Submit Search
Upload
An Extensive Literature Review Showing Relation Between Process Parameter And Mechanical Properties of Welded Hard PVC by Hot Air Technique
•
1 like
•
45 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://irjet.net/archives/V3/i2/IRJET-V3I271.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 5
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
CFD INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL SEAL FOR IMPROVE THERMAL PROPERTY BY USING D...
CFD INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL SEAL FOR IMPROVE THERMAL PROPERTY BY USING D...
Er Sandeep Duran
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composites
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composites
ijtsrd
Manufacturing Processes 29
Manufacturing Processes 29
BhaveshMhaskar
EVALUATION OF PROCESSES PARAMETER AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FRICTION STIR ...
EVALUATION OF PROCESSES PARAMETER AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FRICTION STIR ...
IAEME Publication
Study of talc filled polypropylene a concept for
Study of talc filled polypropylene a concept for
eSAT Publishing House
Ch01
Ch01
klivsie
EFFECT OF THE ROUGHNESS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE BASE MATERIAL O...
EFFECT OF THE ROUGHNESS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE BASE MATERIAL O...
IAEME Publication
A04011 03 0112
A04011 03 0112
IJMER
Recommended
CFD INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL SEAL FOR IMPROVE THERMAL PROPERTY BY USING D...
CFD INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL SEAL FOR IMPROVE THERMAL PROPERTY BY USING D...
Er Sandeep Duran
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composites
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composites
ijtsrd
Manufacturing Processes 29
Manufacturing Processes 29
BhaveshMhaskar
EVALUATION OF PROCESSES PARAMETER AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FRICTION STIR ...
EVALUATION OF PROCESSES PARAMETER AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FRICTION STIR ...
IAEME Publication
Study of talc filled polypropylene a concept for
Study of talc filled polypropylene a concept for
eSAT Publishing House
Ch01
Ch01
klivsie
EFFECT OF THE ROUGHNESS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE BASE MATERIAL O...
EFFECT OF THE ROUGHNESS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE BASE MATERIAL O...
IAEME Publication
A04011 03 0112
A04011 03 0112
IJMER
Metal powders
Metal powders
primary information services
P/M: Basics
P/M: Basics
chimco.net
Powder met wiley
Powder met wiley
Ashok Kumar
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of gas based coolant-lubric...
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of gas based coolant-lubric...
eSAT Journals
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of
eSAT Publishing House
Injection Molding Simulation Analysis of Car Rim Using SolidWorks® Plastics
Injection Molding Simulation Analysis of Car Rim Using SolidWorks® Plastics
Sheharyar Ghani
Elevated Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Compression Examination and Hot Roll...
Elevated Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Compression Examination and Hot Roll...
IJERA Editor
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy
ZTE Nepal
Topic 6 powder metallurgy 160214
Topic 6 powder metallurgy 160214
Huai123
Merged document 4
Merged document 4
Ekeeda
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi Methods
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi Methods
RSIS International
1 high polymers and elastomers
1 high polymers and elastomers
Ekeeda
Powder metallurgy prsentation
Powder metallurgy prsentation
Pankaj tailor
material evaluation and process selection
material evaluation and process selection
cgururajme
Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Replacing Cement Partially with Powdered Gl...
Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Replacing Cement Partially with Powdered Gl...
YogeshIJTSRD
Powder Metallurgy
Powder Metallurgy
Muhammad Ahmed
Structural foam molding
Structural foam molding
Reshmi Rao
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy
Paras Savaliya
Plastic processing abhishek 183 (1)
Plastic processing abhishek 183 (1)
translateds
Cfd investigation of mechanical seal for improve thermal property by using di...
Cfd investigation of mechanical seal for improve thermal property by using di...
eSAT Journals
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...
IRJET Journal
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...
eSAT Journals
More Related Content
What's hot
Metal powders
Metal powders
primary information services
P/M: Basics
P/M: Basics
chimco.net
Powder met wiley
Powder met wiley
Ashok Kumar
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of gas based coolant-lubric...
