1. The document discusses calibration techniques for pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
2. It describes sources of error in pipelined ADCs like comparator offset, capacitor mismatch, and op-amp finite gain.
3. The document compares different digital calibration techniques for pipelined ADCs including nested background calibration, least mean square calibration, and split calibration. It analyzes the advantages and limitations of each technique.