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IRJET- Development and Characterization of Natural Hybrid Composite using Basalt and Bamboo Fibers
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1170 Development and Characterization of Natural Hybrid Composite using Basalt and Bamboo Fibers Asif Ahmed .A1, Dr. Keerthiprasad K. S2 1PG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, VVIET, Mysuru, Karnataka, India 2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, VVIET, Mysuru, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - With rapid changes in the environment the demands for technologies of the best suitable composite materials has begun. Materials having required characteristics along-side remaining non-pollutant are being researched and formulated to be put them in use. With the availability of natural fiber composites which share proportionate properties with that of manmade fibers are added together with a matrix to achieve best and good outputs. The hybrid composite materials are a blend of natural and synthetic fibers which are either in same proportion or varied with respect to a preferredratiotohavedesiredproperties. This present work deals with the study mechanical properties of basalt fiber composites having bamboo fibers and E-glass fibers to which varying concentration of Silicon carbide (SiC) are added and reinforced with epoxy resin as the matrix. The overall mechanical properties of the composites showed improvement with the addition of silicon carbide in the matrix. Key Words: Bamboo fiber, Basalt fiber, Silicon Carbide 1. INTRODUCTION The word composite is derived from the word âcompositusâ which means mixing together. Composite materials refer to combining of two or more materials. They constitute of both matrix material and a reinforcing agent. The matrix usually binds the reinforcement stiffly thus creating a firm bonding with the different reinforcement thus forming a composite material. A compositeconsists of two or more materials of different natureto achieve a material of required property.Thematerialformed after the combination of two materials will have much better and sophisticated characteristics than the constituent. Paliwal et.al.[2] Investigated about the composites fabricated from glass fibers with epoxy as a matrix material and calcium carbonate (CaCo3) as a particulate filler material which showed overall increase in their mechanical properties. The reason is that the particulate fillers increase the loading capacity by increasing the bonding strength between the reinforcement and the matrix material. Potluri et.al.[3] used silicon carbide as a filler material with varying proportions in pineapple leaf fiber composites. The specimen with the higher percentage of silicon carbide showed higher strength, Youngâs modulus and shear modulus. Nguong et.al.[4] used silicon carbide as a filler material in natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. The results showed significant wear resistance because of the strongerbondscreatedwiththeinclusionofthefiller material which behaved as a crack arrestor. Chisholm et.al.[8] In his research the carbon epoxy composites are subjected to testing one without any (SiC) filler and the other with (SiC) filler. The results confirm that the infusion of (SiC) brought about good thermal stability and also a good amount of strength (mechanical). 2 MATERIALS AND FABRICATION The 300 mm x 300 mm x 4 mm composite was manufactured using the hand-layup method. The resin was coated with brush and roller and kept between the 350 mm x 350 mm pressing plates. A polyester film layer between the plate and the composite surface was provided for easy release and for smooth and uniform surface surfaces on the composites. Lapox L-12 (Epoxy) resin matrix is used with Hardener K-6 as the catalyst and SiC filler having mesh size of 220 has been added to five different percentages (0 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 20 wt. % and 30 wt. percent). Alternative layers of basalt fabric and bamboo fabric arefabricatedwithepoxyresinmixedwithSiCfilleroneabovetheother until the desired thickness is achieved. The composites were then left at room temperature for 24 hours to be solidified. Composites were then removed from the mold following the curing process.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1171 2.1 Fabrication procedure followed Fig - 1: Slab forming the mold Fig - 2: Placing of Release Film Fig - 3: Resin coated on release film Fig - 4: First layer of reinforcement Fig - 5: Squeezing of excess resin Fig - 6: Curing Stage 3. MECHANICAL TESTING OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIAL The specimens are derived from the fabricated material and subjected to different mechanical testing processes to determine their performance under various loading conditions. The results are then analyzed and further the materials are engineered to improve the characteristics so that a better product can be achieved. 3.1 Tensile test It is one of the most commonly used testing processes to evaluatethe mechanicalpropertiesofthematerial.Thetestshelpto evaluate the properties related to elasticity and strength. In a tensile testing process, a specimen is obtained according to a prescribed standard and loaded under uni-axial force applied at two ends until the matrix is fractured. The testing carried out helps us to determine the elastic deformation and then the plastic deformation. The fracture of the specimen is the indication of the end in plastic deformation. The ductilematerialshavegreaterplasticityandhavegoodstrength compared to brittle materials whose plasticity is low. The testing process is carried out by constantly and gradually rising the applied load. The change in length of the test piece is noted. Hence a set of collective information is available to calculate the results. 3.2 Flexural test The specimens used in the testing process are generally rectangular in geometry without any bond or notches. The flexural test helps us to determine the strength in brittle material because when the same material is gripped and loaded for testing would easily breakdown. Within the elastic range, a linear relation between a load and deflection can be noted. The failure first begins on a thin layer of the surface which initiates the cracking process and at-last leads to the specimen break point. 3.3 Impact test The behavior of materials vary according to the loading conditions they are subjected in. a cyclic load may yield different results when compared withsudden loading orwhenitisloadedconstantly.Hencetheimpacttesthelpsustoknowthebehavior during sudden loading conditions. Izod impact testing isan ASTM standardmethodofdeterminingtheimpactresistanceofmaterials.Apivotingarmisraisedto a specific height (constant potential energy) and then released. The arm swings down hitting a notched sample, breaking the specimen. The energy absorbed by the sample is calculatedfrom the heightthearmswingstoafterhittingthesample.Anotched sample is generally used to determine impact energy and notch sensitivity.