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of gas based coolant-lubric...
eSAT Journals
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of
eSAT Publishing House
Injection Molding Simulation Analysis of Car Rim Using SolidWorks® Plastics
Injection Molding Simulation Analysis of Car Rim Using SolidWorks® Plastics
Sheharyar Ghani
Elevated Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Compression Examination and Hot Roll...
Elevated Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Compression Examination and Hot Roll...
IJERA Editor
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy
ZTE Nepal
Topic 6 powder metallurgy 160214
Topic 6 powder metallurgy 160214
Huai123
Merged document 4
Merged document 4
Ekeeda
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi Methods
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi Methods
RSIS International
1 high polymers and elastomers
1 high polymers and elastomers
Ekeeda
Powder metallurgy prsentation
Powder metallurgy prsentation
Pankaj tailor
material evaluation and process selection
material evaluation and process selection
cgururajme
Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Replacing Cement Partially with Powdered Gl...
Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Replacing Cement Partially with Powdered Gl...
YogeshIJTSRD
Powder Metallurgy
Powder Metallurgy
Muhammad Ahmed
Structural foam molding
Structural foam molding
Reshmi Rao
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy
Paras Savaliya
Plastic processing abhishek 183 (1)
Plastic processing abhishek 183 (1)
translateds
What's hot
(19)
Metal powders
Metal powders
P/M: Basics
P/M: Basics
Powder met wiley
Powder met wiley
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of gas based coolant-lubric...
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of gas based coolant-lubric...
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of
Machinability of nickel and titanium alloys under of
Injection Molding Simulation Analysis of Car Rim Using SolidWorks® Plastics
Injection Molding Simulation Analysis of Car Rim Using SolidWorks® Plastics
Elevated Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Compression Examination and Hot Roll...
Elevated Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Compression Examination and Hot Roll...
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy
Topic 6 powder metallurgy 160214
Topic 6 powder metallurgy 160214
Merged document 4
Merged document 4
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi Methods
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi Methods
1 high polymers and elastomers
1 high polymers and elastomers
Powder metallurgy prsentation
Powder metallurgy prsentation
material evaluation and process selection
material evaluation and process selection
Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Replacing Cement Partially with Powdered Gl...
Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Replacing Cement Partially with Powdered Gl...
Powder Metallurgy
Powder Metallurgy
Structural foam molding
Structural foam molding
Powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy
Plastic processing abhishek 183 (1)
Plastic processing abhishek 183 (1)
Similar to An Extensive Literature Review Showing Relation Between Process Parameter And Mechanical Properties of Welded Hard PVC by Hot Air Technique
Cfd investigation of mechanical seal for improve thermal property by using di...
Cfd investigation of mechanical seal for improve thermal property by using di...
eSAT Journals
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...
IRJET Journal
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...
eSAT Journals
Welding plastics
Welding plastics
hrana287
Design and Analysis of Composite Cylinder
Design and Analysis of Composite Cylinder
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Study on Process Parameters of Diffusion Bonding of Titanium with ...
IRJET- Study on Process Parameters of Diffusion Bonding of Titanium with ...
IRJET Journal
Investigations on The Effects of Different Heat Transfer Coefficients in The ...
Investigations on The Effects of Different Heat Transfer Coefficients in The ...
IJRESJOURNAL
Plastic welding
Plastic welding
VivekCholleti1
Performance of Thermal Sprayed Nickel-Chrome Coatings – A Review
Performance of Thermal Sprayed Nickel-Chrome Coatings – A Review
IRJET Journal
ANALYSIS OF TOOL USED FOR FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING BY EXPLICIT MESHING SCH...
ANALYSIS OF TOOL USED FOR FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING BY EXPLICIT MESHING SCH...
vivatechijri
A Review on Impression Die Forging
A Review on Impression Die Forging
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Epoxy Coated Flow through Pipe by CFD
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Epoxy Coated Flow through Pipe by CFD
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Replacement of Conventional Curing with...
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Replacement of Conventional Curing with...
IRJET Journal
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
IJERA Editor
IRJET- Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding Process Parameters using Si...
IRJET- Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding Process Parameters using Si...
