Submit Search
Upload
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infilled Wall in Different Seismic Zones of India
•
0 likes
•
6 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i10/IRJET-V6I10246.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 8
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
Ac34176185
Ac34176185
IJERA Editor
IRJET- Analysis of Various Effects on Multistory Building (G+27) by Staad Pro...
IRJET- Analysis of Various Effects on Multistory Building (G+27) by Staad Pro...
IRJET Journal
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALL
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALL
IAEME Publication
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Square Shape RC Frame by Replacing Masonry fro...
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Square Shape RC Frame by Replacing Masonry fro...
IRJET Journal
A013120106
A013120106
IOSR Journals
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL AREA ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI STORIED BUILDINGS WITH...
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL AREA ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI STORIED BUILDINGS WITH...
Ijripublishers Ijri
IRJET- A Review on Analysis of Soft Story at Intermediate Levels in a Multi-S...
IRJET- A Review on Analysis of Soft Story at Intermediate Levels in a Multi-S...
IRJET Journal
Recommended
Ac34176185
Ac34176185
IJERA Editor
IRJET- Analysis of Various Effects on Multistory Building (G+27) by Staad Pro...
IRJET- Analysis of Various Effects on Multistory Building (G+27) by Staad Pro...
IRJET Journal
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALL
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALL
IAEME Publication
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Shear Wall Optimization for Multi-...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Square Shape RC Frame by Replacing Masonry fro...
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Square Shape RC Frame by Replacing Masonry fro...
IRJET Journal
A013120106
A013120106
IOSR Journals
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL AREA ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI STORIED BUILDINGS WITH...
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL AREA ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI STORIED BUILDINGS WITH...
Ijripublishers Ijri
IRJET- A Review on Analysis of Soft Story at Intermediate Levels in a Multi-S...
IRJET- A Review on Analysis of Soft Story at Intermediate Levels in a Multi-S...
IRJET Journal
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storey
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storey
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review Paper
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review Paper
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Study of Behaviour of Multi-Storey Building with Shear Walls
IRJET- Study of Behaviour of Multi-Storey Building with Shear Walls
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs & Conventional RC S...
IRJET- Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs & Conventional RC S...
IRJET Journal
Optimum Shape of Cut-Out Opening on Concrete Structural Wall
Optimum Shape of Cut-Out Opening on Concrete Structural Wall
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure wit...
IRJET- Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure wit...
IRJET Journal
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wall
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wall
IRJET Journal
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...
ijsrd.com
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...
IRJET Journal
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitations
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitations
IAEME Publication
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building
IOSR Journals
IRJET-Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of RC Open Ground Storey Fr...
IRJET-Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of RC Open Ground Storey Fr...
IRJET Journal
12 fundamentals for_seismic_design_of_rcc_buildings_by_prof_arya
12 fundamentals for_seismic_design_of_rcc_buildings_by_prof_arya
Abdul Khader Shahadaf TH
Seismic study and performance of 30 storey high rise building with beam slab,...
Seismic study and performance of 30 storey high rise building with beam slab,...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...
IRJET Journal
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequences
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequences
Hashim k abdul azeez
Analysis of Building with Soft Storey during Earthquake
Analysis of Building with Soft Storey during Earthquake
IRJET Journal
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...
ijsrd.com
IRJET-Comparing the Effect of Earthquake on Shear wall building and Non-Shear...
IRJET-Comparing the Effect of Earthquake on Shear wall building and Non-Shear...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...
IRJET Journal
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...
IRJET Journal
More Related Content
What's hot
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storey
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storey
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review Paper
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review Paper
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Study of Behaviour of Multi-Storey Building with Shear Walls
IRJET- Study of Behaviour of Multi-Storey Building with Shear Walls
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs & Conventional RC S...
IRJET- Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs & Conventional RC S...
IRJET Journal
Optimum Shape of Cut-Out Opening on Concrete Structural Wall
Optimum Shape of Cut-Out Opening on Concrete Structural Wall
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure wit...
IRJET- Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure wit...
IRJET Journal
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wall
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wall
IRJET Journal
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...
ijsrd.com
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...
IRJET Journal
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitations
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitations
IAEME Publication
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building
IOSR Journals
IRJET-Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of RC Open Ground Storey Fr...
IRJET-Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of RC Open Ground Storey Fr...
IRJET Journal
12 fundamentals for_seismic_design_of_rcc_buildings_by_prof_arya
12 fundamentals for_seismic_design_of_rcc_buildings_by_prof_arya
Abdul Khader Shahadaf TH
Seismic study and performance of 30 storey high rise building with beam slab,...
