The document discusses plant propagation methods, including sexual propagation using seeds and asexual propagation using vegetative plant parts. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual propagation. Some key asexual propagation methods covered include cutting, budding, grafting, layering, and case studies on the effects of auxins and cutting types on plant sprouting in phalsa. In summary, the document provides an overview of plant propagation techniques for multiplying plants both sexually through seeds and asexually through vegetative plant parts and structures.

1. Mr. INDRESH KUMAR

2. PLANT PROPAGATION
• “The art and science of multiplying plants
by sexual or asexual means .’’
1. Sexual propagation : Sexual reproduction refers to
multiplication of plants by seed .
2 . Asexual propagation :
Use growing plant parts other than seeds .

3. Advantages of sexual propagation :
▪ Propagation by seed is simple and easy .
▪ Seed propagation is only means of creating diversity . Diversity
sometimes yield better plant types .
▪ Seed produce plants are long lived .
▪ Seed propagation makes feasible to propagate plants like Carica
papaya and Cocus nucifera.
▪ For asexual propagation rootstocks are raised by seed .
Disadvantages of sexual propagation :
▪ Seed propagated plants are not true to types to the mother plants
.
▪ Seed propagated plants posses long juvenile phase and hence
flowering and fruiting commence very late .
▪ Seedling plants produce yield of inferior quality .
▪ Seed propagation excludes the benefits of rootstock.

4. Advantage of asexual propagation :
▪ Asexually propagated plants are true to type to their mother plants .
▪ Asexually propagated plants posses short juvenile phase and flower
and fruits early in the stage .
▪ The propagated plants are smaller in stature and hence harvesting
and spraying become easily
▪ Plants in which seed setting does not take place e.g. Ananas comosus
Musa parasiaca , asexual propagation serves as a substitute for sexual
propagation .
Disadvantage of asexual propagation :
▪ Asexually propagated plants have short life .
▪ Asexually propagation restricts diversity .
▪ In citrus , tristeza virus (quick decline ) is transmitted through bud
wood . Thus sometime asexual propagation disseminates diseases .

5. METHODS OF ASEXUAL PROPAGATION
CUTTING : Separation of a portion of mother plant and
planting it in a media suitably so that it may constitute a
new plant successfully is termed as cutting .
Types of cutting :
➢ Stem cutting
➢ Root cutting
➢ Leaf cutting
➢ Types of stem cutting : -

6. Semi hard wood cutting
e.g. Cedrus deodara.
Soft wood cutting eg.Silver Fir
Hard wood cutting eg.
Dalbergia sissoo.
Herbaceous cutting

7. BUDDING
Budding : The process of connecting scion ,which is
a bud ,and rootstock in a manner
Such that they may unite and grow successfully
as one plant is termed as budding .
Types of budding :
➢ Shield budding (T- budding)
➢Patch budding
➢Chip budding
➢Ring budding
➢Forkert budding

8. Shield budding e.g.
Rose, pear, sweet orange
Patch budding e.g..
Aonla,jackfruit,jamun etc.
Chip budding
eg.Apple,Grape etc.
Ring budding
e.g. Ber , Peach
Forkert budding eg.Mango,cashewnut

9. GRAFTING
Grafting is a technique of propagation in which scion stick and
rootstock is connected in a manner such that they may unite
and subsequently grow and develop as a successful plant .
Type of grafting :
➢ Veneer grafting
➢ whip grafting
➢ Tongue grafting
➢ Cleft grafting
➢ Wedge grafting
➢ Bridge grafting
➢ Epicotyl grafting
➢ Soft wood grafting

10. Veneer grafting Eg. Mango Whip grafting Eg.
Apple ,pear , walnut
Cleft grafting
Eg. Mango ,pecan nut , grape
etc. Wedge grafting

11. Bridge grafting Epicotyl grafting
Soft wood grafting
Inarching

12. LAYERING
• Inducing development of roots on branches while
they are still attached to the trees is called layering .
• Type of layering :
➢ Simple layering
➢Serpentine or compound layering
➢ mound layering or stooling
➢ Trench layering
➢ Tip layering
➢ Air Layering

13. Simple layering Serpentine layering
Mound layering or Stooling

14. Air layering
Eg. Litchi

15. Case study on effect of auxins and type of cutting on number of days taken to sprouting and
number of sprouts in phalsa under shade net condition.(Solan)
TYPE OF CUTTING AND
CONCENTRATION OF
AUXIN
NO. OF
DAYS TO
SPROUTING
NO. OF SPROUTS PER CUTTING
30 DAP 45 DAP 60 DAP
HWC+ IBA 100 PPM 13.00 3.00 4.0 4.80
HWC+ IBA 200 PPM 9.34 3.50 5.0 5.30
HWC+ IBA 300 PPM 11.62 2.72 4.23 4.60
HWC+ NAA 100 PPM 12.44 3.30 4.92 5.0
HWC+ NAA 200 PPM 13.76 2.90 4.35 4.50
HWC + NAA300 PPM 15.16 2.63 3.90 4.0
HWC+ Control 17.92 2.0 1.13 1.26
SHWC+ IBA 100 PPM 16.00 3.0 3.23 3.92
SHWC+ IBA 200 PPM 11.62 3.2 3.52 4.40
SHWC+ IBA 300 PPM 14.10 3.0 3.32 3.69
SHWC+ NAA 100 PPM 14.56 2.9 2.62 4.20
SHWC+ NAA 200 PPM 16.32 3.2 3.0 3.50
SHWC + NAA 300 PPM 16.42 2.75 2.93 3.0
SHWC + Control 18.66 0.80 0.80 0.80
HWC = Hard wood cutting , SHWC = Semi hard wood cutting M.RATNAMALA ,2013

16. • Effect of auxins and type of cutting on length of the longest root per rooted cutting
,survival percentage of rooted cuttings , fresh weight of the root per rooted cutting in
phalsa under shade net condition .
TYPE OF CUTTING AND
CONCENTRATION OF AUXIN
LENGTH OF THE
LONGEST ROOT (cm)
SURVIVAL PERCENTAGE OF
ROOTED CUTTINGS
FRESH WEIGHT OF THE
ROOT (g)
HWC+IBA 100 ppm 22.82 30.00 3.18
HWC+ IBA 200 ppm 26.08 50.00 3.69
HWC+ IBA 300 ppm 24.82 35.00 3.28
HWC+ NAA 100 ppm 23.98 40.33 3.53
HWC+ NAA 200 ppm 16.86 23.23 2.46
HWC+ NAA300 ppm 15.81 20.33 1.91
HWC+ Control 4.00 3.66 0.81
SHWC+ IBA 100 ppm 9.00 12.00 2.36
SHWC+ IBA 200 ppm 13.92 18.00 3.13
SHWC+ 300 ppm 12.04 10.42 3.24
SHWC+ NAA 100 ppm 10.28 16.00 2.93
SHWC+ NAA 200 ppm 8.79 9.63 1.88
SHWC+ NAA 300 ppm 8.52 7.42 1.64
SHWC+ Control 3.30 1.66 0.48
M.RATNAMALA ,Dr. Y.S.P HORTICULTUREAL UNIVERSITY
(HP) 2013

17. Conclusion
• Plants are propagated by means of seeds and
by vegetative means, clones are obtained by
vegetative propagation.
• Budding and grafting is done to obtain early
maturing and high yielding varieties of
commercial use.
• Success of cutting and air layering is enhanced
by use of auxins in appropriate concentration.

18. Thank You