Ans: Familial Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the families, rather than acquired.
Sporadic Cancer: Cancers that occur due to genetic changes we acquire over time are considered
to be sporadic.
Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis: It is the hypothesis that cancer is the result of accumulated
mutations to a cell\'s DNA. Knudson suggested that two hits to the DNA has to take place before
tumor van develop. for ex: in inherited cases, the first hit is inherited in the DNA, and the second
hit could rapidly lead to cancer.
Types of cancer genes: There are two major types of cancer genes a) Oncogenes that normally
signals cells to grow but when mutated, results in unregulated growth of the cells. ex: Ras gene
b) Tumor suppressor gene are called brakes of the cell which maintains the cell cycle progression
by inhibiting the cell cycle, when required. Any change or mutation in these gene cause
unregulated cell growth that bypasses the check points barriers of the cell cycle. ex: p53.
LOH: loss of heterozygosity in cancer refers to the absence of a functional tumor suppressor
gene in the lost region. According to knudson two hit hypothesis, many people with loh remain
healthy because there is still one functional copy active with them. Any change or mutation in
the other copy (i.e. the second hit) would cause cancer.
Solution
Ans: Familial Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the families, rather than acquired.
Sporadic Cancer: Cancers that occur due to genetic changes we acquire over time are considered
to be sporadic.
Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis: It is the hypothesis that cancer is the result of accumulated
mutations to a cell\'s DNA. Knudson suggested that two hits to the DNA has to take place before
tumor van develop. for ex: in inherited cases, the first hit is inherited in the DNA, and the second
hit could rapidly lead to cancer.
Types of cancer genes: There are two major types of cancer genes a) Oncogenes that normally
signals cells to grow but when mutated, results in unregulated growth of the cells. ex: Ras gene
b) Tumor suppressor gene are called brakes of the cell which maintains the cell cycle progression
by inhibiting the cell cycle, when required. Any change or mutation in these gene cause
unregulated cell growth that bypasses the check points barriers of the cell cycle. ex: p53.
LOH: loss of heterozygosity in cancer refers to the absence of a functional tumor suppressor
gene in the lost region. According to knudson two hit hypothesis, many people with loh remain
healthy because there is still one functional copy active with them. Any change or mutation in
the other copy (i.e. the second hit) would cause cancer..
Ans Familial Cancer Cancer that occurs in the families, rather tha.pdf
1. Ans: Familial Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the families, rather than acquired.
Sporadic Cancer: Cancers that occur due to genetic changes we acquire over time are considered
to be sporadic.
Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis: It is the hypothesis that cancer is the result of accumulated
mutations to a cell's DNA. Knudson suggested that two hits to the DNA has to take place before
tumor van develop. for ex: in inherited cases, the first hit is inherited in the DNA, and the second
hit could rapidly lead to cancer.
Types of cancer genes: There are two major types of cancer genes a) Oncogenes that normally
signals cells to grow but when mutated, results in unregulated growth of the cells. ex: Ras gene
b) Tumor suppressor gene are called brakes of the cell which maintains the cell cycle progression
by inhibiting the cell cycle, when required. Any change or mutation in these gene cause
unregulated cell growth that bypasses the check points barriers of the cell cycle. ex: p53.
LOH: loss of heterozygosity in cancer refers to the absence of a functional tumor suppressor
gene in the lost region. According to knudson two hit hypothesis, many people with loh remain
healthy because there is still one functional copy active with them. Any change or mutation in
the other copy (i.e. the second hit) would cause cancer.
Solution
Ans: Familial Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the families, rather than acquired.
Sporadic Cancer: Cancers that occur due to genetic changes we acquire over time are considered
to be sporadic.
Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis: It is the hypothesis that cancer is the result of accumulated
mutations to a cell's DNA. Knudson suggested that two hits to the DNA has to take place before
tumor van develop. for ex: in inherited cases, the first hit is inherited in the DNA, and the second
hit could rapidly lead to cancer.
Types of cancer genes: There are two major types of cancer genes a) Oncogenes that normally
signals cells to grow but when mutated, results in unregulated growth of the cells. ex: Ras gene
b) Tumor suppressor gene are called brakes of the cell which maintains the cell cycle progression
by inhibiting the cell cycle, when required. Any change or mutation in these gene cause
unregulated cell growth that bypasses the check points barriers of the cell cycle. ex: p53.
LOH: loss of heterozygosity in cancer refers to the absence of a functional tumor suppressor
gene in the lost region. According to knudson two hit hypothesis, many people with loh remain
healthy because there is still one functional copy active with them. Any change or mutation in
the other copy (i.e. the second hit) would cause cancer.