Seismic study and performance of 30 storey high rise building with beam slab,...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...
IRJET Journal
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequences
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequences
Hashim k abdul azeez
Analysis of Building with Soft Storey during Earthquake
Analysis of Building with Soft Storey during Earthquake
IRJET Journal
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...
ijsrd.com
IRJET-Comparing the Effect of Earthquake on Shear wall building and Non-Shear...
IRJET-Comparing the Effect of Earthquake on Shear wall building and Non-Shear...
IRJET Journal
What's hot
(20)
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storey
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storey
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review Paper
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review Paper
IRJET- Study of Behaviour of Multi-Storey Building with Shear Walls
IRJET- Study of Behaviour of Multi-Storey Building with Shear Walls
IRJET- Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs & Conventional RC S...
IRJET- Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs & Conventional RC S...
Optimum Shape of Cut-Out Opening on Concrete Structural Wall
Optimum Shape of Cut-Out Opening on Concrete Structural Wall
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...
IRJET- Post Peak Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with and without in F...
IRJET- Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure wit...
IRJET- Comparative Study of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab Structure wit...
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wall
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wall
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitations
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitations
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building
IRJET-Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of RC Open Ground Storey Fr...
IRJET-Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of RC Open Ground Storey Fr...
12 fundamentals for_seismic_design_of_rcc_buildings_by_prof_arya
12 fundamentals for_seismic_design_of_rcc_buildings_by_prof_arya
Seismic study and performance of 30 storey high rise building with beam slab,...
Seismic study and performance of 30 storey high rise building with beam slab,...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequences
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequences
Analysis of Building with Soft Storey during Earthquake
Analysis of Building with Soft Storey during Earthquake
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...
IRJET-Comparing the Effect of Earthquake on Shear wall building and Non-Shear...
IRJET-Comparing the Effect of Earthquake on Shear wall building and Non-Shear...
Similar to IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infilled Wall in Different Seismic Zones of India
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...
IRJET Journal
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...
IRJET Journal
Significance of shear wall in flat slab multi storied building - A Review
Significance of shear wall in flat slab multi storied building - A Review
IRJET Journal
IRJET- A Performance Study of High Raise Building with Flat Slab System u...
IRJET- A Performance Study of High Raise Building with Flat Slab System u...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Effect of Seismic Waves on Multistoried Bu...
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Effect of Seismic Waves on Multistoried Bu...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON INFLUNCE OF THE SHEAR WALL IN TALL INFLUENCE STRUCTURE WITHOUT AN...
A REVIEW ON INFLUNCE OF THE SHEAR WALL IN TALL INFLUENCE STRUCTURE WITHOUT AN...
IRJET Journal
IIRJET-Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with Shear Wal...
IIRJET-Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with Shear Wal...
IRJET Journal
Seismic Response of Multi storey Flat Slab Building with and without Shear Wall
Seismic Response of Multi storey Flat Slab Building with and without Shear Wall
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Study on Shear Wall and Bracing in Irregular Structure and Regular Str...
IRJET- Study on Shear Wall and Bracing in Irregular Structure and Regular Str...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Seismic Linear Analysis of Low Rise Open Ground Storey Buildings
IRJET- Seismic Linear Analysis of Low Rise Open Ground Storey Buildings
IRJET Journal
Study on the effect of special shear walls on seismic behaviour of multi- sto...
Study on the effect of special shear walls on seismic behaviour of multi- sto...
IRJET Journal
Analysis and Design of shear wall
Analysis and Design of shear wall
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...
IRJET Journal
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON G+10 STOREY RCC BULDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL USIN...
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON G+10 STOREY RCC BULDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL USIN...
IRJET Journal
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...
IJERA Editor
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...
IRJET Journal
A Review on Investigation of Effect of Floating Column and Infill Wall on the...
A Review on Investigation of Effect of Floating Column and Infill Wall on the...
IRJET Journal
Similar to IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infilled Wall in Different Seismic Zones of India
(20)
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...
Significance of shear wall in flat slab multi storied building - A Review
Significance of shear wall in flat slab multi storied building - A Review
IRJET- A Performance Study of High Raise Building with Flat Slab System u...
IRJET- A Performance Study of High Raise Building with Flat Slab System u...
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Effect of Seismic Waves on Multistoried Bu...
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Effect of Seismic Waves on Multistoried Bu...
A REVIEW ON INFLUNCE OF THE SHEAR WALL IN TALL INFLUENCE STRUCTURE WITHOUT AN...
A REVIEW ON INFLUNCE OF THE SHEAR WALL IN TALL INFLUENCE STRUCTURE WITHOUT AN...
