Topic 07 - Safety Signs Etc.pptx

IHS 514
SAFETY, HEALTH &
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

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IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation
Safety Signs
• Safety signs convey specific safety information or instructions at a particular
location, such as, laboratories, workshop, construction sites etc
• In addition to the people working at the location, visitors to the location also get to
know of the hazards and important safety information through the safety signs
• Lessen the likelihood of accidents to employees and non-employees, and therefore
creates a safer working environment
• Colours:
 Red – Prohibition sign, Dangerous behaviour; stop; shutdown; evacuate
 Yellow – Warning sign, Be careful; take precautions; examine
 Blue – Mandatory sign, Specific behaviour or action; wear protective
equipment
 Green – Emergency escape / First-aid sign; Doors; exits; escape routes;
equipment and facilities

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Red Coloured Signs
• Red is a safety colour
• Prohibition sign concerning dangerous behaviour
• Should be used for “Do Not” commands
• Prohibition signs must be round, with a black pictogram on a white background with
red edging and a red diagonal line (top left, bottom right)
• Danger alarm concerning stop, shutdown, emergency cutout devices, evacuate
(e.g. the safety colour of an emergency stop button on equipment).
• Fire-fighting equipment
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Yellow Coloured Signs
• Yellow (or amber) is a safety colour
• Must be used for any warning sign concerning the need to be careful, take
precautions, examine or the like (e.g., the safety colour on hazard signs, such as
for flammable material, electrical danger, etc.)
• Warning signs must be triangular, with a black pictogram on a yellow (or amber)
background with black edging
• Yellow and black alternating stripes may be used for marking surface areas to show
obstacles or dangerous locations

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Blue Coloured Signs
• Blue is a safety colour
• Must be used for any mandatory sign requiring specific behaviour or action
• Should be used to indicate actions that must be carried out in order to comply with
statutory requirements
• Mandatory signs must be round, with a white pictogram on a blue background
• For example, the safety colour on a ‘ Safety Helmet Must Be Worn’ sign or a
‘Pedestrians Must Use This Route’ sign

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Green Coloured Signs
• Green is a safety colour
• Must be used for emergency escape signs and first aid signs
• Used to identify a safe behavior, or a place of safety
• Escape and first aid signs must be rectangular or square, with a white pictogram on
a green background
• Green part must take up at least 50% of the area of the sign. So long as the green
takes up at least 50% of the area, it is sometimes permitted to use a green
pictogram on a white background, for example where there is a green wall and the
reversal provides a more effective sign than one with a green background and
white border; no danger (e.g., for ‘return to normal

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OSHA Specified Barricade Tape Colours
1. Red / white – Fire Prevention and Protection Equipment
2. Black / white – Housekeeping and Aisle Marking
3. Magenta / yellow – Radiation Hazards
4. Green / white – Safety and First Aid
5. Blue / white – Defective Machinery
6. Orange / white – Traffic & Caution Warning
7. Black / yellow – Physical Hazards

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ANSI Specified Barricade Tape Colours
1. Yellow / Black Barricade Tape serves as CAUTION and POTENTIAL HAZARD
from:
 Excavation less than 1.2 meters (4 feet) in depth
 Identification of trip hazards and low hanging objects
 Material storage on site
2. Red Barrication Tape indicates DANGER and SERIOUS HAZARD from:
 Overhead work
 Live electrical components
 Scaffold under construction
 Around swing radius of equipment with a rotating superstructure

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ANSI Specified Barricade Tape Colours
3. Magenta (Purple) / Yellow Tape denotes DANGER and POSSIBLE RADIATION
EXPOSURE
4. Underground warning tape (custom) warns about:
 Digging underground gas-pipeline, electric cable and OFC cable installation
 Custom thickness and width are available
 Underground work
 Protection from overground work

INVESTIGATING ACCIDENTS AND
INCIDENTS

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Introduction
• Aim of health and safety management is to prevent accidents from happening by
ensuring that all safety precautions, controls and procedures are in operation and
working
• An accident is an unplanned, unpremeditated event that results in personal injury
and/or property damage or could have resulted in personal injury and/or damage to
equipment and/or other losses to an organisation
• Accidents can cause:
– Suffering, pain, distress, serious injury and disability
– Result in lost production time, medical costs, compensation proceedings,
damage to property and equipment and paperwork

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Causes of Accidents
• Immediate causes – personal factors
– Behaviour of the people involved
– Ignorance of risks
– Suitability of the people doing the work
– Training and competence
– Lack of safety equipment / clothing
– Poor safety awareness
– Tiredness
– Stupidity/fooling around

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Causes of Accidents
• Immediate causes – task factors
– Poor housekeeping / untidiness
– Workplace precautions and controls
– Faulty / unprotected equipment
– Badly designed equipment
– Uncomfortable working environment, for example, too noisy, poor lighting, too
cold, etc.
– Failure to use appropriate safety signs or warnings
– Lack of a safe system of work

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Causes of Accidents

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Causes of Accidents
• Root or underlying causes
– Low standards of information, communications, instruction, training and
supervision
– Previous similar incidents
– Lack of control and co-ordination of the work
– Quality of co-operation and consultation with employees
– Quality of health and safety policy and procedures
– Deficiencies in risk assessments, plans and control systems
– Deficiency in monitoring and measurement of work activities
– Quality and frequency of reviews and audits

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Emergency Procedures
• When things go wrong people are often exposed to danger
• There should be an emergency plan to deal with major incidents or serious injuries
• As an employer you need to think about the following:
– What is the worst that could happen?
– How would you deal with the situation?
– Who would be in charge?
– Do they need training?
– Competent persons should be nominated to take control
– Could emergency services gain easy access to the premises?
– How should the alarm be raised, both when the premises are open and
closed?

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Emergency Procedures
– Where would people go to reach a place of safety, to get help or safety
equipment?
– Are there enough emergency exits for a quick escape?
– Are emergency doors checked regularly?
– Are escape routes unobstructed and clearly marked with running persons
symbols and arrows indicating the direction of escape?
– Who are the other key people such as first-aiders?
– How to plan essential actions such as emergency plant shut-down or making
processes safe
– Training everyone in emergency procedures

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Investigating Accidents & Incidents
• ALL accidents should be investigated – not only accidents that cause injury, but
also incidents in which no injury was sustained, but where there was damage to
plant or equipment
• It is important to investigate accidents:
– to prevent a recurrence;
– in order to report them to the authorities as required; and
– to record the facts for future reference and analysis

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• When an accident happens you should:
– take any action required to deal with the immediate risks;
– think about what kind of investigation is needed;
– make sure that the accident is properly recorded in the accident book;
– report the accident as required to the enforcing authorities
– investigate – find out what happened and why; and
– take action to stop something similar happening again
– Also look at near misses and property damage. Often it is only by chance that
someone wasn’t injured

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• Any investigation should discover:
– Details of anyone who was injured, details of the injury, damage or loss to
property or equipment
– Could it happen again? What was the worst that could have happened?
– Were there procedures in place? Were they followed? Were they good
enough?
– Were those involved competent? What training and instruction had they been
given?
– Could it have been picked up before it happened? If so, how?

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Questions to be asked in
an Investigation
What?
When?
Who? Where?
How?

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Manager’s Incident / Accident Report

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Typical Fire Action Notice

Topic 07 - Safety Signs Etc.pptx

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