IRJET Journal
Conceptual design of transfer mould tool for rubber bumper spring
Conceptual design of transfer mould tool for rubber bumper spring
eSAT Publishing House
FW-PPT.pptx
FW-PPT.pptx
NatolMidegsa
Joining of plastics
Joining of plastics
Sandeep Kumar Chavan
15feb3
15feb3
IJRISE Journal
IRJET- Design of Bioreactor for Production of Methane by Rhodospirillum
IRJET- Design of Bioreactor for Production of Methane by Rhodospirillum
IRJET Journal
Similar to An Extensive Literature Review Showing Relation Between Process Parameter And Mechanical Properties of Welded Hard PVC by Hot Air Technique
(20)
Cfd investigation of mechanical seal for improve thermal property by using di...
Cfd investigation of mechanical seal for improve thermal property by using di...
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...
A Review on Coating of Titanium Alloy on Mild Steel using Thermal Spray Techn...
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...
Welding plastics
Welding plastics
Design and Analysis of Composite Cylinder
Design and Analysis of Composite Cylinder
IRJET- Study on Process Parameters of Diffusion Bonding of Titanium with ...
IRJET- Study on Process Parameters of Diffusion Bonding of Titanium with ...
Investigations on The Effects of Different Heat Transfer Coefficients in The ...
Investigations on The Effects of Different Heat Transfer Coefficients in The ...
Plastic welding
Plastic welding
Performance of Thermal Sprayed Nickel-Chrome Coatings – A Review
Performance of Thermal Sprayed Nickel-Chrome Coatings – A Review
ANALYSIS OF TOOL USED FOR FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING BY EXPLICIT MESHING SCH...
ANALYSIS OF TOOL USED FOR FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING BY EXPLICIT MESHING SCH...
A Review on Impression Die Forging
A Review on Impression Die Forging
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Epoxy Coated Flow through Pipe by CFD
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Epoxy Coated Flow through Pipe by CFD
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Replacement of Conventional Curing with...
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Replacement of Conventional Curing with...
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
IRJET- Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding Process Parameters using Si...
IRJET- Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding Process Parameters using Si...
Conceptual design of transfer mould tool for rubber bumper spring
Conceptual design of transfer mould tool for rubber bumper spring
FW-PPT.pptx
FW-PPT.pptx
Joining of plastics
Joining of plastics
15feb3
15feb3
IRJET- Design of Bioreactor for Production of Methane by Rhodospirillum
IRJET- Design of Bioreactor for Production of Methane by Rhodospirillum
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
dollysharma2066
Call for Papers - International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applicatio...
Call for Papers - International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applicatio...
Christo Ananth
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
M Maged Hegazy, LLM, MBA, CCP, P3O
(INDIRA) Call Girl Bhosari Call Now 8617697112 Bhosari Escorts 24x7
(INDIRA) Call Girl Bhosari Call Now 8617697112 Bhosari Escorts 24x7
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile Call Girls
Call Girls in Ramesh Nagar Delhi 💯 Call Us 🔝9953056974 🔝 Escort Service
Call Girls in Ramesh Nagar Delhi 💯 Call Us 🔝9953056974 🔝 Escort Service
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Vivazz, Mieres Social Housing Design Spain
Vivazz, Mieres Social Housing Design Spain
timesproduction05
chapter 5.pptx: drainage and irrigation engineering
chapter 5.pptx: drainage and irrigation engineering
mulugeta48
VIP Call Girls Ankleshwar 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
VIP Call Girls Ankleshwar 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
dharasingh5698
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
Asst.prof M.Gokilavani
BSides Seattle 2024 - Stopping Ethan Hunt From Taking Your Data.pptx
BSides Seattle 2024 - Stopping Ethan Hunt From Taking Your Data.pptx
fenichawla
UNIT-III FMM. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
UNIT-III FMM. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
rknatarajan
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Koregaon Park 6297143586 Call Hot Ind...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Koregaon Park 6297143586 Call Hot Ind...
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Pargaon 6297143586 Call Hot Indian Gi...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Pargaon 6297143586 Call Hot Indian Gi...