IIRJET-Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with Shear Wal...
IIRJET-Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with Shear Wal...
Seismic Response of Multi storey Flat Slab Building with and without Shear Wall
Seismic Response of Multi storey Flat Slab Building with and without Shear Wall
IRJET- Study on Shear Wall and Bracing in Irregular Structure and Regular Str...
IRJET- Study on Shear Wall and Bracing in Irregular Structure and Regular Str...
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...
IRJET- Seismic Linear Analysis of Low Rise Open Ground Storey Buildings
IRJET- Seismic Linear Analysis of Low Rise Open Ground Storey Buildings
Study on the effect of special shear walls on seismic behaviour of multi- sto...
Study on the effect of special shear walls on seismic behaviour of multi- sto...
Analysis and Design of shear wall
Analysis and Design of shear wall
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON G+10 STOREY RCC BULDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL USIN...
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON G+10 STOREY RCC BULDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL USIN...
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...
A Review on Investigation of Effect of Floating Column and Infill Wall on the...
A Review on Investigation of Effect of Floating Column and Infill Wall on the...
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
Recently uploaded
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
ranjana rawat
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
RajaP95
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
959SahilShah
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
purnimasatapathy1234
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning UNIT III notes and Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning UNIT III notes and Question bank .pdf
Asst.prof M.Gokilavani
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
João Esperancinha
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
vipinkmenon1
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
malavadedarshan25
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Dr.Costas Sachpazis
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
ranjana rawat
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
RajaP95
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
eptoze12
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
ranjana rawat
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
srsj9000
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
soniya singh
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
NikhilNagaraju
Recently uploaded
(20)
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning UNIT III notes and Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning UNIT III notes and Question bank .pdf
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infilled Wall in Different Seismic Zones of India
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1427 A REVIEW ON R.C.C. STRUCTURE WITH FULLY, PARTIALLY AND WITHOUT INFILLED WALL IN DIFFERENT SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA Sachin Patel1, Vikrant Dubey2, Kapil Soni3 1Department of Structural Engineering, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal 2Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal 3HOD of Department of Civil Engineering, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal ----------------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: Since long masonry infill are being used to fill up the voids between the horizontal and vertical structural elements such as beams and columns. They are treated as non-structural elements and they are not considered during the analysis and design of the structure such an approach can lead to an unsafe design. But, when laterally loaded they tends to interact with the RC frame, changing the structural behaviour. However, infill walls contribute to lateral stiffness and seismic resistance to the building. In this study an approach is made in which seismic analysis of Reinforced Concrete frame structure is done considering full infilled walls, without infilled walls and partially infilled walls. In this analysis, a G+ 15 story R. C. frame structure is considered in seismic zone IV and V on medium soil strata by performing response spectrum analysis using STAAD PRO software. On the basis of this work results has been obtained. Results for Maximum Nodal Displacement, Maximum Reactions, Maximum Base Shear and Maximum Story Shear are compared for different models. KEYWORDS: RC frame, infill walls, response spectrum, medium soil, seismic zone, STAAD PRO. 1. INTRODUCTION The infills are mostly used as interior partition walls and external walls which are protecting from outside environment to the building. The masonry infill panels are generally not considered in the design process and treated as architectural (non-structural) components. Reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with masonry infill walls have been widely constructed for commercial, industrial and multi-story residential uses in seismic regions. Masonry infill typically consists of bricks or concrete blocks constructed between beams and columns of a reinforced concrete frame. The presence of masonry infill walls has a significant impact on the seismic response of a reinforced concrete frame building, increasing structural strength and stiffness. Properly designed infills can increase the overall strength, lateral resistance and energy dissipation of the structure. An infill wall reduces the lateral deflections and bending moments in the frame, thereby decreasing the probability of collapse. Recent studies have shown that the use of masonry infill panel has a significant effect not only on the strength and stiffness but also on the energy dissipation mechanism of the overall structure. Neglecting the effects of masonry infill can lead to inadequate assessment of structural damage of infill frame structures subjected to intense ground motions. In developing countries like India there is increasing need of high-rise buildings. High-rise building is a solution of land scarcity in developing cities and due to scarcity of land commercial utilization of high-rise buildings and their construction is enhanced. Around the business section of cities wide office space is needed which is easily be available in high-rise buildings and tall buildings. 1.1 INFILLED WALLS Infill walling is the generic name given to a panel that is built in between the floors of the primary structural frame of a building in other words Infill panel walls are a form of cladding built between the structural members of a building. The structural frame provides support for the cladding system, and the cladding provides separation of the internal and external environments. Infill walls are considered to be non-load bearing, but they resist wind loads. Functional requirements for infill panel walls include: • They are self-supporting between structural framing members. • They provide weather-resistance. • They provide thermal and sound insulation.