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1172 3.4 Hardness test Hardness is the mechanical property of the material whichhelps it to resisttheindentation.Hardnessisoneoftheimportant parameters in the designing of a material. The process of measuring the hardness is by measuring the depth of the indentation mark left on the material when a load of known pressure is applied on it. 3.5 Specific gravity test The density of a particular object is dependent on the phase it is in and the temperature. With density one can identify the material and also response when placed in fluid can be easily determined. If the densityof the material is greaterthanthewater it will sink. And when the density is less it will float. Water is the fluid generally used to determine the measurement. The density Ï is obtained from Where, a - Weight of the specimen in air b â Total weight of the specimen and sinker (if used) in water w â Weight of immersed sinker if used and partially immersed wire 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Tensile Test Tensile tests are used to determine the material behavior under a tension. The process takes place by placing the specimen on the machine and pulled to the point of breaking. The results are used to determine the maximum load, ultimate tensile strength, poisons ratio and Youngâs modulus. The testing process requires the specimen to be prepared according to ASTM D- 638 standards. The specimen is loaded on a computerized universal testing machine for higher accuracy. A maximum of 20KN can be applied for testing Table-1: Tensile test result of natural and hybrid composite material Materials Maximum load (KN) Ultimate Tensile Stress (Mpa) Young's Modulus (Mpa) Basalt+bamboo 8.12 110.20 5200.78 Basalt + bamboo + glass 9.00 122.58 5353.55 Basalt+bamboo+glass+10%(SiC) 10.78 131.18 5424.23 Basalt+bamboo+glass+20% (SiC) 11.40 141.94 5590.43 Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) 11.67 146.56 5836 All the specimens were prepared as per the standards and the orientation is maintained at a constant 0Âș throughout for the fabrication process. For the first combination (Basalt + bamboo + glass) with 0% (SiC) the maximum load is 9.00 KN, with an ultimatetensile stress of 122.58Mpa with a Youngâs modulus of 5353.55 Mpa, the specimen(Basalt+bamboo+glass+10%(SiC)) the load is increased to 10.78 KN this is due to the process that added (SiC) creates a stronger bond between the matrix and reinforcement which increases the loading conditions, thus this effect can be seen with the ultimate tensile stress increasing to 131.18Mpa.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1173 Fig â 7: Basalt + bamboo Fig â 8: Basalt + bamboo + glass Fig â 9: Basalt + bamboo + glass + 10 % (SiC) Fig â 10: Basalt + bamboo + glass + 20 % (SiC) Fig â 11: Basalt + bamboo + glass + 30 % (SiC) Fig (7-11) showing Extension vs. stress graphs of the tensile test specimen Chart -1: Comparison of materials for ultimate tensile strength When the concentration is increased by a large amount i.e.30% the increaseinstrengthhasincreasedbyasmallervaluethis is due to the fact that the infused particles start to forma lump and reduced interactionbetween polymer and particleresultsin
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1174 lesser strength as compared with that of 10% and 20% (SiC) specimens. This is because polymer and particle interaction has more strength when compared with particle and particle interaction. Chart -2: Comparison of Materials for Youngâs Modulus 4.2 Flexural test The tests are used to determine the flexural strength of a material. The testing material is laid horizontally onto the two points of contact and then a force is applied on the top of the material through either one or two points of contact until the specimen fails. Table 2: Flexural test results for natural and hybrid composite materials Materials Maximum load (KN) Maximum bending stress at maximum load (Mpa) Young's Modulus (Mpa) Basalt+bamboo 539.41 213.698 10342.14 Basalt + bamboo + glass 550.50 240.74 10885.37 Basalt+bamboo+glass+10%(SiC) 830.41 302.25 11151.36 Basalt+bamboo+glass+20% (SiC) 872.88 340.58 11350.69 Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) 898.80 351.56 11652.36 All the specimens being tested have a fixed orientation of 0°. For the specimen of (Basalt + bamboo + glass) the maximum bending stress is recorded at 240 Mpa with Youngâs modulus of 10885.37 Mpa for a maximum applied load of 550.50 KN. Now with the inclusion of 10% Silicon the maximum bending stress increases