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
Double rodded leveling 1 pdf activity 01
Double rodded leveling 1 pdf activity 01
KreezheaRecto
UNIT-IFLUID PROPERTIES & FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT-IFLUID PROPERTIES & FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
rknatarajan
Online banking management system project.pdf
Online banking management system project.pdf
Kamal Acharya
Water Industry Process Automation & Control Monthly - April 2024
Water Industry Process Automation & Control Monthly - April 2024
Water Industry Process Automation & Control
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and their Importance.pptx
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and their Importance.pptx
Asutosh Ranjan
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
ranjana rawat
Call Now ≽ 9953056974 ≼🔝 Call Girls In New Ashok Nagar ≼🔝 Delhi door step de...
Call Now ≽ 9953056974 ≼🔝 Call Girls In New Ashok Nagar ≼🔝 Delhi door step de...
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Recently uploaded
(20)
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
Call for Papers - International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applicatio...
Call for Papers - International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applicatio...
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
Roadmap to Membership of RICS - Pathways and Routes
(INDIRA) Call Girl Bhosari Call Now 8617697112 Bhosari Escorts 24x7
(INDIRA) Call Girl Bhosari Call Now 8617697112 Bhosari Escorts 24x7
Call Girls in Ramesh Nagar Delhi 💯 Call Us 🔝9953056974 🔝 Escort Service
Call Girls in Ramesh Nagar Delhi 💯 Call Us 🔝9953056974 🔝 Escort Service
Vivazz, Mieres Social Housing Design Spain
Vivazz, Mieres Social Housing Design Spain
chapter 5.pptx: drainage and irrigation engineering
chapter 5.pptx: drainage and irrigation engineering
VIP Call Girls Ankleshwar 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
VIP Call Girls Ankleshwar 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
CCS335 _ Neural Networks and Deep Learning Laboratory_Lab Complete Record
BSides Seattle 2024 - Stopping Ethan Hunt From Taking Your Data.pptx
BSides Seattle 2024 - Stopping Ethan Hunt From Taking Your Data.pptx
UNIT-III FMM. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
UNIT-III FMM. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Koregaon Park 6297143586 Call Hot Ind...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Koregaon Park 6297143586 Call Hot Ind...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Pargaon 6297143586 Call Hot Indian Gi...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Pargaon 6297143586 Call Hot Indian Gi...
Double rodded leveling 1 pdf activity 01
Double rodded leveling 1 pdf activity 01
UNIT-IFLUID PROPERTIES & FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT-IFLUID PROPERTIES & FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
Online banking management system project.pdf
Online banking management system project.pdf
Water Industry Process Automation & Control Monthly - April 2024
Water Industry Process Automation & Control Monthly - April 2024
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and their Importance.pptx
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and their Importance.pptx
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Manchar 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
Call Now ≽ 9953056974 ≼🔝 Call Girls In New Ashok Nagar ≼🔝 Delhi door step de...
Call Now ≽ 9953056974 ≼🔝 Call Girls In New Ashok Nagar ≼🔝 Delhi door step de...
An Extensive Literature Review Showing Relation Between Process Parameter And Mechanical Properties of Welded Hard PVC by Hot Air Technique
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 410 An Extensive Literature Review Showing Relation Between Process Parameter And Mechanical Properties of Welded Hard PVC by Hot Air Technique Shakeel Ahmad Dar 1, Mahmood Alam 2, Abhishek Dwivedi 3 1 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering 2, 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Integral University, Lucknow, India ABSTRACT: This paper is procured in the field of polymer joining (welding) to assist relation between process parameter and quality of welded structure of hard PVC. Effect of different parameters during welding, such as air medium, filler rod, weld force, pressure of hot air gas etc. has been studied and also various outlines and applications are also being discussed. Keywords: Polyvinylchloride (P.V.C). Welding, hot air technique, Nitrogen, Heeling, heating element, modulus density. 