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1428 • The provide fire resistance. • They provide sufficient openings for natural ventilation and glazing. 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The main objective of this work is to do the comparative study of seismic analysis of R.C.C. framed structure with full infilled walls, without infilled walls and partially infilled walls in seismic zone IV and V. The same structure is analysed by STAAD PRO software. Following are the objectives of this work- 1. To study the Maximum Nodal Displacement in both the horizontal directions, Maximum Reactions, Maximum Base Shear and Maximum Moments for both the structures. 2. To study the effect of full infilled walls, partially infilled walls and without infilled walls on the overall structure. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW • Shriyanshu Swarnkar (2015), studied 4, 8 and 12 storey buildings with their number of bays increasing from 3 to 6 were modelled as bare and infilled frame. Equivalent Static Analysis (ESA), Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) and non-linear static Pushover analysis were performed on all structures. Base shear capacity for both ESA and RSA were compared for bare and infilled frame. Pushover curves were plotted for all structures and comparison was made and they concluded that Infill panels being stiffer than columns fail first and simultaneously from which it was observed that infill panels are responsible for initial stiffness of the structure. • Ayman Abd-Elhamed (2015), investigated the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) frame building considering the effect of modelling masonry infill (MI) walls. The seismic behaviour of a residential 6-storey RC frame building, considering and ignoring the effect of masonry, is numerically investigated using response spectrum (RS) analysis. The considered herein building is designed as a moment resisting frame (MRF) system following the Egyptian code (EC) requirements. Two developed models in terms of bare frame and infill walls frame are used in the study. Equivalent diagonal strut methodology is used to represent the behaviour of infill walls, whilst the well-known software package ETABS is used for implementing all frame models and performing the analysis. The results of the numerical simulations such as base shear, displacements, and internal forces for the bare frame as well as the infill wall frame are presented in a comparative way. The results of the study indicate that the interaction between infill walls and frames significantly change the responses of buildings during earthquakes compared to the results of bare frame building model. Specifically, the seismic analysis of RC bare frame structure leads to underestimation of base shear and consequently damage or even collapse of buildings may occur under strong shakings. On the other hand, considering infill walls significantly decrease the peak floor displacements and drifts in both X and Y-directions. • Ravish Khan et. al. (2016), analysed two models of tall structures with different symmetric and asymmetric plan geometries are analysed by linear static method and designed for the same. The analysis results are shown in terms of storey shear, storey drift and storey displacement in all the two models. • Sorina Constantinescu (2017), presents a study about the effect of masonry infill walls on the behaviour of framed buildings, in seismic areas. The study was done for a building that will be built in Bucharest, Romania. In this case, the building will have 6 stories. The bays are narrow, because of the architecture requirements. The structure is composed of concrete frames. The masonry infill walls may assure an enhanced rigidity of the structure. Framed structures in seismic areas tend to have important lateral displacements and great bending moments at the ground floor in columns. It is important to establish the influence those walls have on the structure's behaviour. • Kasım Armağan KORKMAZ (2007), study, a 3-story R/C frame structure with different amount of masonry infill walls is considered to investigate the effect of infill walls on earthquake response of these type of structures. The diagonal strut approach is adopted for modelling masonry infill walls. Pushover curves are obtained for the structures using nonlinear analyses option of commercial software SAP2000. Nonlinear analyses are realized to sketch pushover curves and results are presented in comparison and the effects of irregular configuration of masonry infill wall on the performance of the
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1429 structure are studied. From the pushover curves, story displacements, relative story displacements, maximum plastic rotations are determined. Regarding with the analysis results, the effects of irregularities are determined. 3. METHODOLOGY Cases under consideration: Software used Configuration of Building Model Dimensions Story Remarks STAAD Pro. Rectangular with Full Infilled walls 40m x 30m 16 Seismic forces of ZONE IV and V as per IS: 1893:2002. STAAD Pro. Rectangular with Partial Infilled walls 40m x 30m 16 Seismic load of ZONE IV and V as per IS: 1893:2002. STAAD Pro. Rectangular without Infilled walls 40m x 30m 16 Seismic load of ZONE IV and V as per IS: 1893:2002.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1430 3.1 FLOW CHART DIAGRAM 3.2 Specifications: Specifications Data Storey Height 3.5 m No. of Bays Along Length 8 No. of Bays Along Height 16 No. of Bays Along Width 6 Bay Length Along Length 40 m
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1431 Bay Length Along Height 56 m Bay Length Along Width 30 m Concrete Grade M-25 Density of R.C.C. 25 KN/m3 Density of Masonry 20 KN/m3 Columns 350mmx500mm Beams 300 mm x 350 mm Slab Thickness 120 mm Wall Thickness Interior Exterior 100 mm 200 mm Support Conditions Fixed Dead Load Taken by Software Live Load- Roof Rest of the structure 1 KN/m2 2 KN/m2 Exterior Full Wall Load 12.6 kN/m Interior Full Wall Load 6.3 kN/m Partial Exterior wall load 9.44 kN/m Partial Interior wall load 4.72 kN/m Soil Conditions Medium Soil Damping Ratio 5%, as per IS-1893: 2002 (Part-1) Response Reduction Factor 3 Importance Factor 1 Zone Factor 0.24 as per IS 1893-2002 (Part-1) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1432 5. CONCLUSIONS • Maximum Reactions increases as we provide partial infill wall and full infill wall in the structure and are minimum for No infill wall structure.