to 302.25 Mpa where as the youngâs modulus is 11151.36 Mpa and the maximum load for failure is 830.48 KN. This is because the added (SiC) increases bondingcapacitybetweenthematrixandreinforcementthusincreasingtheoverall flexural strength, Youngâs modulus and loading capacity. And when the (SiC) concentration is increased to 20% the maximum bending stress also increases to a value of 340.58 Mpa and Youngâs modulus to 11350.69 and the maximum load applied increases to 872.88 KN. For the specimen with 30% (SiC) the load applied and maximum flexural strength increase but in a smaller value. This is because the bonding has already happened between the matrix and the reinforcement hence the remaining (SiC) particles just slightly increase the loading conditions and for the rest their performance is almost similar to that of the specimen with 20% (SiC). For the specimen combination of (Basalt + bamboo) without the E-glass fiber and (SiC) in the resin system the flexural strength, load applied and Youngâs modulus has the least values because the material can easily fail since it has no additional bonds which were present when (SiC) was added into the system.
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1175 Fig â 12: Basalt + bamboo Fig - 13: Basalt + bamboo + glass Fig - 14: Basalt + bamboo + glass + 10 % (SiC) Fig - 15: Basalt + bamboo + glass + 20 % (SiC) Fig - 16: Basalt + bamboo+ glass+30 % (SiC) Fig (12-16) showing Extension vs. load graphs for the flexural tests Chart - 3: Comparison for maximum flexural strength From the graphs itâs clear that the flexuralstrength has increased with the additionoffillermaterialsinthematrix.Thecrack propagation initiated through an impact will be resisted by the filler materialsandtheyactascrackarrestors.Thisismainlydue to the increased loading in the composites due to the addition of the (SiC), which improves the bonding strength in the
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1176 composites by forming stronger bonds with the epoxy matrix and the reinforcement which increase thefractureresistanceand helps in improving the flexural property of the composite. Chart - 4: Comparison for maximum load applied 4.3 Impact test The impact test is a method used to determine the toughness and notch sensitivity of a material. It reveals the toughness of materials. Brittle materials have low toughness as a result of the small amount of plastic deformation that they can endure. The impact value of a material can also change with temperature.Generally,atlowertemperatures,theimpactenergyofamaterialis decreased. The size of the specimen may also affect the value of the Izod impact test because it may allow a different number of imperfections in the material, which can act as stress risers and lower the impact energy. It is widely used to determine the impact properties of plastics, ceramics and composites. The properties that can be determined are energy absorbed, impact strength and maximum load. In this test, specimen is introduced to impact loading by using a Pendulum impact tester. Specimens are prepared as per ASTM D256 standard. Table 3: Impact test results for natural and hybrid composite Materials Charpy Impact Strength (KJ/m2 ) Basalt+bamboo 93.66 Basalt + bamboo + glass 95.08 Basalt+bamboo+glass+10%(SiC) 140.24 Basalt+bamboo+glass+20% (SiC) 160.23 Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) 168.44 All the specimens being tested have a fixed orientation of 0°. For the specimen of (Basalt + bamboo + glass) the impact strength is 95.08 KJ/m2. Now when 10% silicon carbide is added to the resin matrix with the same combination of matrix and reinforcement materials the impact strength raises to140.24KJ/m2. Andfurtherwhenthesiliconcarbideâscontentisincreased up-to 20% the impactstrength increases to a valueof160.23KJ/m2.Thustheadditionofsiliconcarbideinthematrixshowsthat the impact strength has increased this is because silicon carbide forms numerous bonds with the matrix and reinforcement material. Hence the energy required for distorting the material increases, thus stronger and enormous number of bonds in the material the energy of impact strength also increases. And when the concentration of (SiC) is increased to 30% in the resin system the impact strengthincreasesto168.44KJ/m2.Thespecimenofcombination(Basalt+bamboo)theimpactstrengthisthe lowest among the tested combination which is 93.66 KJ/m2 which is mainly because of the absence of E-glass fiber and silicon carbide. This signifies the effect of silicon carbide in the matrix material.
