Topic 01 - Industrial Disasters.pptx

1. IHS 522
SAFETY IN INDUSTRIES

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
About the Course
• Course Code: IHS 522
• Title: Safety in Industries
• Credit Hours: 3
• Description:
– The purpose of this course is to teach students the concept of industrial
safety and provide useful practical knowledge for workplace safety which
helps identify, evaluate, and control all the hazards and potential
hazards to prevent or mitigate harm or damage to people, property, or
the environment

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Introduction
• Suggested Books
– Safety Professional's Reference and Study Guide by W. David Yates
– Industrial Safety and Environment by Amit Gupta
– Industrial Safety and Health Management by C. Ray Asfahl, David W Rieske

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Course Goals
• This course will:
– Provide students with the knowledge, skills about safety issues in various
industrial environments
– Prepare the student to function in an ethical manner in all safety, health and
environmental responsibilities and activities
– Prepare students to operate within specified regulations for each industry

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Course Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course the students will be able to:
1. Identify hazardous environment in various industries
2. Identify steps required to mitigate various safety situations
3. Apply work/occupational health and safety principles in different industries

6. INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Bhopal Gas Leak
• Took place on the night of the 2nd of December 1984 at Union Carbide India Limited
• Union Carbide India was a pesticide plant located in Bhopal
• Considered to be the world’s worst industrial disaster
• A tank containing methyl isocyanate ruptured releasing 30 metric tonnes of highly toxic
gas into the atmosphere within an hour.
• Estimates on the final death toll do vary but some estimates have the long-term death toll
placed at a shocking 16,000 people
• Union Carbide India still disputes the causes of the disaster, it has been argued by that
extremely poor maintenance and poor management were to blame
• With safety systems offline, many gas scrubbers offline, a pipe cleaning system offline,
and many valves and lines in very poor condition it seems clear that criminally negligent
maintenance of plant and equipment played a part; if not; was totally responsible for the
disaster

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Sinking of the Titanic
• On the night of the 14th of April 1912, the RMS Titanic (known as the unsinkable ship), hit
an iceberg and sunk on its maiden voyage in the North Atlantic ocean
• In total 1,503 people died in the incident out of the 2,208 passengers and crew
• Think about all of the failures in health and safety procedures that occurred:
– Emergency Equipment: There were only enough lifeboats to accommodate 1,178
people
– Training: Lifeboats were launched under-capacity saving only 705 of those people
– Procedures: RMS Titanic ignored SIX iceberg warnings before it crashed headfirst
into an iceberg at nearly full speed
– Policies: Contrary to popular belief, the RMS Titanic didn’t have too few lifeboats to
save room on the deck. They had too few lifeboats because the White Star Line’s
policies were horribly out of date and didn’t require the Titanic to have more lifeboats
than that

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Honkeiko Colliery Mining Disaster
• Took place on April 26, 1942, during the height of WW2, in the Japanese captured
Honkeiko Colliery Coal Mine in the eastern Liaoning province in China
• On that day there was a gas explosion in one of the shafts beginning what would
be known as the worst mining disaster of all time
• After a brief period of evacuation in an attempt to starve the fire of oxygen, the
Japanese shut off the ventilation, sealing over 30% of the workforce in the burning
mine
• In total, 1,549 people, died 31 of whom were Japanese, the rest of which were
forced Chinese workers
• Conditions in the mine were deplorable to begin with
• Disaster was simply the culmination of the mine operator’s lack of concern with its
workers’ safety

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Rana Plaza Collapse
• During rush hour on the 24th April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka,
Bangladesh, the Rana Plaza building collapsed, killing 1,130 people and injuring
another 2,500
• Eight-story building had been built upon an old pond, was four stories higher than
approved, was being used for industrial use instead of its commercial designation
and was made from substandard materials
• Many businesses had closed immediately after cracks had appeared on the lower
floors
• Building’s owners ignored the concerns and ordered workers back into the building
or lose pay. On the day workers returned, the building collapsed
• Response for this disaster was swift with 42 people charged with murder including
the building’s owners

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
The Halifax Explosion
• On the morning of the 6th December 1917, Halifax, Canada, the world bore witness to the
largest man-made pre-atomic explosion in history
• On that morning, the French ship, the SS Mont Blanc, collided with the Norwegian vessel,
the SS Imo
• SS Imo was carrying relief supplies for the war effort and was in a rush to get out of the
harbor
• SS Mont Blanc had both right of way and a cargo full of explosives. The explosion was
equal to about 2.9 kilotons of TNT; the largest in history up until that point, and the largest
until the atomic bomb
• Resultant death toll was approximately 2,000 people from both the boat and onlookers on
the harbor with another 9,000 injured
• Though many factors were in play, it is understood that the disaster would have been
avoided had safety protocols not been relaxed as a result of WW1 being in full swing at the
time

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
Ojhri Camp Disaster
• Ojhri Camp was a military storage centre located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
• On April 10, 1988 at about 10:30am, the camp which was used as an ammunition
depot for Afghan War, exploded, killing many in Rawalpindi and Islamabad as a
result of rockets and other munitions expelled by the blast
• A total of 10,000 tons of arms and ammunition were involved in the explosion
• Initial blast was started by a small fire created by a box of Egyptian rockets which
had been armed with fuses prior to shipment contrary to safety protocol

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries
2020 Beirut Explosion
• Occurred on 4 August 2020, when a large amount of ammonium nitrate stored at
the Port of Beirut in the capital city of Lebanon exploded
• Causing at least 218 deaths, 7,000 injuries, and US$15 billion in property damage,
and leaving an estimated 300,000 people homeless
• A cargo of 2,750 tonnes of the substance (equivalent to around 1.1 kilotons of
TNT) had been stored in a warehouse without proper safety measures for the
previous six years after having been confiscated by the Lebanese authorities from
the abandoned ship MV Rhosus

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries

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IHS 522 – Safety in Industries

16. THANK YOU