https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i4/IRJET-V7I4374.pdf

1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1957
Design and Development of an Advanced Multi-Dimensional Ultrasonic
Sensor with Enhanced Precision
Sanath J Shetty1, Sandeep L Moji2, Santhosh Kumar S3
1Associate Engineer, Torus Solutions, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
2Associate Engineer, Torus Solutions, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
3Programmer Analyst, Cognizant, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – A multidimensional ultrasonic sensor can be
used in all applications where the generic ultrasonic sensors
are used. The enhanced ultrasonic sensor not only returns the
time difference between the transmitted and the received
wave but also is capable of reconstructing the obstacle in the
surroundings. This sensor is an array of ultrasonic sensors
operating in different frequencies with help in predicting the
obstacle in the specific direction. Theviewofthereconstructed
image in that very instance helps to take further actions or
ignore or dodge the obstacle and it colour mapping the
reconstructed image of the obstacle identifies the motion of
the obstacle either towards or away from the sensor.
Key Words: Ultrasonic sensor, Obstacle, Multi-
dimensional, Frequency, Band pass filter, Transmitter,
Receiver, Greyscale.
1. INTRODUCTION
Ultrasonic sensors which transmit ultrasounds in the
frequency range of 20 kHz to 200 MHz are used to calculate
the distance between the transmitter and the obstacle inthe
scope of the sensor. In the ultrasonic frequency spectrum,
the frequency range from 20 KHz to 2 MHz is used for
medical and destructive purpose while the frequency
spectrum from 2MHz to 200MHz is used for diagnostics and
NDE (Non-Destructive Evaluation).The generic ultrasonic
sensor detects the obstacle withinitsnarrowscope.Incaseif
the obstacle is behind the sensor, it fails to detect the
obstacle. So we cannot get the complete picture of the
surroundings. Design and development of a sensor capable
enough to detect obstacles around it in any axis or direction
are important.
This enhanced ultra-sonic sensor not only calculates the
distance but tries to get the shape of the object so that the
operator can recognise the obstacle and take necessary
actions.
2. Proposed Work
The spherical design of the sensor helps to embed more
trans-receivers on the surface of the sensor. Each trans-
receiver on the surface of the spheretransmitstheultrasonic
signal of different frequency simultaneously. As soon as the
obstacle is hit, the emitted ultrasonic signal is reflected
towards the trans-receiver.
2.1 Working Principle
The generic ultrasonic sensor emits a signal intheultrasonic
range and when the signal hits an obstacle it reflects back
towards the receiver. The difference in time between the
transmitted signal and the received signal is used to
calculate the distance of the obstacle.
The receiver of each sensor has a band-pass filter receiving
only the particular band of frequency emitted by its
transmitter. So that there no possibility of any false reading
within a collection of the trans-receivers. The reflecting
waves can also be a result of small obstacleswhichshouldbe
neglected or the result of the flash effect is handled by
comparing the data with the neighbouring values. [3] A
Gaussian-shaped bandpass filter with appropriate
bandwidth and centre frequency located in the lowerpart of
the passband of the received signal spectrum can extractthe
flaw information.[2]On the other hand, a bandpass filter
centre+-d at the upper-end of the received signal will retain
mainly grain noise and hence reduce the detectability of the
signal. [2]
The bandpass filter is designed using the formula
f = 1/(2*pi*R*C), where f is the frequency,
R is the resistance,
and C is the capacitance of the filter.
The sensor's data is read as an array and the data in each
index represents one of the trans-receivers mounted on the
surface of the sensor. Each data in the array is mapped to a
grayscale value between intensity 0 to 255(RGB colour
scheme) based on the distance between the obstacleand the
trans-receiver. The closer the obstacle lower the intensity
value. Finally, to extract the shape of the obstaclethearrayis
rearranged as a matrix.
The ultrasonic sensor results approximately similar results
with an exemption of rippled cloth with have low negative
correlation compared to wood, paper, plastic and metal. [1]

2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1958
Table -1: Multiple co-relation between few materials.
Wood Paper Cloth Plastic Metal
Wood 1.00
Paper 1.00 1.00
Cloth -.48 -.45 1.00
Plastic 1.00 1.00 -.46 1.00
Metal 1.00 1.00 -.47 1.00 1.00
Fig -1: Trans-receiving waves from multiple obstacles in a
single instance.
Fig -2: Image retrieved from the output array
3. Applications.
1. The sensor can be deployed to predict the contour
of an indoor environment in an instance of
emergencies like finding and rescuing hostages.
2. This multi-axial sensor provides an increase in
accuracy in detecting obstacles in all the dimension
for the lightweight flying machines.
3. Multi-dimensional ultrasonic imaging and health
monitoring systems.
4. CONCLUSION
This new enhanced ultrasonic sensor gives the capability to
detect obstacles all around the body which increases the
ability to dodge the obstacle coming towardsthebodyin any
direction (especially useful in case of lightweight flying
machines). The conversion of array values to image pixels in
a grayscale helps to identify the obstacle and their distance
from the body which help to carry out further steps.
REFERENCES
[1] Christofer N. Yalung and Cid Mathew S. Adolfo "Analysis
of Obstacle Detection Using Ultrasonic Sensor "
[2] Rashmi Murthy, Nihat M. Bilgutay and Jafar Saniie
"APPLICATION OF BANDPASS FILTERING IN
ULTRASONIC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING ".
[3] Munipalli UmaMaheswararao and Bala Brahmeswara
Kadaru "Seeing Through Walls Using Wi-Vi".