8.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1177 Chart - 5: Comparison of Impact Strength 4.4 Hardness test Hardness is a typical property of a material. Hardness is defined as the resistance to indentation, and it is determined by measuring the permanent depth of the indentation caused on the surface of the test material. More simply put, when using a fixed force (load)and a given indenter, the smallertheindentation,theharderthematerial.Allthespecimensaremaintainedata uniform orientation of 0°. From the above table, RHN for the combination of Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) is 82, which is more than that of specimens having concentration of silicon as 10% and 20%. The least RHN is for the combination of (Basalt + bamboo) i.e. 70. And when E-glass fiber is presentalongwiththecombinationof(Basalt+bamboo)theRHNis72whichsignifies the strength imparted by the E-glass fiber to the composite. From the above results the significance of adding (SiC) in the composite matrix can be seen. This is mainly due to the good bonding with the reinforcement and the epoxy which transmit the entire load to the strong and rigid fibers. Table 4: Impact test results for natural and hybrid composite All the specimens are maintained at a uniform orientation of 0°. From the above table, RHN for the combination of Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) is 82, which is more than that of specimens having concentration of silicon as 10% and 20%. The least RHN is for the combination of (Basalt + bamboo) i.e. 70. And when E-glass fiber is present along with the combination of (Basalt + bamboo) the RHN is 72 which signifies the strength imparted by the E-glass fiber to the composite. From the above results the significance of adding (SiC) in the composite matrix can be seen. This is mainly due to the good bonding with the reinforcement and the epoxy which transmit the entire load to the strong and rigid fibers. When the particulates are included the bonding strength is much better and stronger than that of the composite without particulatefiller material which is evident from the above graph. The voidsareverymuchfilledandthematerialisstrengthened with the inclusion of (SiC) in the matrix andas the concentration of (SiC) is increased the hardness is increasedandthenat30% of (SiC) the rise is negligible when compared with that of 10% and 20% specimens since the extraparticlesinthematrixbehave as a lump and disturbthe load distribution and overall loading is increased to overcome the strength thus only a small increase in value is seen. Materials Hardness(RHN) Basalt+bamboo 70 Basalt + bamboo + glass 72 Basalt+bamboo+glass+10%(SiC) 76 Basalt+bamboo+glass+20% (SiC) 80 Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) 82
9.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1178 70 72 76 80 82 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 Basalt +bamboo Basalt +bamboo + glass Basalt +bamboo + glass + 10 % (SiC) Basalt +bamboo + glass + 20 % (SiC) Basalt +bamboo + glass + 30 % (SiC) RockwellhardnesssnumberRHN Chart - 6: Comparison by Rockwell Hardness Number 4.5 Specific gravity test The specific gravity testing isveryusefulindeterminingyieldandcomparingdifferentmaterials.SpecificGravitymeans the ratio of the mass of a specimen to that of an equal volume of a standard substance. The composite material of the combination (Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC)) has the highest densityamongthetestedspecimens.Thisisduetotheincrease of concentration of silicon carbide in the composite material as compared to that of specimens having 10% and 20% of silicon carbide respectively. The lightest among them is the combination of (Basalt + bamboo) which has a value of 1.33. Table 5: Density test results for natural and hybrid composite materials 1.40 1.41 1.43 1.45 1.33 1.26 1.28 1.3 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.4 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 Basalt + bamboo Basalt + bamboo + glass Basalt + bamboo + glass + 10 % (SiC) Basalt + bamboo + glass + 20 % (SiC) Basalt + bamboo + glass + 30 % (SiC) Density Chart - 7: Comparison based on density of materials Materials Density Basalt + bamboo + glass 1.40 Basalt+bamboo+glass+10%( SiC) 1.41 Basalt+bamboo+glass+20% (SiC) 1.43 Basalt+bamboo+glass+30% (SiC) 1.45 Basalt+bamboo 1.33
