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IRJET- Self-Reliant Railway Accident Averting Arrangeent, using Mechatronics
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1028 SELF-RELIANT RAILWAY ACCIDENT AVERTING ARRANGEENT, USING MECHATRONICS Samarth G. Gaikwad1, Sneha J. Gadkari2, Girish C. Mekalke3 3Assistant Prof., 1,2Student 1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalakaranji. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - India owns a second largest rail network in the world. It is the cheapest mode of conveyance, but sometimes comes standstill due to accidents and mishaps. TheMajority of these accidents are consequences of train derailments, improper maintenance of track, collision with cars, trucks trying to cross train tracks, faults in train track and level crossing. To eradicate these causes an advanced PLC based fault detection technology can be utilized. This paper is comprised of implementation of two systems which can potentially overcome the flaws in track maintenanceandGate control mechanism of level crossing. Currently both the operations are performed manually and mayresultinpossible dangerous situations due to negligence of personnel involved in the work. With the advent of PLC based automation, human intervention can be greatly abbreviated. Current Manual operation of gate control is replaced by automatic gate control at the level crossing. Also Fault detection of rail track is served through the advanced PLC based system with vibration monitoringsensors andultrasonicsensors. Execution of these systems results in highly reliable and safe operation, avoiding any possible chances of an accident which mayoccur due to current manual methods. This system can be carried out in almost all unmanned level crossing in train. Key Words: PLC, AUTOMATION, RAILWAYS, SENSORS 1. INTRODUCTION Train accidents are not uncommon in the world. Unfortunately, when these accidents occur, people are often seriously injured or even killed. Accidents involving trains are often the result of mechanical failures and human error, and often it’s a combination of both. In India the number of rail accidents has declined from 325 in 2003-04 to 106 in 2015-16. In 2015-16, majority of the accidents were caused due to derailments (60%), followed by accidents at level crossings (33%). Casualties and compensation, consequential like collision, failure of railway staff, etc. also the reasons of the railway accidents. To avoid the same we automate the control of railway gates by using simple electronic components and PLC. Sensors are placed at the track and when it senses train passing on the track it gives input to the PLC and PLC is programmed in such a way that when sensor gives input to PLC it starts a buzzer and after some time it close the road gate that no one can pass until train crosses the second sensor. A second sensor is placed after the road crossing. When this sensor senses that train is passed, then it gives input to a PLC which opens the road gate for motorists. The same process will happen when a train comes from the other side. Another objective is to find the breakage in railway track which we are detecting by using vibration monitoringsensorandultrasonicsensor. The present work is focused on bringing down the accident rate by automatically detecting the breakage/s on the tracks. 1.1 ROLE OF AUTOMATION IN RAILWAY SAFETY FIELD Technical progress hasmadetraincontrolsystemscapableof supervising, operating and controlling the entireoperational process. The key elements for this are: • Automatic TrainProtection(ATP):ATPisthesystem and all equipment responsible for basic safety; it avoids collisions, red signal overrunning and exceedingspeedlimits by applying brakes automatically. A line equipped with ATP corresponds (at least) to a GoA1. • Automatic Train Operation (ATO): ATO insures partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functionalities. The ATO system performs all the functionsof the driver, except for door closing. The driver only needs to close the doors, and if the way is clear, the train will automatically Proceed to the next station. This corresponds to a GoA2. • Automatic Train Control (ATC): ATC performs automatically normal signaler operations such as route setting and train regulation. The ATO and the ATC systems work together, to maintain a train within a defined tolerance of its timetable. The combined system will marginally adjust operating parameters such as the ratio of power to coast when moving and station dwell time, in order to bring the train back to the timetable slot defined for it. There is no
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1029 driver, and no staff assigned to accompany the train, corresponding to a GoA4. 1.2 REASONS BEHIND CHOOSING METRO AUTOMATION Unattended Train Operation has many benefits and many beneficiaries: customers, operators, funding authoritiesand staff. The implementation of UTO systems allows operators to optimize the running timeoftrains,increasingtheaverage speed of the system, shortening headways up to 75 seconds, and reducing dwell time in stations (in optimal conditions) to 15 seconds. There are a few reasons like greaterflexibility in operation, impressive safetyrecords,increaseinqualityof service, financial feasibility, etc. 2. FLOW CHART FOR GATE CONTROL Figure -1: Flow Chart 3. SYSTEM OPERATION 3.1 Automatic railway gate control system In these eight IR sensors, two limit switches, two gear motors, buzzer & LED’s are used.Whenthetrainpassesfrom first two IR sensors, buzzer and red LED gets on to indicate that the train is going to come on the track & after train passes in front of next two IR sensors then get close automatically with the help of gear motor. After that when train passes through next two IR sensors, red LED becomes green and after it passes from next two IR sensors gate will automatically open with the help of geared motorrotatingin anticlockwise direction. This action will perform in anticlockwise direction also. 3.2 Parking of train engines at the junction In this movable track is used which can be rotated in 360 degrees with the help of gear motor for parking of two engines. 3.3 Track shifting mechanism In this BO motor is used. By using this motor, tracks can be shifted in particular desired direction when required. 3.4 Train collision detection Here one sensor is placed in front of each train. When these two trains come in front of each other or any obstacle come in front of the train and when there is a chanceofaccident by collision, sensors sends signals and both the trains stop before accident. 3.5 Crack detection present in tracks Here two ultrasonic sensors are used with vibration monitoring system. When these systems pass overthetrack, it checks that track is ok or not. When any discontinuity or crack or misalignments of tracks are present it will stop the train and signals to the main station that there is problem at a particular place. 4. CONTROL SYSTEM The PLC used for the project is Allen Bradley Micro Logix 1200/1762 Series C with 16 digital inputs and outputs For communication we used RS-232-C port which is a built- in in Micro Logix 1200 controllers. . RSLogix500 has been selected in the projects for PLC programming.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1030 Figure -2: PLC Program Figure -3: PLC Program Figure -4: PLC Program Figure -5: PLC Program
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1031 5. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Figure -6: Experimental Setup 6. CONCLUSION Train operations become more exact and timely as the automation system controls the trains. Safetyimproveswith increased automation ascomputerizedsystemscontrol train movements more precisely than humans. Most important thing is we are able to detect breakages in railway track and we can broadcast that data directly to the command room. 7. FUTURE SCOPE • Fire detection and notification system in trains. • GPS based railway track survey system. REFERENCES [1]Prof.V.R.Naik, Mr.S.A.Soundattikar “Implementation of Mechatronics as an Automation Tool” published in Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Machine Design & Industry Automation, January 10-12- 2007, College of Engineering, Pune, India. [2]P. Kiran Kumar, B.S.ShivaShankara “PLCBasedAutomatic Fault Detection of Railway Track and Accidence Avoidance system” published in International Journal of Engineering Research and General, Science Volume 3, Issue 2, March- April, 2015. [3]R.Gopinathan and B.Sivashankar “PLC BASED RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING GATE CONTROL” published in International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: Volume 8 Issue 1 – APRIL 20
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