PPT presentation for Mechanical Engineering project Fabrication reinforcement of natural composite material using Bamboo Sisal and banana fibres.

1. FABRICATION OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE
MATERIAL FROM BAMBOO, SISAL FIBER AND
BANANA FIBER.
M.AJAY 512217114002
J.EZHILMARAN 512217114014
K.KARTHICK 512217114021
V.KUMARAN 512217114022
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF MR. C.NAVEEN KUMAR.,M.E
(ASSISTANT PROFESSER/MECHANICAL)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
S.K.P ENGINEERING COLLEGE
TIRUVANNAMALAI.

2. ABSTRACT
Composites are combinations of two materials in which one of
the material is called reinforcing phase, is in the form of fibers, shits or
particles and is embedded in other material called matrix phase. In
order to achieve high strength and less weight it requires combining two
or more distinct materials to get composite materials. Hybrid
composites may be combination of only natural fibers or synthetic fiber
or both with matrix phase.

3. OBJECTIVES
• To increase strength of pure plastic by using concept of composite.
• Use of natural fibers in addition with plastic fibers as it is
biodegradable.
• Fabrication of hybrid composites with bamboo and glass fibers using
matrix.
• Testing of mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength,
impact strength and Hardness) with different weight fraction of fibers
in matrix.
• To suggest best weight fraction of matrix and fibers in composite.

4. INTRODUCTION
The performance and properties of composite materials depend on
the properties of the individual components and their interfacial
compatibility. To ensure appropriate interfacial interactions their surface
properties must be modified accordingly. Also, the use of thermoplastic
polymers with particulate fillers or short-fiber reinforcements has grown
rapidly because of their good processability and ability to be recycled.
Fillers are added to the polymeric matrix with the aim of improving its
thermal and mechanical properties.

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
S.NO AUTHORS YEAR TITLE JOURNAL NAME OBSERVATION
1 H.TAKAGI 2012 Extraction and
tensile
properties of
Natural Fiber.
Journal of reinforced
plastics and
composites.
He suggested development of
high strength biomass
composites made from bamboo.
In this they used steam
explosion technique of fiber
extraction.
2 SATNAM
SINGH
2013 Fabrication and
testing of
Natural Fiber
Reinforced
Hybrid
composites.
Extraction and
preparation of Bamboo
Fiber-Reinforced
composites.
He investigated that the
properties of the matrix can be
improved by incorporating the
reinforcement phase. The
strength of any composite
depends upon volume/weight
fraction of reinforcement, L/D
ratio of fibers, orientation angles
and other factor.

6. S.NO AUTHORS YEAR TITLE JOURNAL NAME OBSERVATION
3 CHAOQUN
ZHANG
2016 Fundamental
parameters for the
utilization of
Bamboo Composite
Material.
Experimental study on
Tensile and
Compressive Strength
of Bamboo Scrimber.
He investigate to study the
connections in Bamboo
constructions are regarded as the
weakest parts and have hindered
the optimal utilization of
excellent Bamboo Engineering
properties were studied in this
work.
4 SHINJI OCHI 2012 Tensile properties
of Bamboo Fiber
Reinforced
Biodegradable
Plastics.
Bamboo Fiber-
Reinforced bio
composites.
He studied Tensile Properties of
Bamboo Fiber Reinforced
Biodegradable Plastics. I. The
tensile strengths of the
composites increased with
increasing fiber content up to
70%. The composites possessed
extremely high tensile strengths.

7. Drying under sun for sufficient time
Crushing Bamboo Cellulouse
Apply layers of Fiber
Laminating top layer
Extracting Bamboo straps from source
Hand lay up Epoxy Resin
Tensile strength test,
Impact test
Hardness strength test,
flextural test
Result and Conclusion
METHODOLOGY

8. FABRICATION OF COMPOSITES
PREPARATION OF MOULD PLACING THE MIXING MOULD
REMOVAL OF MOULD
PREPARATION METHOD

9. TEST SPECIMEN

10. EXPERIMENTATION
SELECTION OF MATRIX:
Epoxy Resin used - Araldite LY556
Density - 1.15 to 1.20 [g/cm^3]
Hardener used - HY951
Density - 1.13 [g/cm^3]
Curing Temperature - Room Temperature
The Epoxy Resin and Hardener are mixed by 10.1 weight ratio.
RAW MATERIALS USED IN HAND LAY-METHOD:
MATRIX - Epoxy LY556
REINFORCEMENT - Bamboo + Sisal + Banana
HARDENER - Araldite HY951

11. Extraction of Bamboo fibers Natural fibers are extracted by three
method namely mechanical ,chemical and steam explosion methods.
Availability of resources chemical extraction method used here.
Procedure: Heat the bamboo strips of average thickness 2.0cm and
length 20cm in 1% NaOH solution for 10 hours at 70 C in oven. Wash
bamboo strips with water to neutralize it and keep for 4-5 days.
COMPOSITE FABRICATION :Hand lay method of composite
fabrication. Procedure As per ASTM standard of specimen prepare the
mould. Apply the remover smoothly on the mould surface. Pour the
first layer of matrix and place the fibres over it. Then pour second layer
of matrix and roll the surface by roller. Repeat the same for number of
plies.