10.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1179 5. CONCLUSIONS The natural hybrid composites consisting of (bamboo fiber,basaltfiber,andE-glassfiber)arefabricatedusingepoxyresinas the matrix system with Silicon carbide as the particulate filler with the traditional hand lay-up process. The concentration of silicon carbide is varied in each of the fabricated composites and the mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and density are determined experimentally. The orientation of the fibers during fabrication is maintained at 0Âș throughout the process. The results states that the particulate filled hybrid compositematerials have greatermechanicalpropertieswhencompared with compositematerialswithoutparticulatereinforcements.Whentensiletestswerecarriedouthybridcompositesshowedthe highest ultimate tensile stress than the other composite materials. From the results obtained itcan be concluded that the particulatefilledcompositematrix have a good potentialwithoverall improved properties. The inclusion of silicon carbide in the matrix has shown that the voids present in the composites can be filled by these particulates which improve the void content and also improve overall strength by forming stronger bonds with the matrix and the reinforcements. It wasalso seen that 30 wt. % Silicon carbidereinforcedcomposites had better performance thanthatof10wt.%and20wt. % particulate reinforced composite, which implies that the addition of particulates are desirable till a certain extent and when the limit is exceeded the increase of strength is in a smaller quantity. That is due tothefactthatthebondswhenformedbetween particles and reinforcementsare much stronger than that of the bonds formedbetweenparticlesthemselvesi.e.theparticleand reinforcement interaction is stronger than that of the particle-particle interaction, which happens when more amount of particles are present in the matrix. Thus particulate reinforced composites have good overall mechanical properties and improved performance which would cater the needs of the modern industry. The cost of manufacturing can be effective when manufactured in bulk quantities thus making it one of the better choices to be used for enhanced and stabilized performance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to my Professor for providing guidance and support to publish the paper in this journal. REFERENCES [1] Kunal Singha âA Short Review on Basalt Fiberâ, Department of Textile Engineering, Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology. International Journal of Textile Science 2012, 1(4): 19-28 [2] Mukul Kant Paliwal, Sachin Kumar Chaturvedi âAn Experimental Investigation of Tensile Strength of Glass Composite Materials With Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Fillerâ, International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development Issue 2, Vol.6 (September 2012). [3] Mohamad Alsaadi, Adnan A Ugla and Ahmet Erklig âA comparative study on the interlaminar shear strength of carbon, glass, and Kevlar fabric/epoxy laminates filled with SiC particlesâ, Journal of Composite Materials 0(0) 1â10 [4] Santhosh S, Bhanuprakash N,âA review on mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced hybrid compositesâ, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017. [5] Rakesh Potluri, âMechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Infused with Silicon Carbide Micro Particlesâ, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DVR & Dr HS MIC College of Technology, Vijayawada, India, Journal of natural fibers. [6] C. W. Nguong, S. N. B. Lee, and D. Sujan, âA Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Compositesâ, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology-73 2013 [7] K. Sabeel Ahmed, V. Mallinatha and S.J. Amith, âEffect of ceramic fillers on mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced epoxy compositesâ, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 30(15) 1315â1326 [8] Vijay Chaudhary, Akash Kumar Rajput and Pramendra Kumar Bajpai, âEffect of ParticulateFilleronMechanical Properties of Polyester based Compositesâ, Division of ManufacturingProcessandAutomationEngineering NetajiSubhasInstituteof Technology, Sec-3, Dwarka, New Delhi. [9] Nathaniel Chisholm, Hassan Mahfuz, Vijaya K. Rangari, Adnan Ashfaq, Shaik Jeelani, âFabrication and mechanical characterization of carbon/SiC-epoxy nano-compositesâ, Tuskegee Universityâs Center for Advanced Materials (T-CAM), Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1180 [10] Basappa Hulugappa, Mysuru V. Achutha, Bheemappa Suresha, âEffect of Fillers on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness of Glass Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Compositesâ, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2016, 4, 1-14. [11] A.Eswarana, R.Rathishb, R.Sureshc, R.Suresh, âInvestigation of mechanical properties on banana fiber and silicon carbide with epoxy resinâ, International journal of research in aeronautical and mechanical engineering, Vol.5 Issue.6, June 2017 Pg: -65-76. [12] Malla Surya Teja, M V Ramana, D Sriramulu and C J Rao, âExperimental Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal properties of sisal fiber reinforced composite and effect of SiCfillermaterialâ,IOPConferenceSeries:MaterialsScienceand Engineering
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