1. INTRODUCTION: In many industry fields plastic parts are applied more and more frequently. Very demanding criteria must now be fulfilled by parts made of polymeric materials and polymeric composites. In many cases it is not possible to manufacture such parts as single elements. Usually they are assembled from two or more semi products. When leak proof and tough joints are needed common method used to join parts made of thermoplastic polymers is welding technology [5]. The use of polymeric material is nowadays increasingly in a many important applications including packaging, building appliance, electronics, automotive, aerospace [12]. Also used for manufacturing of toys, to utensil to complicated part such as heart valve etc. [3]. Polymeric materials have many advantages including, high specific strength (strength/density ratio), high specific modulus (modulus density ratio), design flexibility, reduced manufacturing costs, excellent corrosion, solvent and environment resistance, thermal and electrical insulation, durability etc. [12, 3]. Plastic offers the structural strength of steel by virtue of its greater elasticity [9]. Plastics can be fabricated by welding and are categorised as thermosets and thermoplastics. Thermoplastics are the only weld able plastics as they maintain their molecular structure even after repeated heating [1]. The common thermoplastics are; acrylics, fluorocarbons, shellac, asphalt, nylon, polyethylene, polyvinyles, and protein substances. Among above the rigid Polyvinyl chloride has sufficient resistance against corrosion, strong acids, alkalies and organic solvent. It is therefore the most common thermoplastic in use these days [1, 4]. 2. FUNDAMENTAL WELDING STEPS AND PROCEDUR IN COMMON USE: The most of the welding processes have in common five distinct steps. The basic welding steps are: I Surface preparation II Heating III Pressing IV Intermolecular diffusion V Cooling 2.1 Surface preparation A good homogeneous weld requires proper preparation of the material [16]. Mild soap and lukewarm water is generally used to remove the dirt and methyl ethyl ketone is used to remove oil and grease [14]. These foreign material may entrapped in weld bead which may leads to poor weld bead. 2.2 Heating A stream of hot air or gas (nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or oxygen) is directed toward the filler and the joint area using a torch. A filler rod or tap (of a similar composition as the polymer being joined) is gently pushed into the gap between the substrates. The gas temperature can range from 200 to 6000 C [3]. 2.3 Pressing Pressure must be applied on filler rod to form close contact between the joining parts [12]. The welding pressure is applied on the partially molten rod and ensures penetration into the weld groove [7].
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 411 2.4 Intermolecular diffusion Once the interfaces conform to each other, they heal together by diffusion and entanglement of molecules. Healing of the interfaces is basically the diffusion of the polymer chains across the interface from one side to the other. This mechanism is depicted in fig.3 at various times and degrees of healing. Under ideal conditions at complete healing, polymer chains at each side of the interface migrate cross the interface so that it essentially becomes indistinguishable from the bulk material [10]. Fig. 3 Details of intermolecular healing of the interface over time. 2.5 Cooling The final stage in the welding process is the cooling and re-solidification of the polymer at the joint. During the final step, semi-crystalline matrices re-crystalize to obtain their final micro structure. Amorphous plastics retain any orientation. In addition, thermally induced residual stresses and distortion remain “frozen” in the parts [12]. 3. HOT AIR TECHNIQUE AND HEATING ELEMENT SOURCE: Hot gas welding is a technique which basically consists of using a stream of hot gas to soften both filler rod and parent metal. The filler rod becomes tacky on its surface of the material to be welded. The tacky surface bond together under pressure of shoe (fig.4) [14]. For hot air technique welding hot air gun is used. The gun consists of a main body which contain heating element. This is a non-contact soldering for high requirements. The air volume and the temperature can be set or adjusted in a wide range; the nozzles can be easily replaced so that each component is soldered by using the suitable nozzle, air and temperature setting [3]. The gas temperature can range from 200 to 6000C, depending upon polymer being joined [3]. Here is a list of plastic welding temperature (in centigrade) for different type of plastics [13] ABS 350ºC Acrylic 350ºC Hard PVC 220 - 300ºC Hypalon 600ºC Polycarbonate 350ºC Polyethylene (Hard) 250 - 280ºC Polyethylene (Soft) 270-300ºC Polyisobutylene 600ºC Polypropylene 300ºC Polyvinylidene Fluoride 350ºC [13] Fig. 4 systematics of hot gas welding [3, 1]. Fig. 5 heating element source [3].