12. TENSILE TEST
ASTM D3039 tensile testing is used to measure the force
required to break a polymer composite specimen and the extent to which
the specimen stretches or elongates to that breaking point. Tensile tests
produce a stress-strain diagram, which is used to determine tensile
modulus. The data is often used to specify a material, to design parts to
withstand application force and as a quality control check of materials.

13. FLEXURAL TEST
Flexural Properties of Composites by ASTM D7264Intertek provides flexural
properties testing for various polymer matrix composites, using ASTM D7264.
ASTM D7264 outlines testing of flexural properties of polymer matrix composites
using a bar of rectangular cross section supported on a beam and deflected at a constant
rate. Fabric-reinforced textile composite materials are also referenced within the ASTM
D7264 method. Flexural properties of many materials can vary depending on temperature,
rate of strain and specimen thickness, it may be appropriate to test materials at varied
parameters.

14. IMPACT TEST
An impact test is used to observe the mechanics that a material
will exhibit when it experiences a shock loading that causes the
specimen to immediately deform, fracture or rupture completely. To
perform this test the sample is placed into a holding fixture with the
geometry and orientation determined by the type of test that is used and
then a known weight generally but not always in the shape of a
pendulum is released from a known height so that it collides with the
specimen with a sudden force. This collision between the weight and
specimen generally results in the destruction of the specimen but the
transfer of energy between the two is used to determine the fracture
mechanics of the material.

15. TEST RESULTS
Tensile Test

16. Flexural Test

17. Impact Test

18. COMPARISON CHART
Comparison Of Tensile, Flexural and Impact Test

19. ADVANTAGES
• Cheaper when compared to existing materials,
• Reusable material,
• Long life product,
• Less weight,
• Easy available materials are used,
• Less time to manufacture,

20. • No need of skill labor to design this,
• Capable of operating at elevated temperatures.
• Material cost also very less when compared to
others.

21. APPLICATIONS
Bamboo composite are made by pure bamboo fiber yarns, sisal fiber, banana
fiber which have excellent Wet Permeability, moisture vapor transmission property,
soft hand, better drapery, easy dying, and splendid colors. It is a newly founded,
great prospective green fabric.
• Bamboo Based Bio-composite Material
• Interior Design
• Furniture Application (Chair, Coir type)
• Automotives (Roofing, Bannet, Bumper)
• Construction

22. CALCULATIONS
1.Tensile Load
Tensile Load = 0.948 KN
Total Tensile Strength of composite = load / area
= 0.940 / (12.5 x 3)
= 25 N/mm2
2.Flexural load
Flexural load = 1.214 k N
Total Flexural strength of composite = {3PL / (2 x b x t)}

23. Where ; P = load = 1214 N
b = breadth = 12.5mm
t = thickness = 3mm
L = length = 130mm
= (3 x 1214x 130/(2 x12.5 x 9))
= 2104.267 N/mm2.
3. Impact strength
Total Impact strength of composite = 3.833 J

24. RESULT
TEST RESULTS OF SAMPLE MATERIALS:
Samples
Names
Samples
(In %)
Tensile test
(Breaking
load in KN)
ASTMD638
Flexural test
(Breaking
load in KN)
ASTMD790
Impact
test in
joules
ASTM
D 256
A (E85%+B05%+05%+Ba05%) 0.335 0.689 3.33
B
(E75%+B10%+S10%+Ba5%)
0.482 0.846 3.333
C
(E90%+B15%+S15%+Ba5%)
0.940 1.214 3.833
The above table shows the comparison of the cracking loads ,
nominal and ultimate failure loads between the values measured
during the tests values are obtained.

25. CONCLUSION
As the orientation of fiber with loading direction changes
ultimately it effects on the strength of composites. It has been concluded
that as orientation changes from longitudinal to transverse direction the
tensile strength changes maximum to minimum. The different weight
fraction of Bamboo, Sisal and Banana fibers in composite shows
different strength. Tensile strength, Flexural strength and Impact
strength increases with increase in weight fraction of Bamboo, Sisal and
Banana fibers in composites. Reinforced hybrid composites finds
various applications from Structural, Automotive and Domestic
equipment’s as it has high strength and light weight.

26. THANK YOU