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1433 • The value of Reaction does not depend on seismic zone so it is same for Full infilled wall structure, Partial infilled wall structure and No infilled wall structure in seismic zone IV and V and Full Infilled wall structure has more reaction than Partial and Without or No Infilled wall structure. • Base Shear shows no change for all the three cases and only depends upon the zone. • With the increase in seismic zone from IV to V base shear increases from an amount of 51% in all the structures. • Maximum storey displacements are minimum for Full infill wall structure and increases as we provide partial infill wall structure and are maximum for no infill wall structure. Hence, we can conclude infill wall plays an important role if maximum storey displacement parameter has given more importance. • Maximum storey displacement increases by an amount of 16.8 mm and 26.5 mm in X direction and Z direction respectively in seismic zone IV and V respectively because we have taken a rectangular geometry with 40 m in X direction and 30 m in z direction. • With the increase in seismic zone from IV to V maximum storey displacement increases from an amount of 66.68% in X and Z direction both. • The values of Maximum Overturning Moments are more for infilled wall structure because the weight of the structure is more in full infill wall structure as compared to partial and no infilled wall structure for both the seismic zones. • The maximum displacement at all the stories decreases by an amount of approximately 11 % if we provide Partial infill wall and by an amount of approximately 19 % if we provide Full infill wall as compared to the structure having No infill wall. REFERENCES 1. Bureau of Indian Standards: IS-875, part 1, Dead Loads on Buildings and Structures, New Delhi, India, 1987. 2. Bureau of Indian Standards: IS-875, part 2, Live Loads on Buildings and Structures, New Delhi, India, 1987. 3. Bureau of Indian Standards: IS-1893, part 1, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: Part 1 General provisions and Buildings, New Delhi, India, 2002. 4. Bureau of Indian Standards: IS 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice. 5. Rai, Durgesh C. (2005), Seismic Evaluation and Strengthening of Existing Buildings, IIT Kanpur and Gujarat State Disaster Mitigation Authority. 6. Agrawal, P. and Shrikhande, M. (2006), “Earthquake resistant design of structures”, Prentice Hall of India, Inc. 7. Chandurkar P.P, Pajgade P.S, Analysis of RCC building with or without shear wall, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp 1805-1810, 2013. 8. Chopra, A.K., Dynamics of Structure, Theory and Application to Earthquake Engineering Prentice-Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1995. 9. Chidananda HR, Raghu K, G Narayana, “Analysis of RC Framed Structures with Central and Partial Openings in Masonry Infill Wall Using Diagonal Strut Method”, Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, IJRET. 10. Mohammad H. Jinya, V. R. Patel,” Analysis of RC Frame with and Without Masonry Infill Wall with Different Stiffness with Outer Central Opening”, Volume: 03 Issue: 06| Jun-2014, eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308, IJRET. 11. Narendra A. Kaple, V.D. Gajbhiye, S.D. Malkhede,” Seismic Analysis Of RC Frame Structure With And Without Masonry Infill Walls”, ISSN: 2348 – 8352, (ICEEOT) – 2016. 12. Mircea Bârnaure, Ana-Maria Ghiţă, “SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF MASONRY-INFILLED RC FRAMES”, Urbanism. Arhitectură. Construction • Vol. 7 • Nr. 3 • 2016.
8.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 10 | Oct 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1434 13. Murty, C.V.R., and Jain, S.K., 2000. Beneficial influence of masonry infills on seismic performance of RC frame buildings, Proceedings, 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand, Paper No.1790. 14. Diptesh Das and C.V.R. Murty, Brick masonry infills in seismic design of RC framed building, The Indian Concrete Journal, July 2004.
Download now