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 412 Table 2. Technical data of heating element [3] Power input 230V/50Hz Power consumption 550 W Temperature 1000C – 4800C (rotary knob adjustment) 4. WELDING MATERIAL AND PROCESS PARAMETERS: The plastics becoming important material to manufacture the components for various category of load carrying application [2]. There are also various thermoplastics which are weld able like ABS, Acrylic, Hypalon, Polycarbonate, Polyethylene (Hard), Polyethylene (Soft), Polyisobutylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinylidene etc. [13]. But Polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C) is the main material which is being welded and insoluble in most of the organic solvents [1]. PVC is the major material being assembled by this technique [8]. Most vehicles built today as well as many other modern products have components made from plastic. For example in automobile and trucks , bumpers grilles , spoilers, and even complete body panels enable designers to enhance aerodynamic styling and cosmetic appeal while retaining impact resistance and eliminating corrosion. So, a plastic component can be quickly restored to an "as new" condition without the need for fillers or special treatments. The combination of welding and the recommended repaint procedures will show no trace of a repair that should last the life of the vehicle [13]. Table 1. Process parameter for hot gas welding [10] Process parameters Description 1. Temperature Temperature of hot gas (N2) 2. Gas Composition of hot gas( air carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen) 3. Angle Include angle between weldment and rod, angle between gas nozzle and weldment. 4. Travel speed Rate at which weld is being deposited 5. Weld force Amount of force applied to the filler rod 6. Filler rod Composition of filler rod 7. Gap distance Distance between gas nozzle and workpiece 8. Weld joint Butt joint and double strap fillet joint. 9. Pressure of hot air/gas Pressure of gas at which it coming out from nozzle 10. shoe Design and size of welding nozzle Effect of welding parameters on tensile strength of weld bead: 1. Effect of Temperature of hot air: Air temperature depends on the type of polymer being joined, and which determines the heating elements, nozzle dimension and gas/air flow rates that are used [3].The melting temperature of Hard polyvinyl chloride PVC (in centigrade, when welded at 20 0C) is 220 - 300ºC [13]. And it is less important during heating if the temperature difference, not greater than 100c, between the plastic surfaces [5]. 2. Effective gas: Generally gas used for welding is air or N [10]. In hot gas (air) welding, the heat transfer medium is a heated gas, in general clean air. In the infancy of plastic welding, the use of Nitrogen proved most successful in preventing material contamination and oxidation [16]. While direct flame chars the material (PVC) and therefore, hot gas is used for welding purpose [1]. With today's material quality and equipment technology, Nitrogen is becoming more and more a relic of the past [16]. 3. Effect of angle: Generally angle between the filler rod and weldment is taken as 900 and between gas nozzle and weldment is 450 [1]. The necessary pressure on the welding rod is hand
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 413 applied by pushing down on it vertically at a 90° angle [16]. 4. Effect of travel speed: [4] Travel speed As far as hot gas (air) hand welding is concerned, more than 90% of the structural welds are high speed welded [16]. 5. Effect of weld force: Best result attains when welding force applied on the weld in the range of 10-20 N when welding shoe is employed, however, it is approximately 5 N [7]. In a weld, exerting pressure on the molten material helps ensure through mixing of the material across the interface. Insufficient welding pressure leads to reduce weldability at the interface [15]. 6. Effect of filler rod: The composition of filler rod is must be similar to the polymer being welded [6]. The filler rod has a round cross-section, but it is also available in oval, triangular and rectangular cross-section [3]. But, standard profiles are round and triangular [16]. Plastic welding rod does not become completely molten, it may appear much the same before and after welding. One accustomed to welding metal a plastic weld may see the weld as appearing incomplete. The reason is that only the outer surface of the rod has become molten while the inner core has remained hard [13]. 7. Effect of gap distance: The gap distance between the nozzle tip and the parent platesurface was varied from almost 0 to 7 mm at varying gas (gas) pressure, and temperature as shown below [1]. Fig .1 gap distance between torch and the job versus temperature of hot air [3] 8. Effect of weld joint: It is shown that double V- welds contains higher values of welding energy than single V-welds. This means that strength of double V-welds can be higher than single V- welds [7]. Fig 2 geometries of weld grove. (a) Single V-weld grooves. (b) Double V- weld groove [7]. 9. Pressure of hot air/gas: Pressure can be varied from 1.4 – 2.8 MPa when shoe is employed. However it is approximately 0.7 MPa [3]. 5. APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS Plastic welding is used to repair polyolefin tank, container and welding of PVC, ABS, PE and PP pipe section [3]. Apart from this it is also used in automotive industry (repair of bumper) construction, sealing, packaging of material, electronics and aerospace etc. [12]. The one of the main disadvantage is that the operator must be well skilled and trained otherwise it make the joint of very less strength or more defective as it should.
