is named after the fact that it can perform many standard tensile and compression tests on materials, components, and structures. Here we have to check the strength of the clay and resin composite, which is in the standard cylindrical in shape for the measuringofthetensile strength. We have taken six specimens. 1. Jute and Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) 2. sisal and Epoxy Resin (LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) 3. Jute + sisal and Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) 4. Jute + Coconut Shell Ash and Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) 5. sisal + Coconut Shell Ash Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) 6. Jute + sisal + Coconut Shell Ash and Epoxy Resin(LY-556) along with Hardener(HY-951) 5.2 Tensile test S.NO SPECIMEN MAX LOAD (KN) STRESS (MPa) STRAIN (%) UTS (MPa) 1 Jute+sisal+epoxy 11.55 92 2 Jute+epoxy 11.75 94 3 sisal+epoxy 94 4 sisal+epoxy+csp 12.20 98 5 Jute+epoxy+csp 12.25 98 6 Jute+sisal+epoxy+csp 104 Sample No. Type of fiber TYPE OF RESIN TYPE OF HARDENER Sample 1 Jute + Epoxy LY-556 HY-951 Sample 2 Sisal + Epoxy LY-556 HY-951 Sample 3 Jute + sisal + Epoxy LY-556 HY-951 Sample 4 Jute+ Epoxy + CSP LY-556 HY-951 Sample 5 sisal + Epoxy + CSP LY-556 HY-951 Sample 6 Jute + sisal + Epoxy + CSP LY-556 HY-951
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 747 5.3 HARDNESS TEST 5.4 FLEXURAL TEST: 5.5 X-RAY DIFFRACTION: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination on tests of composites gives significant strong state basic data, for example, the level of crystallinity.XRD investigation depends on helpful obstruction of monochromatic X-beams and a crystalline example: The X-beams are created by a cathode beam tube, separated to deliver monochromatic radiation,collimated to focus, and coordinated toward the example. The communication of the episode beams with the example produces useful obstruction (and a diffracted beam) when conditions fulfill Bragg's Law (nλ=2d sin θ). This law relates the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to the diffraction edge and the cross section dispersing in a crystalline example. 6. ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITEBYUSING ANSYS SOFTWARE Investigation is one of the limited component examination programming used to mimic designing issues. This product makes reproduced PC models of structures, gadgets or machine segments just as polymer lattice composites, to mimic quality, strength, flexibility, temperature dissemination, electromagnetism, liquid stream, and different properties. Ansys is utilized to decide how an item will work with various detail without structure test items and directing accident tests. Most investigation recreations are done in an Ansys Mechanical apdl which is one of the significant result of Ansys. A client perhaps characterizing the elements of an article first. Then including weight, weight, temperature and other physical properties. At long last the Ansys programming reproduces and examinations development, weakness,cracks,liquidstream, temperature appropriation, electromagnetic effectiveness and different impacts over time. We have played out this investigation utilizing Ansys 19.2 rendition which is one of the higher adaptation of Ansys programming.
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 748 6. CONCLUSIONS The point by point trial ends are given beneat In the present work, Fabrication of another class epoxy based composites strengthened with short pineapple and okra regular filaments. Evaluated the mechanical properties, for example, flexural quality, sway quality, rigidity and miniaturized scale hardness of the acquired examples. According to the malleable test analyzes, the example 1 have greatest pressure strain bend and example 4 has least pressure strain bend. The pressure test is greatest for the example 1 and least for the example The hardness number is most extreme for the jute symmetrical fiber. When we contrasted with the two outcomes, it is plainly observed that the logical outcomes are vastly improved in view of limited lattice of example. We can see from the forbidden estimations of Tensile quality, Hardness, Flexural quality are expanded upto 750after that we can see from that the qualities are diminished bit by bit. So that the better mechanical properties at 750 direction from investigation. From over every one of the outcomes we can see that the fiber piece have better elasticity hardness when contrasted with flexural quality REFERENCES [1] Rahman, A. M., Alimuzzaman, S., Khan, R. A., Khan, M. E., &Hoque, S. N. (2018). Fabrication, Mechanical Characterization and Interfacial Properties of Okra Fiber Reinforced PolypropyleneComposites. International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 3(1), 18-31. [2] Gopinath, A., Kumar, M. S., &Elayaperumal, A. (2014). Experimental investigations onmechanical propertiesofjute fiber reinforced composites with polyester and epoxy resin matrices. Procedia Engineering, 97, 2052-2063. [3] Yang, Y. K. (2006). Optimization of injection-molding process of short glass fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene reinforced polycarbonate composites via design of experiments method: A case study. Materials and manufacturing processes, 21(8), 915-921. [4] Alagumurthi, N., Palaniradja, K., &Soundararajan, V. (2006). Optimization of grinding process through design of experiment (DOE)—A comparative study. Materials and manufacturing processes, 21(1), 19-21. [5] Abhemanyu, P. C., Prassanth, E., Kumar, T. N., Vidhyasagar, R., &Marimuthu, K. P. (2019, March). Wear properties of natural fibre composite materials. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2080, No. 1, p. 020006).AIP Publishing. [6] Neves, N. M., Isdell, G., Pouzada, A. S., & Powell, P. C. (1998). On the effect of the fiber orientation on the flexural stiffness of injection molded short fiber reinforced polycarbonate plates. Polymer composites, 19(5), 640-651. [7] Elkington, M., Bloom, D., Ward, C., Chatzimichali, A., & Potter, K. (2015). Hand layup: understanding the manual process. Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science, 1(3), 138-151. [8] Mwaikambo, L. Y., & Ansell, M. P. (2002). Chemical modification of hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok fibers by alkalization. Journal of applied polymer science, 84(12), 2222-2234. [9] Khan, G. A., Terano, M., Gafur, M. A., &Alam, M. S. (2016). Studies on the mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced poly (l-lactic acid) composites. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 28(1), 69-74. [10] Yamini, S., & Young, R. J. (1980). The mechanical properties of epoxy resins. Journal of materials science, 15(7), 1823-1831. [11] Naveen, J., Jawaid, M., Amuthakkannan, P., &Chandrasekar, M. (2019). Mechanical and physical properties of sisal and hybrid sisal fiber-reinforced polymer composites.In Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites (pp. 427-440).Woodhead Publishing. [12] Omrani, E., Menezes, P. L., &Rohatgi, P. K. (2016). State of the art on tribologicalbehavior of polymer matrix composites reinforced with natural fibers in the green materials world. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(2), 717-736.
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International Research Journal
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