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What is Safety?
Safety is nothing but insuring yourself against any kind of danger.
Safety is about being prepared when an Accident/Incident takes place.
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What is fire?
Fire is the visible effect of the process
of combustion – a special type
of chemical reaction. It occurs
between oxygen in the air and some
sort of fuel. The products from the
chemical reaction are completely
different from the starting material.
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Classification of Fire
A– Trash, Wood, Paper
• Wood
• Paper
• Cloth
• Etc.
B - Liquids
• Petrol
• Oil
• Diesel
• Vanish
C- Electrical Equipment
• Electrical
energized
equipment
D- COMBUSTIBLE
• Copper
• Iron
• Zinc
• Magnesium
METALS
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Classification of Fire Cont…
K - Recently recognized by NFPA 10
Fires involving combustible oils, lards and fats
in commercial cooking.
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Points Concerned with Fire
Location of fire panel and how to read it.
Knowledge of facility layout/Area/Zones.
Location of using of FIRE Extinguisher.
FIRE exit routes.
Location of FHC (Fire Hose Cabinets).
Location of ELECTRICAL main switches.
Location and using the PA systems.
Contact no’s of Building FIRE team/FIRE (brigade/Police/Ambulance)
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Unsafe Act vs Unsafe Condition
Unsafe acts:
Using unsafe equipment.
Improper lifting.
Influence of drugs and alcohol.
Operating without authority.
Driving without wearing seat belt.
Unsafe conditions:
Congested area.
Noise exposure.
Wet area.
Inadequate warning system.
Defective/Damaged tools.
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Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
Condition – Exit access
blocked/obstructed.
Act – Individual set up scaffolding unsafely, no
PPE, no fall protection.
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Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition
Act – Individual standing on
ladders he set up unsafely.
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Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition
Condition – Open access
hatch (fall hazard).
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Accidents need to be reported immediately after
occurrence!
Make sure the form is completely filled out
with all applicable information.
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Causes of Accidents
Accident causes
Unsafe act – 88%
• An act by the injured person or another person which caused
the accident.
Unsafe condition – 10%
• Some environmental or hazardous situation which caused the
accident.
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Observation technique.
• Remember ABBI – Look above, below, behind and inside.
• Develop a questioning attitude.
• Use all sense.
Sight.
Hearing.
Smell.
Touch.
• Stop for 10 to 30 seconds before entering in an area to ascertain where employees
are working.
• Be alert for unsafe practices.
• Observe activity – do not avoid the action.
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• Near misses are warning
that something or someone
is not performing the job
correctly.
• Always pay attention to
near misses.
• Don’t let near misses repeat
themselves or you may find
yourself a co-worker being
treated for an injury that
could have been avoided.
Investigate all near miss
incidents. Nothing is
learned from the
unreported incidents and
the causes are left
uncorrected.
Reporting of Near Miss
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Costs of accident
Direct Cost
• Reputation of the
company.
• Replacement of staff.
• Training.
• Production loss.
• Damage of building and
tools.
Indirect Cost
• Fines by government.
• Compensation not covered
by the insurance company.
• General loss of business.
• Sick leave.
• Physical damage
• Mental Stress.
• Cost of treatment.
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25
What is PPE?
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) is any safety
equipment workers wear to
prevent injury in the
workplace when engineering
and administrative controls
fail to eliminate the hazard.
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29
Training requirement
• Each employee who is required to use PPE must be trained to know:
When PPE is necessary.
What PPE is necessary.
How to properly put on, take off and adjust and wear the PPE.
The limitation of the PPE.
Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of PPE.
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30
PPE Cleaning and Care
• PPE must be kept clean and sanitary. Clean PPE with mild soap and water. Some PPE may
require special cleaning, in these case use the manufacturer instructions.
• PPE shall be stored in such a way that it will not become contaminated such as plastic bags,
lockers and drawers.
• It is the responsibility of the PPE user to make their HOD aware as soon as PPE becomes
damaged so that new PPE can be obtained
• Do not attempt to repair PPE.
• PPE inspection to be followed by the PPE user.
• PPE inspection to be done before starting the activity.
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31
Electrical Safety
Electricity is invisible. It cannot be seen,
heard, taste or smelled. It is like a snake
hidden in the grass, electricity will strike you
if you do not follow safe work practices.
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32
Electrical Safety Importance
As long as the electricity is
available, no one thinks much
about it. The importance is
realized when the power goes
out. Whether it’s during the day
or at night, electricity keeps our
lives in order.
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36
Tool Box Talk
A Tool Box Talk s an informal safety meeting that is part of an organization's overall safety program.
Tool box talk meetings are generally conducted at the job site prior to the commencement of a job
or work shift. A toolbox talk covers special topics on safety aspects related to the specific job.
Meetings are normally short in duration and cover topics such as workplace hazards and safe work
practices.
Tool box talks are sometimes referred to as toolbox meetings, tailgate meetings, or safety briefings.
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37
Why Tool Box Talk is Important
Increase safety
awareness.
Keeps everyone
alert.
Reduce
workplace
injuries.
Refresh safety
knowledge.
Promotes team
communication.
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38
Manual Handling
Seek help:
When a load is too bulky to properly grasp or lift
When you can’t see around or over the load
When you can’t safely handle the load
Attach handles to loads to reduce the chances of
getting fingers smashed
Break load into parts
Get help with heavy or bulky items
Lift with legs, keep back straight, do not twist
Use handling aids - such as steps, trestles,
shoulder pads, handles, and wheels
Avoid lifting above shoulder level
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41
Ladder Safety
Ladder should be placed on a stable surface
Ensure that the ladder is secured at the top using rope or footed at
the bottom before usage
Alternatively, another worker can hold the ladder firmly in place
while another is climbing
Do not site the ladder on loose material or slippery surfaces
Ladders should also not be sited in position where user is liable to
fall over an open side (e.g., near edge of balcony at second storey to
reach terrace roof)
Always maintain a 3-point (two hands and a foot, or two feet and a
hand) contact on the ladder when climbing
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43
Inspection of Temporary Ladders
Before using a ladder, check that it is safe to use. The ladder should not have:
• Missing or loose steps or rungs (they are loose if you can move them by hand)
• Damaged or worn non-slip feet
• Loose nails, screws, bolts or nuts
• Loose or faulty spreaders, locks, and other metal parts in poor repair
• Rot, decay or warped rails in wooden ladders
• Cracks and exposed fibreglass in fibreglass ladders
• Cracked, split, worn or broken rails, braces, steps or rungs
• Sharp edges on rails and rungs
• Rough or splintered surfaces
• Corrosion, rust, oxidization and excessive wear, especially on treads
• Twisted or distorted rails. Check ladders for distortion by sighting along the rails.
Using a twisted or bowed ladder is hazardous.
• Missing identification labels