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 414 6. CONCLUSION The welding action is an adhesive action [1] and the joint made is still weaker than the parent material. It is also being revealed that under ideal conditions at complete healing, polymer chains at each side of the interface migrate cross the interface so that it essentially becomes indistinguishable from the bulk material [10]. So, there is a need for further investigation of increasing the strength of weld bead rather by changing the parameters or the air medium (N2). REFERENCES [1] Vijay Kumar, M.I. Khan Development of Welding Procedure for Rigid P.V.C. Plastic by Hot air Technique. [2] Empirical modelling relating weld current of hot air and welding speed to stiffness of hot air welded P.V.C plastic. By “Mahmood Alam, Reyaz Ur Rehman and Mohd. Suhail. (ijtra) – Volume 2 issue 1, Jan-Feb 2015. [3] State- Of- The Art in rigid P.V.C plastic welding by hot air technique. By “Mahmood Alam, Dr M.I. Khan. (ijtra) – Volume 1, issue 2 may-June 2013. [4] Study And Empirical Modelling Relating Welding Parameters And Tensile Strength Of Hot Air Welded PVC Plastics. By “Mahmood Alam, Dr Shahnawaz Alam, Kamran Rasheed. (ijtra)- Vol. 2 issue 2, February 2015. [5] M. Rojek a, J. Stabik a,*, G. Muzia. Thermography in Plastics Welding Processes assessment VOLUME 41 ISSUES 1-2 July- August 2010 [6] Thomas H.North and Geetha Ramarathnam, University of Toranto Welding of Plastics. [7] O. Balkan a,*, H. Demirer b, H. Yildirim c Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Hot Gas Welded PE, PP and PVC sheets VOLUME 31 ISSUES 1 November 2008. [8] W. S. Alley/ P. N. Baker Chapter-2 Joining and Assembly of Plastics, Volume-2 Identification, Testing and Recycling of Plastics, Handbook of plastic technology. [9] Thermally Bonded PVC seams Phase 1 “State- Of- The- Art & Preliminary Welding windows Tri/Environmental, INC, A Texas research international company. [10] D. Grewell. A. Benatar Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Welding of plastic: Fundamentals and New developments. [11] James D. Van de Ven, Arthur G Erdman, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55455,Hot Pin Welding of Thin Poly (vinyl Chloride) sheet. [12] Joining of plastics and composites –Mladen Sercer, university of Zagreb, Croatia. Pero Roas, University of Osijek, Croatia. [13] American plastic welding technologies, Hot Air Welding Guide For Plastic Repairs www.bak- ag.com [14] A text book of Welding Technology O. P. Khanna. [15] R.P. Wool, Molecular aspects of tack, Rubber chemistry and technology 57/2 (1982) 307-319. [16] GUIDE LINE FOR WELDING THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS (Hot gas hand and hot gas extrusion welding), WEGENER WELDING EXPERTS, www.wegenerwelding.com . BIOGRAPHY Shakeel Ahmad Dar received his B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar. He is currently pursuing M.Tech in Mechanical Engineering with specialisation in Production and Industrial Engineering from Integral University, Lucknow. His research interests are Plastic Welding, Industrial engineering and Material science. Mahmood Alam working as Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow from last 8 Years. He completed his master degree in production and industrial engineering with specialized work in the field of plastic welding, currently pursuing PhD in the same field. Abhishek Dwivedi working as Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow from last 5 Years, worked as Sales Engineer for 1 year. He completed his M.Tech in Computer Integrated Manufacturing, and pursuing Ph.D. His area of interest is CIM, Industrial Engineering and Polymer Science.
Download now