The scalenus anterior muscle originates on the cervical vertebrae and inserts on the first rib. It acts to elevate the first rib and bend the neck laterally. The triangle of the vertebral artery is bounded by the scalenus anterior muscle medially, the longus colli muscle laterally, and the subclavian artery inferiorly. It contains the vertebral artery, veins, and nerves like the phrenic nerve and brachial plexus branches.